Generative adversarial network (GANs) is one of the most important research avenues in the field of artificial intelligence, and its outstanding data generation capacity has received wide attention. ...In this paper, we present the recent progress on GANs. First, the basic theory of GANs and the differences among different generative models in recent years were analyzed and summarized. Then, the derived models of GANs are classified and introduced one by one. Third, the training tricks and evaluation metrics were given. Fourth, the applications of GANs were introduced. Finally, the problem, we need to address, and future directions were discussed.
This letter investigates the low-temperature switching characteristics and conduction mechanism of the Pt/HfO x /TiN resistive random access memory devices. For the first time, Pt/HfO x /TiN devices ...were demonstrated to be well functional at ultralow temperature (4 K). The switching voltages slightly increase at lower temperature. The failure state in a breakdown sample shows a metallic behavior, while the normal low-resistance states and high-resistance states show a semiconducting behavior. The slope change in the 1/kT plot below 77 K indicates a transition from the nearest-neighboring hopping to the variable range hopping. Different slopes or activation energies are observed at the same resistance level in the same device but after different programming cycles, indicating a cycle-dependent variation of the filament configuration.
The IEEE 802.11 standard provides multi-rate support for different versions. As there is no specification on the dynamic strategy to adjust the rate, different rate adaptation algorithms are applied ...according to different manufacturers. Therefore, it is often hard to interpret the performance discrepancy of various devices. Moreover, the ever-changing channels always challenge the rate adaptation, especially in the scenario with scarce spectrum and low SNR. As a result, it is important to sense the radio environment cognitively and reduce the unnecessary oscillation of the transmission rate. In this paper, we propose an environment-aware robust (EAR) algorithm. This algorithm employs an occasional small packet, designs a rate scheme adaptive to the environment, and enhances the robustness. We verify the throughput of EAR using network simulator NS-3 in terms of station number, motion speed and node distance. We also compare the proposed algorithm with three benchmark methods: AARF, RBAR and CHARM. Simulation results demonstrate that EAR outperforms other algorithms in several wireless environments, greatly improving the system robustness and throughput.
The insertion of carbenes into the α-C-H bonds of ethers represents one of the most powerful approaches to access polysubstituted α-branched ethers. However, intermolecular carbene insertions remain ...challenging, since current approaches are generally limited to the use of toxic and potentially explosive α-diazocarbonyl compounds. We now report a silver-catalyzed α-C-H benzylation of ethers using bench-stable N-triftosylhydrazones as safe and convenient carbene precursors. This approach is well suited for both inter- and intramolecular insertions to deliver medicinally relevant homobenzylic ethers and 5-8-membered oxacycles in good yields. The synthetic utility of this strategy is demonstrated by its easy scalability, broad scope with valuable functional groups, high regioselectivity, and late-stage functionalization of complex oxygen-containing molecules. The relative reactivities of different types of silver carbenes and C-H bonds were also investigated by experments and DFT calculations.
Floating gate transistor photomemory (FGTPM) has been regarded as one of the most prospective nonvolatile photomemory devices because of its compatibility with transistor-based circuits, ...nondestructive reading, and multilevel storage. Until now, owing to the excellent photoelectric properties, lead-based perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have been applied in most of the perovskite-based FGTPM devices and embedded in the polymer matrix as the charge trapping layer. However, the polymer matrix and its solvent would degrade the structure of the PNCs, resulting in the loss of their unique photoresponse ability. In addition, lead-based perovskites have environmental unfriendliness and poor stability. Hence, a novel nonvolatile FGTPM based on oligomeric silica (OS) wrapped lead-free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 NCs was demonstrated for the first time. Acting synchronously as the protection layer for the discrete Cs2AgBiBr6 NCs and charge tunneling layer for the FGTPM device, the OS layer can achieve controllable thickness by adjusting the process parameters, leading to an adjustment of storage properties with a larger memory window (58 V). Owing to the excellent photoresponse ability of the Cs2AgBiBr6@OS composite layer, the FGTPM device exhibited high-performance with repeatable multilevel nonvolatile photomemory and precise photoresponse ability of wavelength/time/power-dependent photoirradiation without extra gate biasing.
Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology for realizing massive interconnection, especially when it is enabled by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in terms of flexibility and operability. ...However, limited cache resources and channel resources limit the implementation of high throughput and low-loss communication systems. Furthermore, in order to better user experience and system resource utilization, it is imperative for different services to acquire individualized resource configurations. This paper proposes a Service-Oriented Resource Allocation (SoRA) algorithm based on a scenario involving multiple users, a relay, and sink. Firstly, SoRA uses a fuzzy complementary matrix to evaluate different types of service. Secondly, the storage and communication resources are allocated jointly to maximize system utility. Finally, the deep Q-learning strategy is adopted to allocate the resources dynamically according to the network conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed SoRA algorithm reduces the delay by 43.49%, reduces the average packet loss by 14.28%, and decreases the average power consumption by 25.36%.
As a primary stage of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), the cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) system takes some outstanding advantages such as accurate perception and timely reaction, ...which benefit from vehicular communication, over human-driven vehicles (HDVs). However, these advantages will turn into stability risks in case of communication failures caused by malicious attacks. Thus, this study aims at analyzing the stability of heterogeneous traffic flow with communication failures. We model two types of communication failures: bogus messages and transmission delay, and introduce drivers’ takeovers to react to communication failures. As a result, heterogeneous traffic flow consists of normal CACC vehicles, CACC vehicles with communication failures, and HDVs. Then, a series of numerical analyses, including startup and braking analysis, incidents analysis, and density wave, are proposed to verify the theoretical models and demonstrate their major properties. Besides, a discussion on traffic capacity is presented to analyze the overall impact of communication failures on traffic flow characteristics. The findings can help to investigate the stability evolution of heterogeneous traffic flow and determine the appropriate traffic flow configuration under communication failures.
IntroductionChronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is one of the most common health problems worldwide. According to the clinical guideline released by the American College of Physicians, ...exercise has been recommended for the treatment of chronic LBP. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is becoming increasingly popular for the management of chronic LBP. Baduanjin exercise is one of the exercise therapies in TCM. N-of-1 trial is a randomised cross-over self-controlled trial suitable for patients with this chronic disease. A series of similar N-of-1 trials can be pooled to estimate the overall and individual therapeutic effects synchronously by hierarchical Bayesian analysis. And N-of-1 trials are considered as a good tool for evaluating the therapeutic effect of TCM. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a series of N-of-1 trials with hierarchical Bayesian analysis for assessing whether Baduanjin exercise is effective and safe for CNLBP.Methods and analysisThis study conducts a series of N-of-1 trials on Baduanjin exercise for the management of CNLBP. Fifty participants will receive 1–3 treatment cycles. They will be randomised into a Baduanjin exercise or waiting list group for a week during the two periods of each treatment cycle. The primary outcome is the 10-point Visual Analogue Scale. The secondary outcomes include the Oswestry Disability Index, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire and the Short Form Health Survey 12. Statistical analysis will be conducted with WinBUGS V.1.4.3 software. Overall and individual therapeutic effects will be estimated synchronously by hierarchical Bayesian analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of TCM (reference number TJUTCM-EC20220005). Our findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or international conference.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200063307.
When a high-speed droplet impacts on mesh screens, part of the droplet penetrates the screen through its pores and generates smaller secondary drops, which spray downstream in a conical distribution. ...This instantaneous phase fragmentation phenomenon has been widely utilized in liquid spray applications and multiple-phase liquid separation. During droplet deformation, the intense liquid–gas fragmentation can lead to high nonequilibrium effect, which makes it hard to simulate by traditional fluid computational method. In this study, for the first time, we provided a numerical method to simulate the entire process of penetration dynamic behaviors. This 3D droplet-impact model based on MDPD (many-body dissipative particle dynamics) method exhibits high stability. A special solid–liquid boundary condition was proposed and successfully reduced the massive computational resources wasted on the solid mesh surface. To verify our model, the impacting of a droplet on a flat surface and on a mesh screen were simulated, respectively. The result showed a good match with our previous drop impact study and our experiment of the whole process about a droplet fragmented into hundreds of small drops. We further studied the mass transfer ratio (the ratio of penetrated drops to the initial droplet) and the ejection angle (the angle of the spray cone). The mass transfer ratio and ejection angle can be approximated as a function of Weber number, solid fraction and mesh number by summarizing the regular drop-penetrated behaviors over initial speed and mesh number.
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