Supercabatteries combine the advantages of high power and energy density performances. However, the electrodes are always fabricated using high surface area materials and traditional slurry coating ...method containing the solvent mixing and drying processes, which are less controlled, energy-intensive, and environmentally unfriendly. Herein, we report a solvent-free method in pilot stage, combining a high-speed air blowing, hot-rolling, and hot overlying process. The carbon materials with high content of 40% are mixed in the LiFePO4-activated carbons cathode and Li4Ti5O12-activated carbons anode, respectively. The compact densities of the thick solvent-free electrodes (120 μm, one-side) are almost ~1.6 times of the values for the slurry coating electrodes. The solvent-free full cells show capacitive linear charge/discharge curves before the cell voltage plateaus. And these linear curves further mitigate the internal resistance drop at −40 °C using acetonitrile-assistant carbonate-based eutectic electrolytes. The full cell delivers high areal capacity of 1.4 mAh cm−2 and volume energy density of 95 Wh L−1, which is almost 2 times higher than that of the slurry coating full cell. Moreover, the supercabattery with acetonitrile-assistant electrolyte shows excellent cycling retention of 92% for over 5000 cycles due to the self-passivated solid electrolyte interface formation and stable fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene net-like binding structure.
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•Li-ion supercabattery using LiFePO4- and Li4Ti5O12-based electrodes with 40% carbons.•Solvent-free electrodes combined air blowing, hot-rolling and overlying process.•Novel supercabattery shows high areal capacity, energy density and better cycling.•Contribution of capacitive controlled current can reach up to 68% at high rates.•Acetonitrile-assistant eutectic electrolytes ensured the −40 °C performance.
•Fast and green extraction and separation of flavonoids in R. Scutellariae was achieved.•Green NADES systems were used as extraction solvent.•Natural deep eutectic solvent microwave-assisted ...extraction was developed.•The proposed approach was confirmed by higher yields and reproducibility.•Resin was attempted for direct separation of flavonoids from NADES solution.
In this study, fast and green extraction and separation of four main flavonoids in Radix Scutellariae was achieved by natural deep eutectic solvent microwave-assisted extraction (NADES-MAE) and direct macroporous resin adsorption and desorption process. Multivariate data analysis revealed that the NADES system composed of choline chloride and lactic acid, possessed excellent extractability for baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin. The influential parameters of NADES-MAE were investigated and optimized by single-factor experiment and Box–Behnken experimental design combined with response surface methodology. Well-fitting models for the extraction of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin were successfully established and verified. The proposed method had satisfactory extraction yields for the four flavonoids and high reproducibility. Moreover, the direct enrichment and separation of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin in NADES extraction solution was efficiently achieved using macroporous resin ME-2 with recovery yields of 84.1%, 79.5%, 85.0% and 81.8%, respectively. The developed procedure represents an excellent alternative for the extraction and separation of natural products from sample matrices.
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•Cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA) inhibited NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production in a concentration-dependent manner.•CCGA treatment could inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB and the NF-κB p65 ...translocation.•CCGA suppressed phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK.•CCGA inhibited intracellular ROS generation through enhancing SOD and GSH /GSSG activity.•CCGA treatment could enhanced the HO-1 and the inhibited Nrf2 translocation.
Phenolic acids are found in natural plants, such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and chlorogenic acid. They have long been used as pharmacological actives, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA) is a special isomer of chlorogenic acid; the pharmacological effects and related molecular mechanisms of CCGA have been poorly reported. In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CCGA in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results revealed that CCGA dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 and blocked iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expressions. CCGA also significantly increased the GSH/GSSG ratio and SOD activity and reduced the MDA level. Moreover, CCGA suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by hindering the phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) and degrading IκB. It also downregulated the phosphorylation of MAPKs. Our results indicated that CCGA significantly inhibited NF-κB activation by controlling the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and promoting the nuclear transfer of Nrf2. In conclusion, CCGA could attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory symptoms by modulating NF-κB/MAPK signaling cascades and inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress via Nrf2 nuclear translocation.
