In this study, the temperature dependence of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) for samples of binary, ternary, and quadruple glass wools reinforced with aluminium foil was examined. The ...experiments were realized by the guarded hot plate in temperature differences of 5, 10 and 15
°C and the temperatures of 25 and 40
°C. The results revealed that in the case of reinforcing the aluminium foil, ETC increased with increasing the temperature or changing of temperature difference (5, and 15
°C). Also, an increase of additional layers decrease its' influence on low temperature. Consequently, reflectivity materials may increase or reduce ETC.
The objectives of this study were investigation the effects of microwave output powers on drying kinetics of yoghurt, selecting the best fitted thin-layer model to characterize the drying behavior of ...yoghurt and determination of the activation energy and effective diffusivity. In order to achieve these objectives, low-fat yoghurt was dried by using domestic microwave oven at different microwave output powers (100, 180 and 300 W). Average drying rates were determined as 1.49, 4.43 and 7.90 g H2O m-2 s-1 for microwave output powers of 100, 180 and 300 W, respectively. The effective moisture diffusivities were determined as 3.30 x 10-9, 6.62 x 10-9 and 1.15 x 10-8 m2 s-1 for 100, 180 and 300 W, respectively. The Ea of yoghurt was found as 3.62 W g-1. Midilli and others model was selected as best fitted model due to highest values of R2 and low values of χ2, RMSE and RSS.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of craniofacial structure and nasal septal deviation on frontal sinus morphology 3-dimensionally. This study of anatomy, anthropology, ...morphology, and radiology included 74 dry skulls as study sample. The craniofacial measurements were made through conventional anthropometric methods by the use of calipers. The nasal septal deviation measurements were done by computerized software on photographs taken from frontal view. Frontal sinus volumes were estimated by the computerized tomography-based volumetry. The relationships between craniofacial structure, nasal septal deviation, and frontal sinus morphology were tested by linear regression and correlation analysis. The analysis of numerical variables and categorical variables within different groups was done by Mann-Whitney U/Kruskal-Wallis, and χ2 tests, respectively. There appeared a positive relationship between the dimensions of the frontal sinuses and the maximal cranial length and the nasal height especially on the left side (P < .05). However, after multivariate linear regression model for both factors was created, solely the nasal height kept being a positive factor for frontal sinus size as an independent variable. No statistical relevance was detected between the presence of metopic suture and frontal sinus morphology. Septal deviation itself affected frontal sinus morphometry, but the morphometry did not differ between the deviation side and the opposite side. In conclusion, the cranial structure does not affect the frontal sinus morphology but nasal structure affects. The true influences, among measured craniofacial elements, in relationship with the pneumatization of frontal sinus are appeared to be the nasal structure related.
Intuitions play an important role in both traditional and experimental philosophy, and they could provide evidence for or against philosophical theories. In recent years, there has been frequent ...debate about the evidential role of intuitions in experimental philosophy. Experimental philosophers have investigated the evidential value of intuitions by determining whether they are influenced by certain factors. These experimental studies have reported that extraneous factors, such as cultural background, gender, age, and the presentation order of thought experiments can influence intuitions. This has called the reliability of intuitions into question. The use of intuitions in experimental studies divides experimental philosophy into two camps: the positive programme and the negative programme. The positive programme, as an extension of traditional philosophy, posits that philosophers should use intuitions in philosophical investigations to understand what people think about certain concepts and obtain evidence for future theorising. On the other hand, the negative programme suggests that intuitions are not reliable sources of evidence, and philosophers should be careful of using them as evidence in studies. Thus, the negative programme attempts to challenge intuition-based traditional philosophy. This has led to the development of a counterargument, the expertise defence, which claims that previous experimental studies have reported intuitional diversity because experimental philosophers recruited data from ordinary people (non-philosophers) whose intuitions are not philosophically relevant. Consequently, the discussion of the unreliability of intuitions has evolved into a discussion of expert intuitions. The proponents of the expertise defence state that non-philosophers are more easily influenced by extraneous factors than philosophers are; therefore, experiments should instead be conducted with philosophers as participants. With regard to the expertise defence, there has been great debate about whether or not philosophers' and non-philosophers' epistemic intuitions differ. In light of this, in this dissertation, I argue that philosophers' epistemic intuitions might differ from those of non-philosophers due to their philosophical training. This argument requires empirical investigation, which is the essence of this dissertation. In order to examine whether philosophers and non-philosophers have different epistemic intuitions, I designed a mixed-method experimental study, using both quantitative and qualitative analysis tools. While the quantitative results revealed that there is a significant difference between philosophers' and non-philosophers' epistemic intuitions (p < .05), the qualitative results did not support this. This leads to three conclusions: first, epistemic intuitions vary as the negative programme argued; second, the qualitative results indicate that the difference between philosophers' and non-philosophers' epistemic intuitions are not entirely due to philosophical training; and third, experimental studies' methodology should be improved by adding qualitative tools to the survey-based study design.
