Mammals exhibit different rates of cancer, with long-lived species generally showing greater resistance. Although bats have been suggested to be resistant to cancer due to their longevity, this has ...yet to be systematically examined. Here, we investigate cancer resistance across seven bat species by activating oncogenic genes in their primary cells. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that Myotis pilosus (MPI) is particularly resistant to cancer. The transcriptomic and functional analyses reveal that the downregulation of three genes (HIF1A, COPS5, and RPS3) largely contributes to cancer resistance in MPI. Further, we identify the loss of a potential enhancer containing the HIF1A binding site upstream of COPS5 in MPI, resulting in the downregulation of COPS5. These findings not only provide direct experimental evidence for cancer resistance in a bat species but also offer insights into the natural mechanisms of cancer resistance in mammals.
A 12‐week feeding trial was performed to determine the dietary copper (Cu) requirement of postlarval coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The postlarvae were reared on six experimental diets ...containing either 0.4, 1.9, 3.8, 5.6, 7.6 or 9.1 mg Cu/kg, provided as copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O). The highest specific growth rate (SGR) and condition factor (CF) were observed in fish fed with 5.6 mg Cu/kg diet, which was significantly higher (p < .05) than the 0.4 mg Cu/kg treatment. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed an inverse trend with SGR. Whole‐body lipid was significantly increased (p < .05) with dietary Cu concentration up to 5.6 mg/kg and decreased thereafter. Fish fed with 9.1 mg Cu/kg diet exhibited the highest Cu concentrations in vertebrae and whole body. The total hepatic superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were positively affected by the dietary Cu concentration up to 5.6 and 7.6 mg/kg respectively. The lowest hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found in 5.6 mg/kg treatment. Hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) contents significantly decreased (p < .05) with increasing Cu level up to 5.6 mg/kg and then levelled off. Analyses based on the SGR, Cu concentrations in whole body and vertebrae, the optimal dietary Cu requirements for postlarval coho salmon were estimated to be 5.1, 5.5 and 5.2 mg/kg respectively.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Efficient and effective radar emitter recognition is critical for electronic support measurement (ESM) systems. However, in complex electromagnetic environments, intercepted pulse trains generally ...contain substantial data noise, including spurious and missing pulses. Currently, radar emitter recognition methods utilizing traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) like CNNs and RNNs are susceptible to data noise and require intensive computations, posing challenges to meeting the performance demands of modern ESM systems. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) exhibit stronger representational capabilities compared to traditional ANNs due to the temporal dynamics of spiking neurons and richer information encoded in precise spike timing. Furthermore, SNNs achieve higher computational efficiency by performing event-driven sparse addition calculations. In this paper, a lightweight spiking neural network is proposed by combining direct coding, leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons, and surrogate gradients to recognize radar emitters. Additionally, an improved SNN for radar emitter recognition is proposed, leveraging the local timing structure of pulses to enhance adaptability to data noise. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over existing methods.
Biaryl scaffolds are prevalent in natural products and drug molecules, and biaryl-containing compounds have been shown to exhibit diverse and interesting biological activities. To date, numerous ...synthetic methods, particularly direct C–H bond activation, have been developed for the construction of such scaffolds, due to their interesting structural features and biological profiles. We highlight herein recent advances in the construction of biologically important biaryl fragments through direct C–H bond activation and also demonstrate the application of direct C–H arylation in the total synthesis of biaryl-containing natural products and drug molecules.
Graphic Abstract
Selected biaryl-containing compounds
Long-wavelength orange-red emissions of carbon dots have recently attracted great attention due to their wide applications. Although it is possible to achieve long-wavelength luminescence by varying ...the incident excitation wavelength, excitation-independency is highly desired in terms of both practical applications and understanding emission mechanisms. In the present work, carbon dots with excitation wavelength independent orange and blue dual-color emissions were synthesized by a facile solvothermal route using p-phenylenediamine as carbon source and formamide as solvent. Structural and spectroscopic characterizations indicated that N- and O-related surface-state controlling via modifying reacting temperature/time was responsible for the dual-color emissions of carbon dots. Moreover, carbon solid film, retaining original orange emissions, was fabricated to explore its possible application as color converter in solid-state lighting. Impressively, by combining orange carbon film and yellow phosphor-in-glass with an InGaN blue chip, light-emitting diode devices with improved color-rendering index and correlated color temperature were successfully constructed.
Tumor-associated myeloid cells maintain immunosuppressive microenvironments within tumors. Identification of myeloid-specific receptors to modulate tumor-associated macrophage and myeloid-derived ...suppressor cell (MDSC) functions remains challenging. The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B (LILRB) family members are negative regulators of myeloid cell activation. We investigated how LILRB targeting could modulate tumor-associated myeloid cell function. LILRB2 antagonism inhibited receptor-mediated activation of SHP1/2 and enhanced proinflammatory responses. LILRB2 antagonism also inhibited AKT and STAT6 activation in the presence of M-CSF and IL-4. Transcriptome analysis revealed that LILRB2 antagonism altered genes involved in cell cytoskeleton remodeling, lipid/cholesterol metabolism, and endosomal sorting pathways, as well as changed differentiation gene networks associated with inflammatory myeloid cells as opposed to their alternatively activated phenotype. LILRB2 blockade effectively suppressed granulocytic MDSC and Treg infiltration and significantly promoted in vivo antitumor effects of T cell immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, LILRB2 blockade polarized tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells from non-small cell lung carcinoma tumor tissues toward an inflammatory phenotype. Our studies suggest that LILRB2 can potentially act as a myeloid immune checkpoint by reprogramming tumor-associated myeloid cells and provoking antitumor immunity.