Coconut shell-based activated carbons were prepared by self-activation using the pyrolysis gases generated from them. The process was carried out at high temperatures in a closed reactor filled with ...coconut shell under a high pressure that was generated by pyrolysis gases. Results indicate that the activated carbon prepared at 900 °C for 6h has a specific surface area, total pore volume, micropore percentage, iodine adsorption capacity and methylene blue adsorption capacity of 1 194.4 m2/g, 0.528 cm3/g, 87.8%, 1 280 mg/g and 315 mg/g, respectively. When used as the electrode material of electrochemical capacitors this activated carbon exhibits a specific capacitance of 258 F/g, a high capacitance retention rate of 97.2% after 3000 charge/discharge cycles and a small impedance. The water vapor and carbon dioxide generated by the pyrolysis of the coconut shell in the closed reactor act as activating agents and also increase the pressure of the reaction system. This is favorable for the activation of the formed char. This self-activation method was also used to prepare activated carbons with high adsorption capacities for iodine and methylene blue from almond stones, pecan shells and slash pine sawdust, indicating that it is a very simple, efficient, environmentally friendly and economical method for the preparation of biomass-based activated carbons for supercapacitor electrode materials and adsorption.
Abstract
Background
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is the major neuromodulator orchestrating the stress response, and is secreted by neurons in various regions of the brain. Cerebellar CRF is ...released by afferents from inferior olivary neurons and other brainstem nuclei in response to stressful challenges, and contributes to modulation of synaptic plasticity and motor learning behavior via its receptors. We recently found that CRF modulates facial stimulation-evoked molecular layer interneuron-Purkinje cell (MLI-PC) synaptic transmission via CRF type 1 receptor (CRF-R1)
in vivo
in mice, suggesting that CRF modulates sensory stimulation-evoked MLI-PC synaptic plasticity. However, the mechanism of how CRF modulates MLI-PC synaptic plasticity is unclear. We investigated the effect of CRF on facial stimulation-evoked MLI-PC long-term depression (LTD) in urethane-anesthetized mice by cell-attached recording technique and pharmacological methods.
Results
Facial stimulation at 1 Hz induced LTD of MLI-PC synaptic transmission under control conditions, but not in the presence of CRF (100 nM). The CRF-abolished MLI-PC LTD was restored by application of a selective CRF-R1 antagonist, BMS-763,534 (200 nM), but it was not restored by application of a selective CRF-R2 antagonist, antisauvagine-30 (200 nM). Blocking cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor abolished the facial stimulation-induced MLI-PC LTD, and revealed a CRF-triggered MLI-PC long-term potentiation (LTP) via CRF-R1. Notably, either inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with chelerythrine (5 µM) or depletion of intracellular Ca
2+
with cyclopiazonic acid (100 µM), completely prevented CRF-triggered MLI-PC LTP in mouse cerebellar cortex
in vivo
.
Conclusions
The present results indicated that CRF blocked sensory stimulation-induced opioid-dependent MLI-PC LTD by triggering MLI-PC LTP through CRF-R1/PKC and intracellular Ca
2+
signaling pathway in mouse cerebellar cortex. These results suggest that activation of CRF-R1 opposes opioid-mediated cerebellar MLI-PC plasticity
in vivo
in mice.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
In recent years, natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) in the treatment of colorectal cancer has attracted widespread attention. The potential benefits of NOSES including ...reduction in postoperative pain and wound complications, less use of postoperative analgesic, faster recovery of bowel function, shorter length of hospital stay, better cosmetic and psychological effect have been described in colorectal surgery. Despite significant decrease in surgical trauma of NOSES have been observed, the potential pitfalls of this technique have been demonstrated. Particularly, several issues including bacteriological concerns, oncological outcomes and patient selection are raised with this new technique. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to reach a consensus as an industry guideline to standardize the implementation of NOSES in colorectal surgery. After three rounds of discussion by all members of the International Alliance of NOSES, the consensus is finally completed, which is also of great significance to the long-term progress of NOSES worldwide.
