In this paper, we investigated Cdx2 and claudin-2 expression in pathological paraffin tissues of sinus ventriculi from gastroscopic biopsy to determine the correlation between the expressions of ...these 2 genes during gastric carcinogenesis by immunochemical ABC technique. Altogether, we analyzed 108 chronic superficial gastritis, 55 chronic atrophic gastritis, 109 intestinal-type metaplasia, 93 dysplasia and 52 gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma samples. Our results indicated that the percentage of Cdx2-positive cases was 0% (0/108) for chronic superficial gastritis, 0% (0/55) for chronic atrophic gastritis, 90.83% (99/109) for intestinal-type metaplasia, 51.61% (48/93) for dysplasia and 61.54% (32/52) for gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, primarily expressed in the cell nucleus and partly in the cytoplasm (p < 0.05); interestingly, the percentage for the intestine-type metaplasia was markedly high. The percentage of claudin-2-positive cases was 0% (0/108) for chronic superficial gastritis, 0% (0/55) for chronic atrophic gastritis, 0% (0/109) for intestinal-type metaplasia, 35.48% (33/93) for dysplasia and 71.15% (37/52) for gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, primarily in the cell membrane and gradually increased in the multistage process of gastric carcinogenesis (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between claudin-2 and Cdx2 protein expression in dysplasia and intestine-type adenocarcinoma (r = 0.112, p < 0.05). Thus, there may be a correlation between the expression of claudin-2 and Cdx2 in stages of dysplasia and cancer.
The Unique Long 26 (UL26) and UL26.5 proteins of herpes simplex virus are known to function during the assembly of the viruses. However, for duck enteritis virus (DEV), which is an unassigned member ...of the family Herpesviridae, little information is available about the function of the two proteins. In this study, the C-terminus of DEV UL26 protein (designated UL26c), which contains the whole of UL26.5, was expressed, and the recombinant UL26c protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The mAb 1C8 was generated against DEV UL26 and UL26.5 proteins and used subsequently to map the epitope in this region. Both the mAb and its defined epitope will provide potential tools for further study of DEV.
A mAb (designated 1C8) was generated against the DEV UL26c protein, and a series of 17 partially overlapping fragments that spanned the DEV UL26c were expressed with GST tags. These peptides were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting analysis using mAb 1C8 to identify the epitope. A linear motif, ⁵²⁰IYYPGE⁵²⁵, which was located at the C-terminus of the DEV UL26 and UL26.5 proteins, was identified by mAb 1C8. The result of the ELISA showed that this epitope could be recognized by DEV-positive serum from mice. The ⁵²⁰IYYPGE⁵²⁵ motif was the minimal requirement for reactivity, as demonstrated by analysis of the reactivity of 1C8 with several truncated peptides derived from the motif. Alignment and comparison of the 1C8-defined epitope sequence with those of other alphaherpesviruses indicated that the motif ⁵²¹YYPGE⁵²⁵ in the epitope sequence was conserved among the alphaherpesviruses.
A mAb, 1C8, was generated against DEV UL26c and the epitope-defined minimal sequence obtained using mAb 1C8 was ⁵²⁰IYYPGE⁵²⁵. The mAb and the identified epitope may be useful for further study of the design of diagnostic reagents for DEV.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs) as porous crystalline materials show promising potential applications. However, developing facile strategies for the construction of COFs directly from amorphous ...covalent organic polymers (COPs) is still a great challenge. To this end, we report a novel approach for easy preparation of COFs from amorphous COPs through the linkage replacement under different types of reactions. Four COFs with high crystallinity and porosity were constructed via the linkage substitution of polyimide‐linked COPs to imine‐linked COFs as well as imine‐linked COPs to polyimide‐linked COFs. The realization of the linkage substitution would significantly expand the research scope of COFs.
Aus dem COP wird ein COF: Die einfache Konstruktion hoch kristalliner und poröser kovalenter organischer Gerüste (COFs) aus amorphen kovalenten organischen Polymeren (COPs) wird durch einen Austausch der verknüpfenden Einheit in einer Konversionsstrategie ermöglicht. Vier COFs mit hoher Kristallinität und Porosität wurden hergestellt.
