The aim of this study is to see how government spending on education, health, and social security affects ratios in Indonesia. The third sector has a critical role to play in reducing the dependency ...ratio. It also aims to lower unemployment and poverty rates. This study uses the GMM panel data model. This model can determine the dynamic response of the ratio that comes from a number of variables. This study uses data from 33 provinces from 2010 to 2018. The results show that government spending in the education and health sectors has a positive effect on the dependency ratio, both in the short and long term. Social security has a significant effect on the dependency ratio in the long term, but not in the short term. Government spending in the education sector and health sector and social security sector have a positive and significant effect on disease and illness. The study's findings show a high level of poverty with a large standard deviation. The high ratio value is due to the large number of restrictions placed on a number of regions. Each province has made a significant contribution to overcoming these challenges, particularly in terms of the comparative ratio.
The budget deficit is closely related to expansionary fiscal policy as a fiscal instrument to encourage economic growth. This study aims to apply optimal control theory in the Keynesian macroeconomic ...model for the economy, so that optimal growth can be found. Macroeconomic variables include GDP, consumption, investment, exports, imports, and budget deficit as control variables. This study uses secondary data in the form of time series, the time period 1990 to 2018. Performing optimal control will result in optimal fiscal policy. The optimal determination is done through simulation, for the period 2019–2023. The discrete optimal control problem is to minimize the objective function in the form of a quadratic function against the deviation of the state variable and control variable from the target value and the optimal value. Meanwhile, the constraint is Keynes’ macroeconomic model. The results showed that the optimal value of macroeconomic variables has a deviation from the target values consisting of: consumption, investment, exports, imports, GDP, and budget deficit. The largest deviation from the average during the simulation occurs in GDP, followed by investment, exports, and the budget deficit. Meanwhile, the lowest average deviation is found in imports. KCI Citation Count: 0
The budget deficit is closely related to expansionary fiscal policy as a fiscal instrument to encourage economic growth. This study aims to apply optimal control theory in the Keynesian macroeconomic ...model for the economy, so that optimal growth can be found. Macroeconomic variables include GDP, consumption, investment, exports, imports, and budget deficit as control variables. This study uses secondary data in the form of time series, the time period 1990 to 2018. Performing optimal control will result in optimal fiscal policy. The optimal determination is done through simulation, for the period 2019-2023. The discrete optimal control problem is to minimize the objective function in the form of a quadratic function against the deviation of the state variable and control variable from the target value and the optimal value. Meanwhile, the constraint is Keynes' macroeconomic model. The results showed that the optimal value of macroeconomic variables has a deviation from the target values consisting of: consumption, investment, exports, imports, GDP, and budget deficit. The largest deviation from the average during the simulation occurs in GDP, followed by investment, exports, and the budget deficit. Meanwhile, the lowest average deviation is found in imports.
This study aims to provide a basic understanding of the importance of organizational learning in producing quality zakat accounting information in Baitul Mal in Aceh. The methods used in this study ...are descriptive methods and explanatory research methods, and data will be collected by distributing questionnaires to zakat managers. who are members of the Baitul Mal institution. The data will be processed using a statistical tool, namely Partial Least Square (PLS) based on covariates. The results of this study prove that continuous organizational learning has an impact on the quality of information produced, this can be seen from the hypothesis test which shows that the organizational learning variable produces a number of 2.293 which is greater than the critical 1.65. Since the value of arithmetic is greater than critical, then at an error rate of 5% it is decided to reject Ho. So based on the test results, it can be concluded that organizational learning has a significant effect on the quality of zakat accounting information in Baitul Mal Aceh. So that the more frequent holding of training activities, seminars and symposia as well as opportunities to continue formal education for zakat managers will affect the quality of zakat management financial statements so that the reports produced contain accurate, timely, relevant and complete information, which can be useful in decision making.
This study aims to provide a basic understanding of the importance of organizational learning in producing quality accounting information regarding zakat at Baitul Mal in Aceh. The purpose and ...objective of this study is to obtain findings and examine the impact of the model offered with the concept, the results of this study can be seen by how much impact organizational learning has in producing quality zakat accounting information. This study verifies whether the practice of organizational learning can produce quality accounting information. Verification is carried out by means of proof in the field. The method used in this research is descriptive method and explanatory research method, namely this research method wants to get a basic answer about the causes and effects of the factors causing the phenomenon raised in this study, data will be collected by distributing questionnaires to zakat managers who are members of the Baitul Mal institution. In Aceh, to obtain the results of this study, the data will be processed using a statistical tool, namely Partial Least Square (PLS) based on covariates. The results of this study prove that continuous organizational learning has an impact on the quality of the information produced, this can be seen from the hypothesis test showing that the organizational learning variable produces a number of 2.293 which is greater than the tcritical 1.65. Because the value of tarithmetic is greater than tcritical, then at an error rate of 5% it was decided to reject Ho. So based on the test results it can be concluded that organizational learning has a significant effect on the quality of zakat accounting information at the Baitul Mal in Aceh.
The World oil prices shocks is believed become the main important role to movements marketing margins of agricultural commodities, include coffee. We aim to investigate the impact of world oil prices ...shocks on coffee marketing margins for Indonesia. We decompose world oil prices into positive and negative shocks to investigate the asymmetric impacts on marketing margins. For this aims, we adopt a NARDL model to capture the asymmetric impacts both in long and short run. We found that a decrease in oil price has a positive and significant impact on marketing margins, while a decrease in oil price has a significant negative impact. An increase in world oil prices lead to reduce marketing margins. Similarly, a decrease in world oil prices, also impact on the reduction of marketing margins. We therefore conclude that impacts of world oil prices shocks on marketing margins not only asymmetric in magnitude but also in direction. Particularly, the result of the NARDL estimation reveal that negative shock in oil prices has more pronounced impact than positive shocks on the reduction of marketing margin. This result implies that Indonesian coffee producers more benefit when the world oil price decreases compare than increases.
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