The control of 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)-pyran-4-one (DDMP) formation in the Maillard reaction is important to improve the thermally treated food quality as a result of its intense ...bitterness and potential toxicity. In this work, phenolic acids, such as gallic, protocatechuic, caffeic, and ferulic acids, were applied to modulate DDMP formation in a microaqueous glucose–proline model. The formation of DDMP was inhibited at low concentrations (from 0.1 to 5.0 mM) while enhanced at 10.0 mM gallic, protocatechuic, and caffeic acids. Ferulic acid always inhibited DDMP formation as a result of the absence of catechol groups on its benzene ring. The result indicated that the control of DDMP formation depended upon the concentration and chemical structures of phenolic acids, such as the number of hydroxyl groups. Further studies indicated that the hydroxyl distribution of phenolic acids regulated the peroxide formation in the model reaction system and further changed the development of the oxidation reaction, which affected the degradation of glucose via caramel or Maillard reaction, Amadori rearrangement product oxidation, and 1-deoxyglucosone degradation to form the intermediates.
Dermoscopic images were captured using a digital dermoscopy system (MoleMax HD, Digital Image Systems, Vienna, Austria) in polarized mode. Since multiple images were captured, which revealed ...different parts of each lesion, two separate dermoscopic analyses, one per-image (each photograph as a unit for analysis) and one per-patient (each patient as a unit for analysis), were independently performed by two experienced dermatologists who were blinded to the histopathologic results. Considering pigmentary structures, we first described pigmentation along with skin grooves and perifollicular pigmentation, as two features in both dermatoses Figure 1I–L. ...peppering and pigmentation along with skin grooves were more common in ELS, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001 and P = 0.036, respectively) in the per-image analysis. ...dermoscopic features of morphea and ELS lesions in Chinese patients were overall in line with the data of previous studies carried out in Caucasian patients; however, different frequencies and distributions could be observed.
•Effects of IMC-forming elements on corrosion resistance of Sn–Zn alloys were investigated.•Zn-rich precipitates were suppressed and refined by formation of IMC.•Corrosion resistance was improved in ...the order of Ag<Cu<Cr<Ni.•IMC-forming elements enhanced the stability of the passive film on the modified alloys.•The mechanism by which IMC-forming elements influence the corrosion resistance was discussed.
The corrosion behavior of ternary Sn–9Zn–0.1X (X=Ni, Cr, Cu and Ag) solder alloys were investigated by electrochemical techniques and surface characterization, aiming to explore the effects of intermetallic-forming elements on the corrosion resistance. Zn-rich precipitates in the modified alloys were suppressed and refined by formation of Zn-containing intermetallic compounds. As a result, the corrosion resistance improved markedly with addition of these elements, and the potency to suppress anodic dissolution increased in the order of Ag<Cu<Cr<Ni. Such improvement was discussed in terms of refined Zn-rich precipitates and enhanced passive film stability.
Renal fibrosis is a common feature of all types of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is tightly regulated by the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. Let-7i-5p belongs to the let-7 microRNA family with diverse ...biological functions. It has been reported that let-7i-5p suppresses fibrotic disease in the heart, lungs, and blood vessels, while the role of let-7i-5p in renal fibrosis remains limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of let-7i-5p in renal fibrosis in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and TGF-β1–stimulated renal tubular cell line TCMK1. The RNA-targeting CRISPR/Cas13d system was used to knock down let-7i-5p. Renal injury and fibrosis were determined by histological analysis, RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunostaining. Our results have shown that in the kidneys after UUO, the expression of let-7i-5p was significantly increased along with notable tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis. Electroporation of let-7i–targeting Cas13d plasmid efficiently knocked down let-7i-5p in kidneys after UUO with reduced tubular injury, fibrotic area, and expression of fibrotic marker genes α-SMA, fibronectin, and Col1a1. In TGF-β1–stimulated TCMK1 cells, knockdown of let-7i-5p by Cas13d plasmid transfection also blunted the expression of fibrotic marker genes. Most importantly, the genomic locus of let-7i showed enriched binding of Smad3 as revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In TCMK1 cells, the overexpression of Smad3 can directly induce the expression of let-7i-5p. However, the deletion of Smad3 abolished TGF-β1–stimulated let-7i-5p expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that let-7i-5p is a Smad3-dependent microRNA that plays a pathogenic role in renal fibrosis. Let-7i-5p could be a promising target for the treatment of CKD-associated renal fibrosis.
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