Objective.—The role of psychological factors related to headache has long been a focus of investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate depression, automatic thoughts, alexithymia, and ...assertiveness in persons with tension‐type headache and to compare the results with those from healthy controls.
Methods.—One hundred five subjects with tension‐type headache (according to the criteria of the International Headache Society classification) and 70 controls were studied. The Beck Depression Inventory, Automatic Thoughts Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Rathus Assertiveness Schedule were administered to both groups. Sociodemographic variables and headache features were evaluated via a semistructured scale.
Results.—Compared with healthy controls, the subjects with headache had significantly higher scores on measures of depression, automatic thoughts, and alexithymia and lower scores on assertiveness. Subjects with chronic tension‐type headache had higher depression and automatic thoughts scores than those with episodic tension‐type headache.
Conclusions.—These findings suggested that persons with tension‐type headache have high depression scores and also may have difficulty with expression of their emotions. Headache frequency appears to influence the likelihood of coexisting depression.
The aim of the present study was to test the effect of heat conditioning before and after the induction of hyperalgesia. Three different methods were used for induction of hyperalgesia, topical ...capsaicin, intradermal capsaicin injection, and a controlled heat injury. The vascular (blood flow and skin temperature) and sensory changes (area of secondary hyperalgesia and ongoing pain) associated with the cutaneous hyperalgesia were compared. Each experiment consisted of two randomized sessions separated by at least 2 days. In one session, pre-conditioning of the skin by heat was performed 30 min before the induction of hyperalgesia using a probe at 45°C for 5 min in the center of the expected primary hyperalgesic area. After the induction of hyperalgesia, heat conditioning was performed twice in the center of the primary hyperalgesic area using a temperature of 2°C above the present individual pain threshold. On the contra-lateral arm, no heat conditioning was applied while hyperalgesia was induced using the same method. This session was evaluated as a control. The preconditioning induced an increased skin temperature in the primary area for both topical capsaicin and the controlled heat injury. Postconditioning caused increased blood flow in the secondary hyperalgesic area for the topical capsaicin method and increased blood flow in the primary hyperalgesic area for the controlled heat injury method. However, conditioning with heat in an attempt to increase the C-fiber input did not have any effect on the ongoing pain ratings and sensory test results in any of the methods. The results of the present study suggest that there is still a need for a better experimental model with more stable allodynia both between sessions and between subjects while at the same time minimizing discomfort to the volunteer.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Safe and efficient use of spinal drugs requires neurotoxicologic animal studies before ethical application. We have evaluated the neurotoxicologic interruptions of intrathecal administration of ...midazolam in rabbits. Eighteen white New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups consisting of six rabbits each. In conscious animals, 0.3 ml 0.9% normal saline solution, 0.3 ml 0.1% midazolam (Roche, Dormicum) or 0.3 ml preservative free midazolam were intrathecally administered. Light and fluorescence microscopy evaluations were performed on transverse spinal cord sections by a neurohistopathologist in a blind fashion. Midazolam and preservative free midazolam treated rabbits showed significant histologic changes in light and fluorescence microscopy. The histologic and vascular lesions with the use of midazolam and preservative free midazolam suggested neurotoxic effects; thus chronic intrathecal administration of midazolam should be avoided in humans.
To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Turkey and to establish screening criteria for this condition.
A prospective cohort study (TR-ROP) was ...performed between 1 April 2016 and 30 April 2017 in 69 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Infants with a birth weight (BW)≤1500 g or gestational age (GA)≤32 weeks and those with a BW>1500 g or GA>32 weeks with an unstable clinical course were included in the study. Predictors for the development of ROP were determined by logistic regression analyses.
The TR-ROP study included 6115 infants: 4964 (81%) with a GA≤32 weeks and 1151 (19%) with a GA>32 weeks. Overall, 27% had any stage of ROP and 6.7% had severe ROP. A lower BW, smaller GA, total days on oxygen, late-onset sepsis, frequency of red blood cell transfusions and relative weight gain were identified as independent risk factors for severe ROP in infants with a BW≤1500 g. Of all infants, 414 needed treatment and 395 (95.4%) of the treated infants had a BW≤1500 g. Sixty-six (16%) of the treated infants did not fulfil the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity requirements for treatment.
Screening of infants with a GA≤34 weeks or a BW<1700 g appears to be appropriate in Turkey. Monitoring standards of neonatal care and conducting quality improvement projects across the country are recommended to improve neonatal outcomes in Turkish NICUs.
NCT02814929, Results.
