In a cooperative game with a coalition structure, it is assumed that all the profits of feasible coalitions can be obtained. Before the cooperation relationship was formed, the profit for a single ...priori union (i.e., firm) could be obtained based on the former cooperation history. However, it is difficult to get the feasible coalition worth among multiple firms. Hence, a cooperative game with a coalition structure under the limited feasible coalition (IFCS game) is defined. For the solution of IFCS game, two different methods are used. Firstly, a Limited Owen value is defined by known values, and a generalized extension of Limited Owen value (i.e.,
q
-probabilistic value) is given by distribution matrices of players. Some axioms are used to characterize Limited Owen and
q
-probabilistic value, such as
I-Efficiency
,
I-Symmetric within coalitions
,
I-Symmetric across coalitions
,
I-Null player property
,
I-Linearity
,
I-Null coalition property
and
I-Proportionality
. In the second solution, unknown coalition values are also estimated to make Owen value usable. By defining the lower and upper limit values of IFCS game, IFCS game is transformed into the coalition structures cooperative games. An interval Owen value is represented by the lower and upper limit values of IFCS game, which is a range of all the possible Owen values. Finally, the relationship between two methods is discussed
Traffic problems have seriously affected people's life quality and urban development, and forecasting short-term traffic congestion is of great importance to both individuals and governments. ...However, understanding and modeling the traffic conditions can be extremely difficult, and our observations from real traffic data reveal that: 1) similar traffic congestion patterns exist in the neighboring time slots and on consecutive workdays and 2) the levels of traffic congestion have clear multiscale properties. To capture these characteristics, we propose a novel method named PCNN, which is based on a deep convolutional neural network, modeling periodic traffic data for short-term traffic congestion prediction. PCNN has two pivotal procedures: time series folding and multi-grained learning. It first temporally folds the time series and constructs a 2-D matrix as the network input, such that both the real-time traffic conditions and past traffic patterns are well considered; then, with a series of convolutions over the input matrix, it is able to model the local temporal dependency and multiscale traffic patterns. In particular, the global trend of congestion can be addressed at the macroscale, whereas more details and variations of the congestion can be captured at the microscale. Experimental results on a real-world urban traffic data set confirm that folding time series data into a 2-D matrix is effective and PCNN outperforms the baselines significantly for the task of short-term congestion prediction.
To meet various practical requirements and enhance human experience, hydrogels possessing multifunctionality are of great significance for flexible wearable sensors. Herein, a novel strategy has been ...developed to fabricate nanocomposite hydrogels with a combination of excellent stretchability, rapid recoverability, self-healing, and outstanding adhesiveness. The PAAc/SiO2-g-PAAm nanocomposite hydrogels were facilely prepared through the polymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) using SiO2-g-polyacrylamide core–shell hybrid nanoparticles (SiO2-g-PAAm) as the dynamic cross-linking center. The densely dynamic hydrogen bonds between PAAc matrices and grafted PAAm chains could reversibly be destructed and reconstructed to dissipate a large amount of energy. Due to this unique feature, the formulated hydrogels showed a wide spectrum of desirable properties, including skin-mimetic modulus, excellent stretchability (1600%), exceptional self-healing properties (96.5% at ambient temperature), and fast recoverability. The sensors fabricated with the prepared hydrogels exhibited a high detection sensitivity in the strain range from 50% to 500% with a gauge factor value of 5.86, rapid response time, and good antifatigue performance. Depending on the outstanding adhesiveness, this sensor could attach to different substrates to release the real-time motion monitoring. In the practical wearable sensing test, various human motions, including tiny-scaled swallowing, laughing, and speaking, as well as large-scaled wrist, elbow, and knee movements during basketball shooting, could be sensed. These demonstrations heralded the potential application of our sensor in accurate and long-term human motion monitoring.
