This study presents novel data on the microanatomy and ultrastructure of the omul Coregonus migratorius trunk kidney. Adult individuals of C. migratorius were sampled in the Barguzin Bay of Lake ...Baikal. Active leuko‐ and erythropoiesis were found in the interstitium of the mesonephros. For the first time, cells with radially arranged vesicles have been described in the renal interstitium of C. migratorius. The quantitative characteristics of blood cells and ultrastructural parameters of leukocytes reflected the functioning of the non‐specific defence system in the organism. The share of the renal interstitium, morphological diversity of the epithelial cells of the nephron tubules, the ultrastructural features of the renal corpuscles and nephron tubules and the number of mitochondria in leukocytes and ion‐transporting cells were typical for representatives of the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus complex and thus considered ancestral features of the present‐day C. migratorius population reflecting its adaptive potential to living in an ultra‐deep Lake Baikal.
Humic acids (HA), one of the major components of dissolved organic matter, can interfere with different metabolic pathways in aquatic animals, causing various biological effects. This study aimed to ...provide a molecular basis for HA-related responses in fish by analyzing changes in the blood plasma proteome following short-term exposure to environmentally relevant HA concentrations using the Japanese medaka
Hd-rR strain as a model organism. Proteomics data were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis employing a label-free quantification approach. HA caused dysregulation of proteins involved in various biological processes, including protein folding, signaling, transport, metabolism, regulation, immune response, and coagulation. The majority of the differentially abundant proteins were down-regulated, including those involved in humoral immunity and coagulation. HA caused the decrease of the complement cascade and membrane attack complex proteins abundance, as well as proteins participating in activation and regulation of secondary hemostasis. The most pronounced suppression was observed at the highest tested HA concentration.
Diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug, is often detected in natural waters in the ng/L to μg/L range, posing a threat to aquatic organisms. The study focused on the effects of diclofenac in a ...gastropod mollusk Radix balthica. A 72-h exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac caused deviations from the baseline activities of the studied enzymes in the digestive gland of snails. Acetylcholinesterase activity was induced by the end of exposure, with the most pronounced increase at 3 μg/L. Results on glutathione-S-transferase activity were nonuniform, and no significant variations were observed in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations, indicating that diclofenac did not cause oxidative stress in the digestive gland of R. balthica at 0.04–4 μg/L range. Diclofenac lowered the oxygen consumption rate in snails in a concentration-dependent manner. At concentrations ≥0.9 μg/L, animals attempted to switch aquatic respiration to breathing air to regulate their metabolic needs. The study showed that diclofenac at environmentally relevant concentrations affected the fitness of R. balthica.
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•Diclofenac lowered oxygen consumption rate in snails.•At 3 μg/L, diclofenac induced AChE activity in the digestive gland.•No increase in TBARS concentration occurred in response to diclofenac at 0.04–4 μg/L.
One of the top ecological priorities is to find sensitive indicators for pollution monitoring. This study focuses on the bioconcentration and responses (condition index, survival, oxygen consumption, ...heart rates, and oxidative stress and neurotoxic effect biomarkers) of mussels from the Volga River basin, Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis, to long-term exposure to toxic chemicals such as tributyltin (TBT, 25 and 100 ng/L) and copper (Cu, 100 and 1000 μg/L). We found that TBT was present in the tissues of zebra and quagga mussels in comparable amounts, whereas the bioconcentration factor of Cu varied depending on its concentration in water. Differences in responses between the two species were revealed. When exposed to high Cu concentrations or a Cu-TBT mixture, quagga mussels had a lower survival rate and a longer heart rate recovery time than zebra mussels. TBT treatment caused neurotoxicity (decreased acetylcholinesterase activity) and oxidative stress (increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in both species. TBT and Cu levels in mussel tissues correlated positively with the condition index, but correlated with the level of acetylcholinesterase in the mussel gills. The principal component analysis revealed three main components: the first consists of linear combinations of 14 variables reflecting TBT water pollution, TBT and Cu levels in mussel tissues, and biochemical indicators; the second includes Cu water concentration, cardiac tolerance, and mussel size; and the third combines weight, metabolic rate, and heart rates. Quagga mussels are less tolerable to contaminants than zebra mussels, so they may be used as a sensitive indicator.