This study investigates the assessment of uncertainty contribution in projected changes of high and low flows from parameterization of a hydrological model and inputs of ensemble regional climate ...models (RCM). An ensemble of climate projections including 15 global circulation model (GCM)/RCM combinations and two bias corrections (change factor (CF) and bias correction in mean (BC)) was used to generate streamflow series for a reference and future period using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model with the 25 best-fit parameter sets based on four objective functions. The occurrence time of high flows is also assessed through seasonality index calculation. Results indicated that the inputs of hydrological model from ensemble climate models accounts for greater contribution to the uncertainty related to projected changes in high flows comparing to the contribution from hydrological model parameterization. However, the uncertainty contribution is opposite for low flows, particularly for CF method. Both CF and BC increases the total mean variance of high and low flows. The variability in the occurrence time of high flows through RCMs is greater than the variability resulted from hydrological model parameters with and without statistical downscaling. The CF provides more accurate timing than BC and it shows the most pronounced changes in flood seasonality.
To evaluate the association between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the development of retinal vein occlusion (RVO).
Forty patients were included in the study. Forty age- and sex-matched ...healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. The RVO diagnosis was made clinically, based on the findings of fundus examination. The NLR and file records of the patients and the control group were compared.
The mean age of patients was 64 ± 12 years. Neutrophil levels were higher in RVO patients compared to the control subjects (5.1 ± 1.9 vs 3.6 ± 1.0, p<0.001). Lymphocyte levels were lower in RVO patients compared with the control subjects (2.0 ± 0.7 vs 2.6 ± 0.9, p = 0.005). The NLR was significantly higher in RVO patients compared with the control subjects (3.0 ± 2.7 vs 1.5 ± 0.3, p<0.001). According to the receiver operator characteristics curve analysis, the optimal cutoff value of NLR to predict RVO was >1.89, with 72.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
The current study demonstrated that higher NLR was associated with the development of RVO. The NLR may be used as a predictive tool for identifying risk for RVO.
History of mining in Anatolia goes back to the pre-pottery Neolithic in parallel to history of ancient civilizations in the region. Based on archaeological findings, native copper was the first metal ...used by humans, and right after, it was mined in central Anatolia. The mining of copper seemed to cause both the birth of metallurgy and powerful civilizations (e.g. Hittites, Assyrians, Lydians, Phrygians). Long-time mining of copper, lead, tin, gold and silver formed and left rich and valuable scientific and cultural heritages in Anatolia. They have been used efficiently in archaeological studies; however, miners’ towns need sustainable development now and the mining heritage could be a potential on it. In this study, potential of the mining geoheritages and some relevant geosites have been presented.
To evaluate the central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) of premature infants and to document correlation of them with gestational age, chronological age, and birth weight of ...infants. Using a hand-held applanation tonometer and a portable pachymeter, IOP and CCT of 170 premature infants were measured just before initial retinopathy of prematurity screening examination and re-measured 4 weeks after the first visit. The CCT and IOP were positively correlated during the first (
r
= 0.616,
p
< 0.001) and second (
r
= 0.564,
p
< 0.001) visits. The mean CCT at first and second visits were 568.1 ± 22.1 (527–628) and 561.6 ± 21.4 (520–619) µm, consecutively (
p
< 0.001). Gestational age, chronological age and birth weight of infants were found to be negatively correlated with CCT at first (
r
= −0.751,
p
< 0.001;
r
= −0.745,
p
< 0.001;
r
= −0.581,
p
< 0.001, consecutively) and second (
r
= −0.729,
p
< 0.001;
r
= −0.729,
p
< 0.001;
r
= −0.555,
p
< 0.001, consecutively) visits. The mean IOP at first and second visits were 14.1 ± 1.9 (11–19) and 13.7 ± 1.7 (11–18) mmHg, consecutively (
p
< 0.001). Gestational age, chronological age, and birth weight of infants were found to be negatively correlated with IOP at first (
r
= −0.724,
p
< 0.001;
r
= −0.715,
p
< 0.001;
r
= −0.558,
p
< 0.001, consecutively) and second (
r
= −0.704,
p
< 0.001;
r
= −0.703,
p
< 0.001;
r
= −0.518,
p
< 0.001, consecutively) visits. CCT and IOP of the premature infants with a smaller gestational age were found to be higher (
p
< 0.001 for both). Premature infants with smaller gestational age have higher CCT and IOP values when compared to older infants. These values tend to become lower 4 weeks after the first examination as infants become older. The CCT and IOP were positively correlated with each other and both were negatively correlated with gestational age, chronological age, and birth weight during first and second visits.
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