Controlling and programming quantum devices to process quantum information by the unit of quantum dit, i.e., qudit, provides the possibilities for noise-resilient quantum communications, delicate ...quantum molecular simulations, and efficient quantum computations, showing great potential to enhance the capabilities of qubit-based quantum technologies. Here, we report a programmable qudit-based quantum processor in silicon-photonic integrated circuits and demonstrate its enhancement of quantum computational parallelism. The processor monolithically integrates all the key functionalities and capabilities of initialisation, manipulation, and measurement of the two quantum quart (ququart) states and multi-value quantum-controlled logic gates with high-level fidelities. By reprogramming the configuration of the processor, we implemented the most basic quantum Fourier transform algorithms, all in quaternary, to benchmark the enhancement of quantum parallelism using qudits, which include generalised Deutsch-Jozsa and Bernstein-Vazirani algorithms, quaternary phase estimation and fast factorization algorithms. The monolithic integration and high programmability have allowed the implementations of more than one million high-fidelity preparations, operations and projections of qudit states in the processor. Our work shows an integrated photonic quantum technology for qudit-based quantum computing with enhanced capacity, accuracy, and efficiency, which could lead to the acceleration of building a large-scale quantum computer.
Bohr's complementarity is one central tenet of quantum physics. The paradoxical wave-particle duality of quantum matters and photons has been tested in Young's double-slit (double-path) ...interferometers. The object exclusively exhibits wave and particle nature, depending measurement apparatus that can be delayed chosen to rule out too-naive interpretations of quantum complementarity. All experiments to date have been implemented in the double-path framework, while it is of fundamental interest to study complementarity in multipath interferometric systems. Here, we demonstrate generalized multipath wave-particle duality in a quantum delayed-choice experiment, implemented by large-scale silicon-integrated multipath interferometers. Single-photon displays sophisticated transitions between wave and particle characters, determined by the choice of quantum-controlled generalized Hadamard operations. We characterise particle-nature by multimode which-path information and wave-nature by multipath coherence of interference, and demonstrate the generalisation of Bohr's multipath duality relation. Our work provides deep insights into multidimensional quantum physics and benchmarks controllability of integrated photonic quantum technology.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter and plays an important role in many physiological processes in mammals. Studies of its functions in plants are attracting ever growing interest, for ...example, its ability to enhance drought resistance in Arabidopsis. A general role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plant adaptive responses to drought stress has thereby increased our interest to delve into the possible interplay between H2S and miRNAs. Our results showed that treating wild type (WT) Arabidopsis seedlings with polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG8000) to simulate drought stress caused an increase in production rate of endogenous H2S; and a significant transcriptional reformation of relevant miRNAs, which were also triggered by exogenous H2S in WT. When lcd mutants (with lower H2S production rate than WT) were treated with PEG8000, they showed lower levels of miRNA expression changes than WT. In addition, we detected significant changes in target gene expression of those miRNAs and the corresponding phenotypes in lcd, including less roots, retardation of leaf growth and development and greater superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity under drought stress. We thereby conclude that H2S can improve drought resistance through regulating drought associated miRNAs in Arabidopsis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A simple chemical modification route to confer high hydrophobicity to crystalline cellulose surface was demonstrated using tunicin whiskers as model material. An alkyenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) ...aqueous emulsion was mixed with cellulose suspension, freeze-dried, and heated to 105 °C. The bulk degree of substitution (DS) was evaluated by FT-IR spectrometry, elemental analysis, and weight gain. The surface DS was quantified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface-acylated whiskers retained their morphological and crystalline integrity, but due to their surface acylation, they are readily dispersible in solvents of low polarity such as 1,4-dioxane. These whiskers can also be well dispersed in polystyrene to form a nanocomposite.
The role of demand response resources is particularly important under the new-type power system with new energy as the main source. Demand response resources are important for generation adequacy and ...can provide electricity capacity value for power system. The United States and the UK are the only countries in the world that offer capacity services from demand response resources as generation resources. Their experiences and lessons learned are of great significance to other countries and regions. This paper first analyzes the significance of DR resource participating in the capacity market from two perspectives: the development of demand response resources and system generation capacity. Secondly, a detailed analysis of the mechanism design of demand response resources in the US capacity market is presented and the development status of demand response resources since 2007 is provided, so as to provide meaningful reference for other countries and regions. Thirdly, this study introduces the current situation and dilemma of demand response resources in the capacity market of the UK, and provides corresponding suggestions so that demand response resources in other countries and regions can avoid repeating the pace of the UK in the capacity market. Finally, suggestions for demand response resources to participate in the capacity market are given from four aspects.