To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and safety of latanoprost, travoprost given every evening, and the fixed combination dorzolamide + timolol (DTFC) given twice daily in ...pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG).
This randomized, prospective, investigator-masked study has been conducted with 50 PXG patients. Patients were assigned to one of three groups: travoprost 0.004%, fixed combination of dorzolamide 2%+timolol 0.5%, or latanoprost 0.005% for 6 months. At baseline and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months of therapy, IOP (8 am, 10 am, 4 pm), blood pressures, and pulse rates were measured, and ophthalmologic examination was performed. The side effects were recorded at each visit.
Forty-two of the 50 patients initially enrolled completed this study. Withdrawn patients included one (latanoprost) for lack of efficacy, five (three travoprost, one latanoprost, one DTFC) for adverse events, and two (one latanoprost, one DTFC) for loss of follow-up. Each of the three drugs considerably reduced the IOP in PXG cases throughout the 6 months. Mean IOP reduction at 6 months was -9.3+/-2.9 mmHg in the travoprost group, -8.2+/-1.2 mmHg in the latanoprost group, and 11.5+/-3.3 mmHg in the DTFC group. Comparing the groups, DTFC is more effective than latanoprost and travoprost in lowering IOP (p<0.05). There was no difference between travoprost and latanoprost. The most common treatment-related adverse event was conjunctival hyperemia. Intensity of ocular hyperemia was greater in the travoprost group compared with the latanoprost and DTFC groups (p<0.05). There were no significant effects on systemic safety parameters.
The results demonstrated that DTFC is more effective in reducing IOP than latanoprost and travoprost. Latanoprost and travoprost had similar ocular hypotensive effects in patients with PXG. All three drugs were well tolerated; there were fewer ocular side effects attributable in the latanoprost group.
The aim of this study was to produce hot air (60-80°C and 20% ventilation rate) and microwave (120-700W) assisted foam mat dried avocado powders and to determine the effect of different drying ...temperatures and microwave powers on physical, functional, and powder properties of avocado powders. Significantly lower drying times were observed for the microwave assisted foam-mat dried avocado powder (p<0.05). Microwave assisted foam-mat dried avocado powders have superior properties in moisture content and flow properties (p<0.05), whereas comparatively better results were obtained for hot air assisted foam mat dried avocado powder for wettability and solubility times. The changes in ash content, pH, water holding capacity, bulk and tapped densities, Carr Index and Hausner Ratio values followed a quadratic trend depending on both drying temperature and microwave power. Principal component analysis indicated that there is a convenient relation between the avocado powders which were dried at different drying techniques and conditions.
Osteoporosis treatment in patients who have sustained a hip fracture has been reported to be less then 20%. The objective of this study is to determine the current rate of adherence to osteoporosis ...practice guidelines in elderly patients post-hip fracture who have undergone rehabilitation.
Osteoporosis treatment in patients who have sustained a hip fracture has been reported to be less then 20%. The objective of this study is to determine the current rate of adherence to osteoporosis practice guideline in elderly patients post-hip fracture who have undergone rehabilitation.
Osteoporosis therapy (any type) was prescribed to 90 (63%) patients, with bisphosphonates prescribed in 90% of these cases. Calcium and vitamin D was prescribed to 130 (90.9%) patients. Of all the study patients, 76 (53%) of patients had at least one contraindication to osteoporosis therapy identified. Having a diagnosis of osteoporosis was the only factor associated with receiving osteoporosis therapy (OR 13.3, p<0.001).
In this selected patient population the rates of osteoporosis treatment are higher than previously reported but remain suboptimal.
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