Summary
Renewable and low‐cost lignocellulosic wastes have attractive applications in bioethanol production. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most widely used ethanol‐producing microbe; ...however, its fermentation temperature (30–35°C) is not optimum (40–50°C) for enzymatic hydrolysis in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process. In this study, we successfully performed an SSF process at 42°C from a high solid loading of 20% (w/v) acid‐impregnated steam explosion (AISE)‐treated rice straw with low inhibitor concentrations (furfural 0.19 g l−1 and acetic acid 0.95 g l−1) using an isolate Pichia kudriavzevii SI, where the ethanol titre obtained (33.4 gp l−1) was nearly 39% greater than that produced by conventional S. cerevisiae BCRC20270 at 30°C (24.1 gp l−1). In addition, P. kudriavzevii SI exhibited a high conversion efficiency of > 91% from enzyme‐saccharified hydrolysates of AISE‐treated plywood chips and sugarcane bagasse, although high concentrations of furaldehydes, such as furfural 1.07–1.21 g l−1, 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural 0.20−0.72 g l−1 and acetic acid 4.80–7.65 g l−1, were present. This is the first report of ethanol fermentation by P. kudriavzevii using various acid‐treated lignocellulosic feedstocks without detoxification or added nutrients. The multistress‐tolerant strain SI has greater potential than the conventional S. cerevisiae for use in the cellulosic ethanol industry.
An isolate Pichia kudriavzevii SI can produce 33.4 gp l−1 at 42°C by SSF process from a high solid loading of 20% (w/v) acid‐impregnated steam explosion (AISE)‐treated rice straw. P. kudriavzevii SI also exhibited a high conversion efficiency of > 91% from enzyme‐saccharified hydrolysates of AISE‐treated plywood chips and sugarcane bagasse in the presence of high concentrations of lignocellulose‐derived inhibitors.
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•Boronate affinity controllable-oriented imprinting magnetic nanoparticle (BCEMN) is obtained.•Boronic acid modified/polyethylene glycol coated allochroic-graphene oxide (BPAO) is ...prepared.•BCEMN linked BPAO strategy is used for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of ellagic acid.•Compared with HPLC, this proposed method is more sensitive, lower cost, and less time-consuming.
Herein, we integrate boronate-affinity controllable-oriented ellagic acid-imprinted magnetic nanoparticles (BCEMN) and boronic acid-modified / polyethylene glycol-coated allochroic-graphene oxide (BPAO) for specific and ultrasensitive detection of ellagic acid (EA). The novel detection method depends on a dual boronate-affinity sandwich strategy. The symmetric EA is first specifically captured by the BCEMN based on the boronate-affinity-related molecularly imprinted recognition, and then labeled with BPAO due to the boronate-affinity recognition. The BPAO, which is functionalized with 2,6-difluoro-4-formyl-phenylboronic acid, loaded with a large amount of pH-sensitive thymol phthalide and coated with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol, can specifically recognize the cis-diol of EA at physiological condition (pH 7.4) and perform signal amplification and readout through pH-triggered allochroism. Furthermore, the signal readout of allochroism is linear with the logarithm of EA concentration over the range between 0.02 ng mL−1 to 104 ng mL−1 with a good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.993), and the limit of detection (LOD) is 2.96 pg mL−1. Finally, the BCEMN linked BPAO (BCBP) strategy has also been successfully applied in the detection of EA concentration in spiked strawberry sample with recovery and relative standard deviation in the range of 84.9%–110.2% and 3.9%–6.1%, respectively.
Nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices were fabricated by implanting a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of functional dithienylethene (DTE) derivative on the gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) surface in a ...pentacene-based organic transistor. The Au-NPs and DTE served as a charge-trapping medium and tunneling barrier layer, respectively. The transfer characteristic of the NVM device showed a narrow hysteresis window and wide memory window, indicating that the DTE-SAM served as a variable barrier layer to regulate the trapping and detrapping of external free charges at the Au-NPs. The energy gap introduced by the DTE-SAM is modulated through photoisomerization between a ring-open form and a ring-closed form by absorbing UV or visible light. For a memory device, the ring-closed DTE allows more free charge injection into the trapping sites, and the ring-open one better retains the trapped charges. A longer anchoring alkanethiol chain at the DTE moiety can further extend the device’s retention time. For the NVM operation, programming with the ring-closed DTE and then switching the DTE structure to the ring-open form for erasing can facilitate the charge trapping and charge retention with the same molecule compared to operating all in the ring-open form or all in the ring-closed form of DTE. The structural characterization and electronic characteristics of these devices are discussed in detail.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in males worldwide, and its development and progression involve the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. Alterations in lipid ...metabolism affect the proliferation and metastatic capabilities of PCa cells. Cancer cells increase lipid synthesis and regulate fatty acid oxidation to meet their growth and energy demands. Similarly, changes occur in amino acid metabolism in PCa. Cancer cells exhibit an increased demand for specific amino acids, and they regulate amino acid transport and metabolic pathways to fulfill their proliferation and survival requirements. These changes are closely associated with disease progression and treatment response in PCa cells. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of the metabolic characteristics of PCa is expected to offer novel insights and approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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