Accurate CO 2 tracking in electric substation construction is vital for climate efforts, using monocular SLAM for monitoring despite challenges like sunlight and complex terrain. Additionally, these ...methods typically yield only aggregate carbon emission data, thereby lacking the granularity necessary for precise monitoring throughout the construction process. These limitations compromise mapping accuracy and impede the integration of digital twins and IoT technologies. Addressing these issues, this paper proposed a methodology combining red, green, and blue (RGB) cameras and multi-camera collaboration with digital design systems, enhancing SLAM capabilities. The advanced technique integrated methods including overlap estimation, depth reasoning, noise reduction, and surface reconstruction to create accurate 3D models, enhancing scene reconstruction and real-time CO 2 tracking during construction and operation. Leveraging continuous on-site camera monitoring as a substitute for manual inspections, it significantly contributes to the compilation of a comprehensive carbon emission database within a digital twin framework. Experimental results confirmed the proposed method’s superiority over previous works in real-time CO 2 estimation, enhancing decision-making, resource management, and sustainable energy development. Overall, besides its application in substation construction for CO 2 monitoring, this methodology can also be applied to carbon tracking in various other construction projects.
To cope with the demand for large amount of flexibility regulation caused by high penetration of intermittent renewable energy, it is necessary to classify and measure the demand capacity for ...different regulation performance, and to reasonably allocate flexibility resources for different regions and different regulation capacities. This study proposes a flexibility demand analysis and regulation capacity sharing decisions between interconnected power systems considering differences in regulation performance. Firstly, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method is used to decompose the historical operating load curves of each sub-region, and the demand capacities of different regulation performances are calculated based on the obtained decomposition results of trend components and fluctuation components. Then, the probability density and the regulation demand capacity interval at different confidence levels are calculated based on the regulation capacity statistics of the sample of historical operation days. Finally, the regulation capacity sharing decisions between the interconnected regions are made based on the cost of various regulation resources in different sub-regions and the confidence level requirements of internal resources in sub-regions to meet regulation demand. A scenario based on the interconnection operation of two regional grids and the self-sufficiency rate of regulation capacity in each sub-region is no less than 0.95 confidence level is used to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrate that the regulation capacity demand considering the difference in regulation quality can provide a detailed basis for the cross-region deployment of different quality flexibility resources, and the total cost of regulation capacity of the regional grid after adopting the cross-region sharing decision model is reduced by about 4.51% compared with the system independent optimization model.
The game theory is a powerful and helpful approach to deal with the complicated relationship between participants efficiently. The Nash bargaining theory, one of the branches of cooperative game, is ...particularly suitable for the conflict of interest among the participants with interactive characteristics. This study analyzes the economic interaction between the community energy manager and the photovoltaic prosumers from a cooperative perspective. An incentive mechanism based on Nash bargaining theory to encourage the prosumers to actively participate in energy management is developed. In the proposed bargaining-based and cooperative model, the community energy manager as an integrated energy provider, is willing to give some rewards to the prosumers to stimulate them to cooperate with itself (i.e., the community energy manager). A photovoltaic prosumer who may behave as an energy buyer or seller determines the exchanged energy through bargaining with the community energy manager to achieve utility maximization. In the proposed model, the prosumers and the community energy manager are cooperative and mutually beneficial rather than a master-slave relationship. This study also provides an analysis of the relationship between the Nash bargaining problem and the social welfare function, illustrating that solving the Nash bargaining problem can obtain a social optimum. Moreover, a distributed algorithm with higher reliability and fault tolerance compared with the central approach is designed to solve the Nash bargaining problem with minimum information so that the privacy of the photovoltaic prosumers can be protected. Numerical studies based on realistic data demonstrate that both the photovoltaic prosumers and the community energy manager can obtain more benefits from the Nash bargaining cooperative model compared with a Stackelberg game method.
•Optimal decisions of the players based on Nash bargaining theory.•A model to help the prosumers to actively cooperate with the energy manager.•Relationship between social welfare and the Nash bargaining problem.•Obtaining social optimum through solving the proposed model.•Improving the benefits of the energy manager and prosumers.
•Two-stage method based on Nash bargaining theory to solve P2P trading is proposed.•The proposed model can incentivize the cooperation among players.•The optimal amounts of exchanged energy among the ...customers can be obtained.•Obtaining the optimal trading payments by solving the payments bargaining problem.•Social welfare maximization can be achieved through the proposed model.
In the traditional power system, the end users are independent individuals without any interaction. While the development of communication and information technology brings many possibilities for the interaction and cooperation among these individuals. This study explores the interaction and cooperative relationship among the prosumers and consumers within a community in the Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy sharing trading. In the community, a customer would like to provide some payoffs to encourage other customers to exchange certain amounts of energy to obtain more profits. We propose a two-stage optimization approach on the optimal strategies to maximize their utilities in the P2P energy sharing trading. In the first-stage optimization model, the decision on whether to participate in the P2P energy sharing trading is obtained based on the maximization of social utility function. Meanwhile, the optimal amounts of exchanged energy also can be obtained. In the second-stage optimization model, we provide an analysis of the optimal associated trading payments based on a payments bargaining model. Both of the above two optimization problems are solved based on a distributed algorithm respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that the customers who participate in P2P energy sharing trading can improve their utilities compared with an individual optimization method based on a case study.
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