The electrical conductivity and elasticity of deep hydrous phases are essential to constraining water distribution, as well as deciphering the origins of conductivity anomalies in the lower mantle. ...To uncover the impact of iron-bearing δ-AlOOH on the geophysical properties of the lower mantle, we carried out synchrotron X-ray diffraction and electrical conductivity measurements on δ-(Al0.52Fe0.48)OOH and (Al0.95Fe0.05)OOH in diamond-anvil cells at pressures up to 75 GPa at room temperature. A sharp volume reduction of ∼6.5% was observed in δ-(Al0.52Fe0.48)OOH across the spin transition at 40.8-43.3 GPa, where its electrical conductivity increases steadily without abrupt changes. The electrical conductivity of δ-(Al0.52Fe0.48)OOH is greater than that of pure δ-AlOOH at high pressure, suggesting that both small polaron and proton conduction mechanisms dominate in iron-bearing δ-AlOOH. Furthermore, the high-pressure electrical conductivity profiles are comparable between δ-(Al0.95Fe0.05)OOH and δ-(Al0.52Fe0.48)OOH, indicating that high-iron content only marginally influences the conductivity of iron-bearing δ-AlOOH. Notably, the electrical conductivity of iron-bearing δ-AlOOH along the North Philippine geotherm is greater than the average 1D electrical conductivity profile in the mantle (Ohta et al. 2010a). This result suggests that δ-(Al,Fe)OOH is a promising candidate to account for high conductivity in some subducting slabs.
construction of the Schottky-junction is considered to be a valid route to boost the spatial charge separation and transfer of the photocatalytic system. Herein, two-dimensional (2D) O-doped g-C3N4 ...nanosheets were prepared by an annealing route, and then a 2D/2D Ti3C2 MXene/O-doped g-C3N4 Schottky-junction was fabricated using an in-situ electrostatic assembly of negatively charged Ti3C2 MXene and positively charged O-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets. The as-prepared Ti3C2 MXene/O-doped g-C3N4 Schottky-junction exhibited almost two times enhanced hydrogen evolution (25124 μmol/g/h) in comparison to pristine O-doped g-C3N4 (13745 μmol/g/h) and Ti3C2 MXene/pristine C3N4 (15573 μmol/g/h). Based on fully characterizations and theory calculation, the enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the synergy effect of intimate 2D/2D interfacial contact and the construction of Schottky-junction, which result in the short charge transport distance from HCN to Ti3C2 MXene and efficient separation of the photo-generated charge. This study will provide new insight into developing 2D/2D Schottky-junction photocatalysts for the solution of the energy crisis.
Ti3C2-MXene, which exhibits excellent electronic conductivity and optical properties, has been identified as a promising noble-metal-free co-catalyst for the development of efficient photocatalysts ...for environmental remediation. Herein, CeO2/Ti3C2-MXene hybrids were prepared by the in-situ growth of cube-like CeO2 using ultrathin Ti3C2-MXene nanosheets as a two-dimensional platform via a simple hydrothermal route. Upon exposure to solar light, the CeO2/Ti3C2-MXene hybrid with the optimal ratio of Ti3C2-MXene exhibited enhanced performance in photocatalytic tetracycline degradation and CO2 reduction, with activities 6.3 and 1.5 times greater than those of pristine CeO2, respectively. The improved activity of CeO2/Ti3C2-MXene was attributed to the Schottky junction induced by the built-in electric field between CeO2 and Ti3C2-MXene, which drives the photogenerated electrons from CeO2 to Ti3C2-MXene and expedites the segregation of the electrons and holes. This work may shed light on the careful design of novel Schottky junctions utilizing noble-metal free Ti3C2-MXene as co-catalysts for building efficient photocatalytic systems enacted in pollutant degradation and energy conversion.
To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Randomized controlled trials and ...prospective studies on antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with ADHD were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the inception of databases to November 12, 2022. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Network meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD 42023382824) was carried out by using R Studio 4.2.1.
