Quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are ideal for large-panel displays because of their excellent efficiency, colour purity, reliability and cost-effective fabrication
. Intensive efforts ...have produced red-, green- and blue-emitting QD-LEDs with efficiencies of 20.5 per cent
, 21.0 per cent
and 19.8 per cent
, respectively, but it is still desirable to improve the operating stability of the devices and to replace their toxic cadmium composition with a more environmentally benign alternative. The performance of indium phosphide (InP)-based materials and devices has remained far behind those of their Cd-containing counterparts. Here we present a synthetic method of preparing a uniform InP core and a highly symmetrical core/shell QD with a quantum yield of approximately 100 per cent. In particular, we add hydrofluoric acid to etch out the oxidative InP core surface during the growth of the initial ZnSe shell and then we enable high-temperature ZnSe growth at 340 degrees Celsius. The engineered shell thickness suppresses energy transfer and Auger recombination in order to maintain high luminescence efficiency, and the initial surface ligand is replaced with a shorter one for better charge injection. The optimized InP/ZnSe/ZnS QD-LEDs showed a theoretical maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.4 per cent, a maximum brightness of 100,000 candelas per square metre and an extremely long lifetime of a million hours at 100 candelas per square metre, representing a performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art Cd-containing QD-LEDs. These as-prepared InP-based QD-LEDs could soon be usable in commercial displays.
Fiber‐shaped supercapacitors (FSSCs) are the most state‐of‐the‐art power supplies suitable for wearable devices, but the intrinsically limited cylindrical space of fibers restricts their high ...electrochemical performance, which must be overcome with a delicate and systematic architectural process. Here, a simple but effective 3D architectural strategy for fabricating FSSCs with high performance and flexibility is proposed. Highly conductive liquid crystal spun carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) is an excellent 1D core fiber for the electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide (GO). The deposited GO forms a vertical 3D structure on the CNTF (VG@CNTF), which can be successfully preserved by a consecutive coating of pseudocapacitive active materials onto the surface of VG. Notably, a solid‐state asymmetric FSSC shows an outstanding performance of 65 Wh kg−1 at 100 kW kg−1 and exceptional stability and flexibility (capacitance retention of 98.60% at bending angles of 90° and 93.1% after 5000 bending cycles). This work can provide new insight into the development of high‐performance FSSCs for practical wearable applications.
A simple but effective 3D architectural strategy for fabricating fiber‐shaped supercapacitors (FSSCs) with high electrochemical performance and flexibility using electrochemical deposition is reported. The prepared FSSCs show superior energy density and power density. This study highlights the great possibility of 3D architectured FSSCs for future wearable applications.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome of defective apoptosis, a disruption of the regulatory pathway that terminates immune and inflammatory responses. Fever, cytopenia, ...splenomegaly, and/or hemophagocytosis are typical findings of this syndrome. HLH can be induced by genetic disorders (familial) or secondary causes. Familial HLH is rare, while secondary causes in adults include infection, autoimmunity, and malignancy. HLH in adults tends to be confused with or misdiagnosed as sepsis, mainly due to similar clinical manifestations and laboratory findings, which make it difficult to diagnose HLH rapidly and adopt immunosuppressive agents and/or chemotherapy adequately. Treatment of pediatric HLH using HLH-2004 or multi-agent chemotherapy can be applied in adult patients, although the dose and type of drug need to be adjusted. It is highly recommended that allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be used in patients who become reactivated or are refractory to the initial treatment as soon as possible to improve survival. Future clinical trials are warranted to determine more suitable treatments for adult patients with HLH.
A fifth-generation (5G) frequency range 2 (FR2) transmitter front end with a fully integrated power detector for enabling closed-loop power control is presented. The power detection path includes a ...miniature broad-side directional coupler, a sense pair, and a current-mode successive approximation analog-to-digital converter. The stacked power amplifier (PA) implemented in a 28-nm CMOS silicon on insulator (SOI) process delivers 12.5-dBm output power with a power-added efficiency of 10% and an error vector magnitude (EVM) lower than −25 dB with a CP-OFDM/64-QAM/400-MHz bandwidth signal. The PA supports 5G frequency bands n257/n258/n261 covering a frequency range from 24.25 to 29.5 GHz. With a matched output load, the power detector has less than ±0.15-dB error over a 15-dB power dynamic range and 85° temperature range.
