At present, there are almost 700 million rural population in China, and the farm and farmers in China are highly associated with the steadiness and development of the country and even the world. ...Farmers are the main subjects in rural development and play a vital role in the reception, management, and benefit distribution in rural tourism activities during the development of rural tourism. Farmers’ perception and participation intention in rural tourism development are directly related to the sustainable development of rural tourism and the realization of rural revitalization goals. The decision-making process of participation in the rural tourism development fits the application conditions of the technology acceptance model (TAM). Therefore, in order to explore the influencing factors of farmers’ decision-making process in participating in the rural tourism, this study employs the technology acceptance model to predict and judge individual farmers’ willingness and behavior to participate in the rural tourism. The government trust and perceived risk in the real problem of low participation of farmers in the rural tourism development are considered. Then, an extended technology acceptance model was established by taking 409 farm households as research samples. The influence of government trust on farmers’ participation intention in the rural tourism was empirically analyzed based on the PLS-SEM model. The results show that farmers’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in rural tourism affect their participation intention. Farmers’ judgments on whether governments can assume public responsibilities and achieve public interests through rural tourism development affects their trust in government, while the government trust can positively affect farmers’ participation intention
via
perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. This indicates that government trust is an important antecedent variable influencing farmers’ participation in the rural tourism. The perceived risk affects farmers’ perceived usefulness and participation intention in the rural tourism, and plays a moderating role in the relationship between government trust and perceived usefulness. Finally, this study recommends to highlight the utility and convenience of rural tourism participation during the promotion of farmers’ participation in rural tourism development, enhance the ability of farmers to participate in rural tourism development, and choose multiple channels to increase government trust to reduce farmers’ risk concerns.
In this paper, we report the synthetic strategy of direct arylation polymerization (DAP) for four 2,2′-bithiophene-based conjugated microporous polymers (the 2,2′-BTh-based CMPs) by coupling ...2,2′-bithiophene with the building blocks containing bromine. Compared to conventional coupling polymerization, this synthetic scheme is simple, facile and atomically efficient owing to neither preactivating the C–H bonds in 2,2′-bithiophene using organometallic reagents nor synthesis of complex thiophene-based building blocks. The resulting 2,2′-BTh-based CMPs exhibit excellent thermal stability, high specific surface areas, and good microporosity. Their specific surface areas are higher than that of other previously reported CMPs prepared with DAP. The four 2,2′-BTh-based CMPs can be utilized for multicolor fluorescence sensing of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) with the high sensitivity and selectivity. The sensitivities appear to increase with the degree of structural distortion.
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•The 2,2′-bithiophene-based CMPs were synthesized by DAP.•The 2,2′-bithiophene-based CMPs can fluorescence sense DNP.
The positions of double bonds in lipids play critical roles in their biochemical and biophysical properties. In this study, by coupling Paternò–Büchi (P‐B) reaction with tandem mass spectrometry, we ...developed a novel method that can achieve confident, fast, and sensitive determination of double bond locations within various types of lipids. The P‐B reaction is facilitated by UV irradiation of a nanoelectrospray plume entraining lipids and acetone. Tandem mass spectrometry of the on‐line reaction products via collision activation leads to the rupture of oxetane rings and the formation of diagnostic ions specific to the double bond location.
Where is the double bond? For the first time, the Paternò–Büchi (P‐B) reaction has been exploited for double‐bond localization in lipids. The P‐B reaction is facilitated by UV irradiation of a nanoelectrospray plume entraining lipids and acetone. Tandem mass spectrometry of the online reaction products by collision activation leads to the rupture of oxetane rings and the formation of diagnostic ions specific to the double‐bond location (see picture).
Nanostructures derived from zeolitic‐imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) gain much interest in bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis. However, they are not satisfied well for long‐life rechargeable zinc–air ...batteries due to the limited single particle morphology. Herein, the preparation of an interconnected macroporous carbon matrix with a well‐defined 3D architecture by the pyrolysis of silica templated ZIF‐67 assemblies is reported. The matrix catalyst assembled zinc–air battery exhibits a high power density of 221.1 mW cm−2 as well as excellent stability during 500 discharging/charging cycles, surpassing that of a commercial Pt/C assembled battery. The synergistic effect from the interconnected macroporous structure together with abundant cobalt–nitrogen–carbon active sites justify the excellent electrocatalytic activity and battery performance. Considering the advanced nanostructures and performance, the as‐synthesized hybrid would be promising for rechargeable zinc–air batteries and other energy technologies. This work may also provide significant concept in the view of electrocatalysis design for long‐life battery.
An interconnected macroporous carbon matrix is prepared by the pyrolysis of a silica‐templated zeolitic‐imidazole framework assembly. The interconnected macroporous structure with abundant accessible active sites significantly improves the mass transport and accelerates the diffusion of reactants, thus contributing to efficient and robust bifunctionality for oxygen electrocatalysis and achieving long‐life rechargeable zinc–air batteries.