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•Two dreissenids showed significant responses to tributyltin (TBT) and copper exposure.•25–100 ng/L TBT caused neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in quagga and zebra mussels.•TBT and Cu levels in mussels correlated with the condition and metabolic parameters.•High Cu and its mix with TBT caused low survival rate and cardiac tolerance in quagga.•Quagga was less tolerable than the zebra mussel and may be a better indicator species.
This study presents the dynamics of hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity levels in bream, Abramis brama L., with an emphasis on between-sex differences, over a year-long sampling period. ...Seasonal changes in ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity were observed, possibly related to both internal and external factors. Significant fluctuations were witnessed in spring and summer in males and females, likely determined by changes in sex hormone levels and water temperature. Almost invariable enzyme activity was seen in bream in autumn. Two peaks in ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity were registered in females in winter and early spring, while males demonstrated a gradual increase. Such marked variability manifested in females during an ice-cover period might be associated with the endogenous control of oocyte maturation by the endocrine system. Present study provides a basis for more accurate interpretation of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase induction in bream when using this endpoint in the field studies.
The study focuses on the microanatomy and ultrastructural changes in the trunk kidney interstitium cells and nephrons in parr, smolt, and spawning brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) sampled in ...Luga River and Solka River, the tributaries of the Baltic Sea. Regardless of the type of cells or their structure, there were changes in their areas and in the number and structure of organelles responsible for the transport, synthetic, and energetic functions of cells. Our data on the morphology of the nephron combined with data on its physiology suggest a fundamental change in kidney function during the parr–smolt transformation before migration; this could be a pre-adaptation for a successful life in saltwater where urine output is sharply reduced. Thus, detected structural features of the trunk kidney in S. trutta are cytological markers of the migration process. The numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils with segmented nuclei increased from parr to smolts and then to spawners; only monotypic specific granules in neutrophils were found in smolts and spawners. Cells with radially arranged vesicles were described for the first time in S. trutta renal interstitium. Their origin has not yet been established. The shape of these cells changed from spherical to trihedral during fish maturation. All the above ultrastructural changes of renal interstitium cells could be considered cytological markers of cell maturity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The dataset contains microclimate parameters including air temperature, relative humidity and dew point measurements from a large wetland, Shichengskoe mire system, in Vologda Region, Russia, during ...four vegetation periods. Data were collected in 2013–2015 and 2017 using DT-171 data loggers (Elma Instruments). Data loggers were attached to the wooden posts at 0.5 m height from the surface. Continuous recordings were performed every 30 min providing 48 measurements of air temperature, relative humidity and dew point per day. The dataset presented in the article is of particular value to understanding the heterogeneity of abiotic parameters within mire systems.
Data on total weight and standard length of freshwater bream and perch, two of the most abundant fish species in the Volga River basin, were collected monthly from April 2016 to May 2017. Fish were ...caught using gill-nets with 50 and 80 mm mesh sizes. Linear regression analysis of log-transformed values was performed. Regression slope and intercept were used to obtain length-weight relationships and mean condition factors. The data can be used for calculation of the relative weights of given species and further efforts to develop a mathematical model for the Volga River ecosystem.
This article presents data on the mesonephros histology and ultrastructure in the Atlantic salmon from the Baltic Sea and Barents Sea populations, with an emphasis on comparisons between the ...following ontogenetic stages: parr, smolting, adult life at sea, the adults' return to their natal river to spawn, and spawning. The ultrastructural changes in the renal corpuscle and cells of the proximal tubules of the nephron occurred as early as the smolting stage. Such changes reflect fundamental alterations during the pre-adaptation to life in saltwater. In the Barents Sea population, the adult salmon sampled in the sea had the smallest diameters of the renal corpuscle and proximal and distal tubules, the most narrow urinary space, and the thickest basement membrane. In the group of salmon that entered the mouth of the river and spent less than 24 h in freshwater, the structural rearrangements occurred only in the distal tubules. Better development of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a greater abundance of mitochondria in the tubule cells were observed in the adult salmon from the Barents Sea compared to those from the Baltic Sea. Cell-immunity activation was initiated during the parr-smolt transformation. Another pronounced innate-immunity response was registered in the adults returning to the river to spawn.
Seasonal changes in several physiological endpoints of the perch
Perca fluviatilis
in the temperate climatic conditions were examined. Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, ...catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase) varied dramatically throughout the annual cycle. Driven by internal and external factors, the greatest values of the studied characteristics were timed to the periods of spawning and elevated water temperature. The results of this study showed high plasticity of the fish’s antioxidant system, which allows the perch to bear naturally occurring oxidative stress.
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