The effective production and usage of ginsenosides, given their distinct pharmacological effects, are receiving increasing amounts of attention. As the ginsenosides content differs in different parts ...of Panax ginseng, we wanted to assess and compare the ginsenosides content in the ginseng roots, leave, stems, and berries. To extract the ginsenosides, 70% (v/v) methanol was used. The optimal ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was used to profile various ginsenosides from the different parts of P. ginseng. The datasets were then subjected to multivariate analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). A UPLC-QTOF/MS method with an in-house library was constructed to profile 58 ginsenosides. With this method, a total of 39 ginsenosides were successfully identified and quantified in the ginseng roots, leave, stem, and berries. PCA and HCA characterized the different ginsenosides compositions from the different parts. The quantitative ginsenoside contents were also characterized from each plant part. The results of this study indicate that the UPLC-QTOF/MS method can be an effective tool to characterize various ginsenosides from the different parts of P. ginseng.
DNA damage-induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) promotes the progression of lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the regulation of multiple pathways. We screened a chemical library for ...anticancer agent(s) capable of inhibiting DDIAS transcription. DGG-100629 was found to suppress lung cancer cell growth through the inhibition of DDIAS expression. DGG-100629 induced c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and inhibited NFATc1 nuclear translocation. Treatment with SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) or knockdown of JNK1 restored DDIAS expression and reversed DGG-100629-induced cell death. In addition, DGG-100629 suppressed the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) signaling pathway. DDIAS or STAT3 overexpression restored lung cancer cell growth in the presence of DGG-100629. In a xenograft assay, DGG-100629 inhibited tumor growth by reducing the level of phosphorylated STAT3 and the expression of STAT3 target genes. Moreover, DGG-100629 inhibited the growth of lung cancer patient-derived gefitinib-resistant cells expressing NFATc1 and DDIAS. Our findings emphasize the potential of DDIAS blockade as a therapeutic approach and suggest a novel strategy for the treatment of gefitinib-resistant lung cancer.
Abstract
Stroke survivors are at an increased risk of falls and fractures. Physical activity is inversely associated with the fracture risk in the general population. However, the association between ...incident fracture risk and changes in habitual physical activity before and after an index stroke remains unclear. This study attempted to explore the association between incident fracture risk and changes in physical activity after stroke. Using the claims database of the National Health Insurance Program in Korea, participants with their first ischemic stroke between 2010 and 2016 were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into four groups according to changes in physical activity habits evaluated using two consecutive self-reported questionnaires before and after stroke, if available: persistent non-exercisers, exercise dropouts, new exercisers, and persistent exercisers. The primary outcome was a composite of vertebral, hip, and other fractures. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and provided adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each outcome. Among 202,234 participants included from 1,005,879 datasets, 16,621 (8.22%) experienced any type of fracture as the primary outcome. After multivariable adjustment, exercise dropouts (n = 37,106), new exercisers (n = 36,821), and persistent exercisers (n = 74,647) had a significantly reduced risk of any type of fracture (aHR 0.932, 95% CI 0.893–0.973; aHR 0.938, 95% CI 0.900–0.978; aHR 0.815, 95% CI 0.780–0.852, respectively) compared to the persistent non-exercisers (n = 53,660). Furthermore, regardless of pre-stroke exercise status, those who exercised ≥ 1000 metabolic equivalents of tasks post-stroke had a significantly reduced risk of fractures. Initiating or continuing moderate-to-vigorous regular physical activity after acute ischemic stroke was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident fractures, including hip, vertebral, and other types.
Background and Aim
We aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based object detection model for the discrimination of gastric subepithelial tumors, such as gastrointestinal stromal ...tumors (GISTs), and leiomyomas, in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) images.
