Self‐powered pressure detection using smart wearable devices is the subject of intense research attention, which is intended to address the critical need for prolonged and uninterrupted operations. ...Current piezoelectric and triboelectric sensors well respond to dynamic stimuli while overlooking static stimuli. This study proposes a dual‐response potentiometric pressure sensor that responds to both dynamic and static stimuli. The proposed sensor utilizes interdigital electrodes with MnO2/carbon/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the cathode and conductive silver paste as the anode. The electrolyte layer incorporates a mixed hydrogel of PVA and phosphoric acid. The optimized interdigital electrodes and sandpaper‐like microstructured surface of the hydrogel electrolyte contribute to enhanced performance by facilitating an increased contact area between the electrolyte and electrodes. The sensor features an open‐circuit voltage of 0.927 V, a short‐circuit current of 6 µA, a higher sensitivity of 14 mV/kPa, and outstanding cycling performance (>5000 cycles). It can accurately recognize letter writing and enable capacitor charging and LED lighting. Additionally, a data acquisition and display system employing the proposed sensor, which facilitates the monitoring of athletes’ rehabilitation training, and machine learning algorithms that effectively guide rehabilitation actions are presented. This study offers novel solutions for the future development of smart wearable devices.
A self‐powered pressure sensor utilizing a potential conversion mechanism based on electrochemical reactions is proposed. The proposed sensor incorporates interdigital electrodes and a microstructured electrolyte to increase the sensitive area. Additionally, a data acquisition and machine learning algorithm system are developed using the sensor microcontroller for real‐time monitoring of sports rehabilitation.
Background and Objective
As pazopanib plasma trough concentrations are correlated with treatment outcome, we explored whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in the elimination pathway of pazopanib ...affect systemic pazopanib concentrations.
Methods
The decreased function alleles
CYP3A4 15389 C
>
T (*22)
,
ABCB1 3435 C
>
T
,
ABCG2 421 C
>
A
, and
ABCG2 34G
>
A
were analyzed within a recently developed population-pharmacokinetic model.
Results
Incorporation of
CYP3A4*22
in the model resulted in a 35% lower clearance for variant carriers (0.18 vs. 0.27 L/h; difference in objective function value: − 9.7;
p
< 0.005). Simulated median trough concentrations of cancer patients with
CYP3A4*22
with 600 mg once daily or 800 mg once daily were 31 and 35 mg/L, respectively. The simulated trough concentrations for the population excluding the
CYP3A4*22
carriers after 600 mg once daily or 800 mg once daily were 18 and 20 mg/L, respectively.
Conclusion
This analysis shows that
CYP3A4*22
heterozygotes have a substantial lower pazopanib clearance and that dose adjustments based on
CYP3A4*22
status could be considered.
In this work, the stability of arsenate adsorbed Mg(II)–Al(III)/Fe(III)–CO3/SO4 Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) under three abiotic anoxic reductive conditions that may be encountered in Tailings ...Management Facilities (TMFs) were evaluated. At pH 8 and 10 mM Fe(II) (aq), the formation of Fe(III)-oxy/hydroxides (FeOHs) occurred for all 5 LDHs but the Fe-based LDHs precipitated the greatest amounts. All LDHs released <0.3 mg/L total As(aq) and the reacted solid surface remained as As(V) except for MgFeSO4. For reactions at pH 8 and 0.5 mM Fe(II) (aq), precipitation of FeOHs occurred but preferential formation to magnetite (for MgFeSO4) and 2-line ferrihydrite (for MgFeCO3) transpired. The highest total As(aq) release followed the order: MgAlSO4 > MgAlFeCO3SO4 > MgAlCO3 > MgFeCO3/MgFeSO4. The solid surfaces remained as As(V) except for MgAlSO4, MgAlCO3, and MgAlFeCO3SO4 LDHs where 10–25% As(III) formed. Finally, at pH 10 and 0.5 mM Fe(II) (aq), the formation of FeOHs occurred to various degrees but a significant amount of CaCO3(s) precipitated. A 2-stage release and re-adsorption mechanism of total As(aq) occurred following the order: MgAlFeCO3SO4 > MgAlSO4 > MgFeCO3 > MgAlCO3 > MgFeSO4. A significant portion of the solid surfaces (30–90%) was found as As(III) for all reacted LDHs. This work provides a guideline for the environmental behavior of As(V) adsorbed LDHs where relevant underwater cover TMF abiotic reducing conditions may exist.
Display omitted
•A guideline to when As(aq) may be released from LDHs under reduction is provided.•Three distinct types of As(aq) release and re-adsorption behaviors were observed.•Formation of Fe(III)-oxy/hydroxide (FeOHs) was greatest for the Fe-based LDHs.•At pH 8 and 10 mM Fe(II) (aq), sequestration of As(aq) via FeOHs and LDHs occurred.•At 0.5 mM Fe(II) (aq) and pH 8–10, the release of As(aq) was observed.
A simple and rapid extraction procedure was developed for determining aldehydes in rainwater samples. This extraction technique involved the use of micro-solid-phase extraction in which the sorbent ...was held within a polypropylene membrane envelope, followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and valeraldehyde were used as model compounds. Extraction conditions were optimized. The method linearity ranged between 0.5 and 50
μg
l
−1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.987–0.999. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the method ranged from 7 to 12%. Method detection limits were in the range of 0.07–0.15
μg
l
−1, which is lower than those previously reported for solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometric techniques. The proposed extraction technique was used for determination of aldehydes in rainwater samples to demonstrate the applicability of the method.