48 studies involving 12 antioxidant drugs (resveratrol, pycnogenol, omega-3, omega-6, quercetin, phosphatidylserine, almond, vitamin D, zinc, folic acid, ginkgo biloba, Acetyl-L-carnitine) were finally included, with 3,650 patients. Network meta-analysis showed that omega-6 (0.18), vitamin D (0.19), and quercetin (0.24) were the top three safest drugs according to SUCRA. The omega-3 (SUCRA 0.35), pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.36), and vitamin D (SUCRA 0.27) were the most effective in improving attention, hyperactivity, and total score of Conners' parent rating scale (CPRS), respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity, and total score of Conners' teacher rating scale (CTRS), pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.32), phosphatidylserine+omega-3 (SUCRA 0.26), and zinc (SUCRA 0.34) were the most effective, respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity and total score of ADHD Rating Scale-Parent, the optimal agents were phosphatidylserine (SUCRA 0.39), resveratrol+MPH (SUCRA 0.24), and phosphatidylserine (SUCRA 0.34), respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity and total score of ADHD Rating Scale-Teacher, pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.32), vitamin D (SUCRA 0.31) and vitamin D (SUCRA 0.18) were the optimal agents, respectively. The response rate of omega-3+6 was the highest in CGI (SUCRA 0.95) and CPT (SUCRA 0.42).
The rankings of safety and efficacy of the 12 antioxidants vary. Due to the low methodological quality of the included studies, the probability ranking cannot fully explain the clinical efficacy, and the results need to be interpreted with caution. More high-quality studies are still needed to verify our findings.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and heterocyclic amines (HAs) are two kinds of important harmful products formed simultaneously during the thermal processing of proteinaceous food. In this ...paper, the effect of roasting conditions on the formation of AGEs and HAs, as well as active carbonyl intermediates in common peanut (C−peanut) and high-oleic acid peanut (HO−peanut) was studied simultaneously for the first time. In general, with the increase in roasting temperature (160–200 °C) and time, the contents of AGEs, HAs and active carbonyl intermediates (i.e., glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO)) significantly increased in peanuts. Four kinds of HAs (i.e., AαC, DMIP, Harman and Norharman) were observed in roasted peanuts, of which Harman and Norharman accounted for about 93.0% of the total HAs content after roasting for 30 min at 200 °C. Furthermore, a correlation analysis among AGEs (i.e., Nε-(1-Carboxymethyl)-L-lysine (CML) and Nε-(1-Carboxyethyl)-L-lysine (CEL)), HAs, GO and MGO was conducted. Most of these compounds showed an excellent positive linear relationship (p ≤ 0.001) with each other. The evident increase in GO and MGO contents implied an increase in not only the content of AGEs but also HAs. However, contents of AGEs and HAs showed no significant difference between roasted HO−peanut and C−peanut. This study would provide a theoretical basis for simultaneously controlling the levels of AGEs and HAs in thermal processed peanut foods.
The construction of multi‐heteroatom‐doped metal‐free carbon with a reversibly oxygen‐involving electrocatalytic performance is highly desirable for rechargeable metal‐air batteries. However, the ...conventional approach for doping heteroatoms into the carbon matrix remains a huge challenge owing to multistep postdoping procedures. Here, a self‐templated carbonization strategy to prepare a nitrogen, phosphorus, and fluorine tri‐doped carbon nanosphere (NPF‐CNS) is developed, during which a heteroatom‐enriched covalent triazine polymer serves as a “self‐doping” precursor with C, N, P, and F elements simultaneously, avoiding the tedious and inefficient postdoping procedures. Introducing F enhances the electronic structure and surface wettability of the as‐obtained catalyst, beneficial to improve the electrocatalytic performance. The optimized NPF‐CNS catalyst exhibits a superb electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, long‐term durability in pH‐universal conditions as well as outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in an alkaline electrolyte. These superior ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalytic activities are attributed to the predesigned heteroatom catalytic active sites and high specific surface areas of NPF‐CNS. As a demonstration, a zinc‐air battery using the NPF‐CNS cathode displays a high peak power density of 144 mW cm−2 and great stability during 385 discharging/charging cycles, surpassing that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst.
A nitrogen, phosphorus, and fluorine tri‐doped carbon nanosphere (NPF‐CNS) is fabricated from a heteroatom‐enriched covalent triazine polymer by a one‐pot self‐doping strategy. Due to its abundant and uniformly distributed heteroatom electrocatalytic active centers, the as‐developed NPF‐CNS can readily work as an oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction dual‐functional electrocatalyst for a high‐performance rechargeable zinc‐air battery.
PDF