Methods
We used 376 images from 114 patients with histologically confirmed gastric GIST or leiomyoma to train the EUS‐CNN. We constructed the EUS‐CNN using an EfficientNet CNN model for feature extraction and a weighted bi‐directional feature pyramid network for object detection. We assessed the performance of our EUS‐CNN by calculating its accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using a validation set of 170 images from 54 patients. Four EUS experts and 15 EUS trainees were asked to judge the same validation dataset, and the diagnostic yields were compared between the EUS‐CNN and human assessments.
Results
In the per‐image analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of our EUS‐CNN were 95.6%, 82.1%, 91.2%, and 0.9234, respectively. In the per‐patient analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC for our object detection model were 100.0%, 85.7%, 96.3%, and 0.9929, respectively. The EUS‐CNN outperformed human assessment in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and negative predictive value.
Conclusions
We developed the EUS‐CNN system, which demonstrated high diagnostic ability for gastric GIST prediction. This EUS‐CNN system can be helpful not only for less‐experienced endoscopists but also for experienced ones. Additional EUS image accumulation and prospective studies are required alongside validation in a large multicenter trial.
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•Novel InGaN quantum particles synthesized on high aspect ratio GaN nanowire structure.•External catalyst-free 1.36 eV InGaN nanowire electrode for broadband solar ...absorption.•11.5 mmol cm−2 hydrogen generation with a photon-to-current efficiency of 13.75 % at −0.8 V versus RHE.
GaN is a well-known material whose energy band edges can straddle the redox potentials deep in the visible and infrared wavelengths, thereby promising a drastically improved photon-to-current efficiency under applied bias. However, the material is still limited by the half-reactions of water splitting due to its high defect density, low light absorption, small reaction area, and large energy band bending. Here, our study provides a turn-key solution to all these issues. The synergistic effect of InGaN/GaN quantum pyramids on nanowires (QPs-NWs) directly addresses the performance degradation of the photocathodes (PCs). New InGaN QP structures on non-polar GaN nanowire show a unique tunable energy band (Eg: ∼2 eV to ∼1.36 eV) by quantum-sliding interface recombination effect. Without the use of external catalysts, the photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC-WS) of QPs-NWs PC demonstrated enhanced performance with a current density of 34.36 mA cm−2 and a photon-to-current efficiency of 13.75 % under the −0.8 to 0 V applied biasing condition, which is much higher than in previous reports. The current density and the H2 production were measured to be ∼61.81 mA cm−2 and 11.5 mmol cm−2 for 10 h. The external catalyst-free electrode and the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process will open a new platform for the commercialization of III-nitride based water splitting hydrogen technology.
The impact of changes in physical activity after ischemic stroke (IS) on the subsequent myocardial infarction (MI) risk is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of changes in ...physical activity on the risk of MI after acute IS using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Services Database.
224,764 patients newly diagnosed with IS between 2010 and 2016 who underwent two serial biannual health checkups were included. The participants were divided into four categories according to changes in their physical activity: persistent non-exercisers, new exercisers, exercise dropouts, and exercise maintainers. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of incident MI. Multivariable Cox proportional models were used to assess the effects of changes in exercise habits on the risk of MI.
After a median of 4.25 years of follow-up, 6,611 (2.94%) MI cases were observed. After adjusting for confounders, new exercisers and exercise maintainers were significantly associated with a lower risk of incident MI than persistent non-exercisers (aHR, 0.849; 95% CI, 0.792-0.911; P-value < 0.001; and aHR, 0.746; 95% CI, 0.696-0.801; P-value < 0.001, respectively). Effects were consistent across sexes, more pronounced in those > 65 years. Notably, any level of physical activity after stroke was associated with a reduced MI risk compared to no exercise.
In this nationwide cohort study, commencing or sustaining physical activity after an IS corresponded to a diminished likelihood of subsequent MI development. Advocating physical activity in ambulatory stroke survivors could potentially attenuate the prospective risk of MI.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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