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) with intrinsic anisotropic strains are reversible shape‐memory polymers of interest in sensor, actuator, and soft robotics applications. Rapid gelation of LCEs is ...required to fix molecular ordering within the elastomer network, which is essential for directed shape transformation. A highly efficient photo‐cross‐linking chemistry, based on two‐step oxygen‐mediated thiol–acrylate click reactions, allows for nearly instant gelation of the main‐chain LCE network upon exposure to UV light. Molecular orientation from the pre‐aligned liquid crystal oligomers can be faithfully transferred to the LCE films, allowing for preprogrammed shape morphing from two to three dimensions by origami‐ (folding‐only) and kirigami‐like (folding with cutting) mechanisms. The new LCE chemistry also enables widely tunable physical properties, including nematic‐to‐ isotropic phase‐transition temperatures (TN‐I), glassy transition temperatures (Tg), and mechanical strains, without disrupting the LC ordering.
Liquid crystal (LC) elastomers are generated by a thiol–acrylate click reaction mediated by ambient oxygen. Superfast gelation occurs upon photopolymerization of liquid crystalline diacrylate monomers and dithiol‐terminated oligomers, leading to instant locking of the molecular order of the liquid crystals and allowing for programmable shape transformation from two to three dimensions.
The rational construction of efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is of immense significance yet challenging for rechargeable metal–air batteries. Herein, this work reports a metal–organic ...framework derived 2D nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes/graphene hybrid as the efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries. The as‐obtained hybrid exhibits excellent catalytic activity and durability for the oxygen electrochemical reactions due to the synergistic effect by the hierarchical structure and heteroatom doping. The assembled rechargeable zinc–air battery achieves a high power density of 253 mW cm−2 and specific capacity of 801 mAh gZn−1 with excellent cycle stability of over 3000 h at 5 mA cm−2. Moreover, the flexible solid‐state rechargeable zinc–air batteries assembled by this hybrid oxygen electrocatalyst exhibits a high discharge power density of 223 mW cm−2, which can power 45 light‐emitting diodes and charge a cellphone. This work provides valuable insights in designing efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for long‐life metal–air batteries and related energy conversion technologies.
A 2D hierarchical nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes/graphene hybrid derived from metal–organic frameworks demonstrates promising potential for long‐life rechargeable Zn–air batteries.
Complex molybdenum‐based ternary or multinary sulfides hollow structures are developed via a fast precipitation process, together with a subsequent annealing treatment. Benefiting from the merits of ...high‐curvature surfaces with excellent intrinsic catalytic activity, the obtained unique hollow structures exhibit enhanced performance as electrocatalysts for hydrogen production in acidic media.
Oxygen electrocatalysis is of great significance in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Many strategies have been adopted for developing advanced oxygen electrocatalysts to promote these ...technologies. In this invited contribution, recent progress in understanding the oxygen electrochemistry from theoretical and experimental aspects is summarized. The major categories of oxygen electrocatalysts, namely, noble‐metal‐based compounds, transition‐metal‐based composites, and nanocarbons, are successively discussed for oxygen reduction and evolution. Design strategies of various oxygen electrocatalysts and their relationship on the structure–activity–performance are comprehensively addressed with the perspectives. Finally, the challenge and outlook for advanced oxygen electrocatalysts are discussed toward energy conversion and storage technologies.
Design strategies of the structure‐activity‐performance relationship regarding three major categories of oxygen electrocatalysts in noble‐metal‐based, transition‐metal‐based, and carbon‐based catalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction, and the corresponding oxygen electrocatalysis in three energy technologies of fuel cells, water electrolyzer, and metal‐air batteries are reviewed.
Abstract
The zeolite Cu(I)Y is promising for adsorptive removal of thiophenic sulfur compounds from transportation fuels. However, its application is seriously hindered by the instability of Cu(I), ...which is easily oxidized to Cu(II) even under atmospheric environment due to the coexistence of moisture and oxygen. Here, we report the adjustment of zeolite microenvironment from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic status by coating polydimethylsiloxane (yielding Cu(I)Y@P), which isolates moisture entering the pores and subsequently stabilizes Cu(I) despite the presence of oxygen. Cu(I) in Cu(I)Y@P is stable upon exposure to humid atmosphere for 6 months, while almost all Cu(I) is oxidized to Cu(II) in Cu(I)Y for only 2 weeks. The optimized Cu(I)Y@P material after moisture exposure can remove 532 μmol g
−1
of thiophene and is much superior to Cu(I)Y (116 μmol g
−1
), regardless of similar uptakes for unexposed adsorbents. Remarkably, Cu(I)Y@P shows excellent adsorption capacity of desulfurization for water-containing model fuel.
Production of hydrogen by water splitting is an appealing solution for sustainable energy storage. Development of bifunctional catalysts that are active for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) ...and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key factor in enhancing electrochemical water splitting activity and simplifying the overall system design. Here, recent developments in HER-OER bifunctional catalysts are reviewed. Several main types of bifunctional water splitting catalysts such as cobalt-, nickel- and iron-based materials are discussed in detail. Particular attention is paid to their synthesis, bifunctional catalytic activity and stability, and strategies for activity enhancement. The current challenges faced are also concluded and future perspectives towards bifunctional water splitting electrocatalysts are proposed.
This review summarizes recent research progress and perspectives on noble-metal-free bifunctional heterogeneous electrocatalysts towards hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in overall water splitting.
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