Bacteria serve as live food and nutrients for bacterial-feeding nematodes (BFNs) in soils, and influence nematodes behavior and physiology through their metabolism. Five bacterial taxa (Bacillus ...amyloliquefaciens JX1, Variovorax sp. JX14, Bacillus megaterium JX15, Pseudomonas fluorescens Y1 and Escherichia coli OP50) and the typical BFN Caenorhabditis elegans were selected to study the effects of bacterial respiration and growth rates on the feeding preferences, brood size and lifespan of nematodes. P. fluorescens Y1 and E. coli OP50 were found to be more active, with high respiration and rapid growth, whereas B. amyloliquefaciens JX1 and B. megaterium JX15 were inactive. The nematode C. elegans preferred active P. fluorescens Y1 and E. coli OP50 obviously. Furthermore, worms that fed on these two active bacteria produced more offspring but had shorter lifespan, while inactive and less preferred bacteria had increased nematodes lifespan and decreased the brood size. Based on these results, we propose that the bacterial activity may influence the behavior and life traits of C. elegans in the following ways: (1) active bacteria reproduce rapidly and emit high levels of CO2 attracting C. elegans; (2) these active bacteria use more resources in the nematodes' gut to sustain their survival and reproduction, thereby reducing the worm's lifespan; (3) inactive bacteria may provide less food for worms than active bacteria, thus increasing nematodes lifespan but decreasing their fertility. Nematodes generally require a balance between their preferred foods and beneficial foods, only preferred food may not be beneficial for nematodes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This report describes the identification of a novel linear B-cell epitope at the N-terminus of the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) nucleocapsid (N) protein. A monoclonal antibody designated ...2D2 was prepared against the IBV N protein, and a series of 23 partially overlapping, tagged fragments of the IBV N gene were expressed. These peptides and five heterogeneous IBV strains were used to identify the epitope recognized by 2D2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting analysis. The linear motif (11)DSPAPIIKLGG(21), located at the N-terminus of the N protein, was identified as the epitope bound by 2D2. ELISA and Western blotting also showed that this epitope was recognized by IBV-positive chicken serum. We propose that this motif is a linear B-cell epitope of N protein, and is the core sequence for reactivity, as demonstrated by binding of 2D2 to the truncated peptides and different IBV strains. Alignment and comparison of the 2D2-defined epitope with other coronavirus sequences showed that the epitope is conserved among avian coronaviruses. The identified epitope might be useful for clinical applications and as a tool for further study of the structure and function of the IBV N protein.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of earthworm (Metaphire guillelmi) activities on rice photosynthates distribution in plant-soil system through ¹⁴C pulse-labelling method. Rice ...was planted in pots, and maize straw was mulched on the surface with or without earthworms. Rice plants at tillering stage or heading stage were labelled with ¹⁴CO₂. Plant and soil were sampled 15 days after labelling at the tillering or heading stage and at harvest. Rice growth was inhibited by earthworms (M. guillelmi) at early stage, but the inhibition disappeared at later stage. Earthworms significantly (P < 0.01) increased the ¹⁴C percentage in root at day 15 after tillering stage labelling, but the effect disappeared at harvest. Earthworms (M. guillelmi) significantly (P < 0.01) increased the ¹⁴C percentage in root at day 15 after heading stage labelling and increased ¹⁴C percentage in soil at harvest. Earthworms decreased the percentages of total organic ¹⁴C (TO¹⁴C) present as microbial biomass ¹⁴C (MB¹⁴C) and increased the percentages of total organic ¹⁴C present as dissolved organic ¹⁴C (DO¹⁴C) at all sampling times. It is suggested that earthworms might alter the transfer of plant photosynthates from the aboveground to the belowground, and thus, soil active C pool. However, these data should be also confirmed in the field.
To study the dynamic changes of tuberculosis related cytokines among patients during the different courses of treatment, and to analyze their influences on the development and prognoses of ...tuberculosis.
All patients with active tuberculosis were enrolled from Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Foshan TB control institutes. There were a total of 68 cases, 36 males and 32 females, aged 19 to 50 years average (30±9) years. All the TB patients received standard chemotherapy regimen of anti-tuberculosis, and were divided into 2 groups: one completed treatment group (cured or clinically cured 38 cases) and 1 uncompleted treatment group (treatment failure or need to extend treatment, 30 cases). Peripheral blood serum at 0, 2, 6 month during the treatment from 68 tuberculosis patients were collected, and the concentration of IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-17,TGF-β,TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by ELISA tests.
The concentration of IFN-γ, TGF-β and IL-4 in all enrolled patients showed significant decrease (from 23.2 ng/L to 22.3 ng/L, from 169
A validated HPLC method is described for the simultaneous determination of daidzein 7,4′-di-succinic acid mon-ester-
O-ethoxy (DZ5) and its active metabolite daidzein 7,4′-dioxy-ethoxy (DZ4) in dog ...plasma. DZ5 and DZ4 were determined by reversed-phase HPLC (column: Hypersil C18 5
μm silica, 200
mm
×
4.6
mm i.d.; eluent: 400
ml water, 500
μl 85% phosphoric acid, 600
ml methanol) and photometric detection (250
nm), with Kaempferol as the internal standard. The calibration curve was linear over the range 0.1–50.0
μg/ml in dog plasma. The average extraction recoveries were 84.6% (DZ5), 82.7% (DZ4) and the within-day and between-day precisions were less than 10.93%. The assay was applied to the analysis of samples from a pharmacokinetic study. Following the oral administration and intravenous administration of DZ5, DZ5 was eliminated rapidly from the plasma and DZ4 was found in plasma. The absolute bioavailability of total DZ5 and DZ4 was 41.5%. The method was demonstrated to be feasible for pharmacokinetic studies of DZ5 in dogs.
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