The conversion of white adipocytes into brown adipocytes improves their thermogenesis and promotes energy consumption. Epigenetic modifications affect related genes and interfere with energy ...metabolism, and these are the basis of new ideas for obesity treatment. Neonatal mice show high levels of DNA hypermethylation in white adipose tissue early in life and low levels in brown adipose tissue. Thus, we considered that the regulation of DNA methylation may play a role in the conversion of white adipose to brown. We observed growth indicators, lipid droplets of adipocytes, brown fat specific protein, and miRNA-133a after treatment with 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine. The expression of Prdm16 and Ucp-1 in adipocytes was detected after inhibiting miRNA-133a. The results showed a decrease in total lipid droplet formation and an increased expression of the brown fat specific proteins Prdm16 and Ucp-1. This study indicated that 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine promotes white adipocyte browning following DNA demethylation, possibly via the modulation of miR-133a and Prdm16.
The cellular polyamines spermine, spermidine, and their metabolic precursor putrescine, have long been associated with cell-growth, tumor-related gene regulations, and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we ...show by in vitro spectroscopy and AFM imaging, that these molecules promote aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides into fibrils and modulate the aggregation pathways. NMR measurements showed that the three polyamines share a similar binding mode to monomeric Aβ(1–40) peptide. Kinetic ThT studies showed that already very low polyamine concentrations promote amyloid formation: addition of 10 μM spermine (normal intracellular concentration is ∼1 mM) significantly decreased the lag and transition times of the aggregation process. Spermidine and putrescine additions yielded similar but weaker effects. CD measurements demonstrated that the three polyamines induce different aggregation pathways, involving different forms of induced secondary structure. This is supported by AFM images showing that the three polyamines induce Aβ(1–40) aggregates with different morphologies. The results reinforce the notion that designing suitable ligands which modulate the aggregation of Aβ peptides toward minimally toxic pathways may be a possible therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease.
China has a long history of sheep husbandry, and has several indigenous sheep breeds. However, the exact geographic origin of Chinese domestic sheep remains unclear. To provide valuable genetic ...information for origin of Chinese domestic sheep, we performed an ancient DNA study on 22 sheep excavated from four Bronze Age archaeological sites in Northern China. Two lineages (A and B) were observed in ancient Chinese sheep, of which lineage A was predominant reaching a frequency of 95.5%. Furthermore, phylogenetic network showed that the most frequent haplotype in ancient sheep was the founder of lineage A. These results suggest that Lineage A may hold the key to understanding the origin of Chinese domestic sheep. Sequence sharing and principal component analysis showed that the ancient Chinese sheep had a close affinity to modern Chinese sheep. However, there was no significant breed structure among three modern Chinese sheep groups, making it difficult to determine their relationship to ancient Chinese sheep. Lastly, our results imply that ancient DNA analysis could provide a new way to investigate prehistoric East-West contact.
► Lineage A was predominant in Bronze Age China. ► Ancient Chinese sheep had a close affinity to modern Chinese sheep. ► Ancient DNA could provide valuable clues for the prehistory of East-West contact.
Aims
Previously published pharmacokinetic (PK) models for sunitinib and its active metabolite SU12662 were based on a limited dataset or lacked important elements such as correlations between ...sunitinib and its metabolite. The current study aimed to develop an improved PK model that circumvented these limitations and to prove the utility of the PK model in treatment optimization in clinical practice.
Methods
One thousand two hundred and five plasma samples from 70 cancer patients were collected from three PK studies with sunitinib and SU12662. A semi‐physiological PK model for sunitinib and SU12662 was developed incorporating pre‐systemic metabolism using non‐linear mixed effects modelling (nonmem). Allometric scaling based on body weight was applied. The final model was used for simulation of the PK of different treatment regimens.
Results
Sunitinib and SU12662 PK were best described by a one and two compartment model, respectively. Introduction of pre‐systemic formation of SU12662 strongly improved model fit, compared with solely systemic metabolism. The clearance of sunitinib and SU12662 was estimated at 35.7 (relative standard error (RSE) 5.7%) l h−1 and 17.1 (RSE 7.4%) l h−1, respectively for 70 kg patients. Correlation coefficients were estimated between inter‐individual variability of both clearances, both volumes of distribution and between clearance and volume of distribution of SU12662 as 0.53, 0.48 and 0.45, respectively. Simulation of the PK model predicted correctly the ratio of patients who did not reach proposed PK targets for efficacy.
Conclusions
A semi‐physiological PK model for sunitinib and SU12662 in cancer patients was presented including pre‐systemic metabolism. The model was superior to previous PK models in many aspects.
The water jet peening (WJP) technology can induce compressive residual stress (RS) in metal surfaces and, thus, improve the fatigue life of components. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed ...for calculating the RS induced by WJP. To validate the proposed mathematical model, experimental and finite element simulation verifications were carried out on Al6061-T6. The distribution of RS along the depth direction, the maximum compressive RS, and the depth of the compressive RS layer were also investigated based on the mathematical model. Results showed that the error of maximum compressive RS between the mathematical model and experiment was within 9% under a jet pressure of 60 MPa, and the error of depth of the compressive RS layer between the mathematical model and experiment was within 13% under a jet diameter of 0.3 mm. Hence, the mathematical model is reliable and accurate. The maximum compressive RS increases with the increase in jet pressure, and the depth of the compressive RS layer approximately linearly increases with the increase in jet diameter.
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