Tools, called ‘diet/dietary quality indices’, evaluate the level of adherence to a specified pattern or a set of recommendations in populations. Yet, there are no review studies providing unanimous ...comprehensive results of dietary indices on obesity. We reviewed observational studies, focusing on the association of diet quality indices with general obesity or abdominal obesity in adults. We systematically conducted a search in all English language publications available on MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science and Embase between January 1990 and January 2016. Among the wide variety of indices and weight-derived variables, studies with dietary-guideline-based indices and mean changes for weight gain or OR for general obesity and abdominal obesity were selected. From a total of 479 articles, thirty-four studies were selected for the current review, ten of which had prospective designs and twenty-six had cross-sectional designs. Associations of weight status with the original Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and other versions of the HEI including alternative HEI, HEI-2005 and HEI-05 were examined in thirteen studies, with ten studies revealing significant associations. The HEI was a better general obesity predictor in men than in women. Diet scores lacked efficacy in assessing overall diet quality and demonstrated no significant findings in developing countries, in comparison with US populations. In addition, indices based on dietary diversity scores were directly associated with weight gain. Despite the insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions about the relation between dietary indices and obesity, HEI was found to be inversely associated with obesity and diversity-based indices were positively associated with obesity.
This study was conducted to examine the association of adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) among an Iranian ...population.
We followed-up 1630 participants (50.5% women, mean age: 42.8 years) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study for 6.1 years, who were initially free of CKD. Baseline diet was assessed using a valid and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire. A DASH-style diet, based on scoring eight components (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes, low-fat dairy, red and processed meats, sweetened beverages and sodium) was used. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation and CKD was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Odds ratio (OR) using multivariable logistic regression was reported for the association of incident CKD with DASH-style diet score.
The incidence of CKD among those in the top quintile of the DASH-style diet was 30%, 18% lower than those in the bottom quintile. After controlling for age, sex, smoking, total energy intake, body mass index, eGFR, triglycerides, physical activity, hypertension and diabetes, adherence to the DASH-style diet was found to be inversely associated with incident CKD (OR: 0.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.24-0.70). In addition, higher scores of fruits, whole grains, nuts and legumes, sweetened beverages and sodium were inversely associated with incidence of CKD.
Results revealed that after 6.1 years of follow-up, adherence to the DASH-style diet was associated with a lower risk of incident CKD among adults.
Although dietary patterns have been linked to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, sparse data are available for a relationship between dietary patterns and incident chronic kidney ...disease (CKD) in West Asian populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of population-based dietary pattern with the risk of incident CKD after 6.1 years of follow-up.
At baseline, habitual dietary intakes of 1630 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) who were free of CKD was assessed by a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. The following three major dietary patterns were identified using a principal components analysis: Lacto-vegetarian dietary pattern, traditional Iranian dietary pattern, and high fat, high sugar dietary pattern. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated, using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation and CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m
. Odds ratio (OR) using multivariable logistic regression was calculated for the association of incident CKD with the extracted dietary patterns.
After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, total energy intake, physical activity, body mass index, diabetes, and hypertension the OR for participants in the highest compared with those in the lowest tertile of the lacto-vegetarian dietary pattern was 0.57 (95% confidence interval CI: 0.41 to 0.80, P-trend = 0.002). In contrast, the high fat, high sugar dietary pattern was positively associated with the incidence of CKD (OR for the third tertile compared with first tertile: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.03-2.09; P-trend = 0.036). Traditional Iranian dietary pattern was not associated with incident CKD.
The high fat, high sugar dietary pattern was associated with significantly increased (46%) odds of incident CKD, whereas a lacto-vegetarian dietary pattern may be protective against the occurrence of CKD by 43%.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Dairy consumption is inversely related to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in epidemiological research. One proposed hypothesis is that phospholipid (PL) species associated with dairy ...consumption mediate this relationship. This scoping review aimed to identify the existing literature in animal and human trials investigating the impact of dairy products, including milk, yogurt, and cheese as well as dairy-derived PL supplementation on PL and its species in the circulation, summarizing the characteristics of these studies and identifying research gaps. A systematic search was conducted across 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) in March 2021. Of 2,427 identified references, 15 studies (7 humans and 8 animal studies) met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final narrative synthesis. The evidence base was heterogeneous, involving a variety of clinical and preclinical studies, metabolically healthy or obese/diabetic participants or animal models, and displayed mixed findings. Circulating postprandial concentrations of total PL were elevated acutely but unchanged after longer intervention with dairy products. The PL concentration remained stable even after a high dosage of milk supplemented with dairy-derived PL, which may be related to increased fecal excretion; however, certain phosphatidylcholine (PC) or lysophosphatidylcholine species were increased in circulation by interventions. These include several PC species with 32 to 38 total carbons in addition to the dairy biomarkers C15:0 and C17:0. The results of this scoping review demonstrate a small body of literature indicating that dairy products can influence blood concentrations of PC and lysophosphatidylcholine species in both rodents and humans without alteration of total PL and PC. There is a lack of well-designed trials in humans and animals that explore the potential differences between individual dairy foods on PL species. In addition, trials to understand the bioactive properties of PC and lysophosphatidylcholine species on cardiometabolic risk are needed.
The link between dietary protein intake and the risk of kidney dysfunction is always a challenging issue. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between total protein, plant protein, and ...animal protein intake with the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD).
This study was performed on 1639 adults aged ≥27 years who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary data were evaluated using a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total protein content, plant protein, and animal protein of each participant were calculated. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 mL / min / 1.73 m
has been considered as the definition of CKD. Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated using logistic regression to show the association between the risk of incident CKD and dietary exposures.
After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, total energy intake, total fiber intake, dietary fat, physical activity, diabetes, and hypertension, there was no significant association of total protein and animal protein consumptions with the incidence of CKD. After adjustment for confounders, compared with the lowest tertile of plant protein consumption, OR of incident CKD in the highest tertile was 0.29 (95% confidence interval 95% CI 0.15 to 0.55) with a significant trend (P for trend < 0.001).
The results of this study confirmed an inverse association between plant protein intake and the risk of incident CKD, which demonstrates the protective role of plant-based protein in a diet on kidney function.
Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet has beneficial effects on the prevention of chronic diseases. In the current study, we investigated the association between the Mediterranean diet score ...(MDS) and the 6-year incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), conducted in the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study with 1212 adults, aged 30-71 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire, and all subjects received scores between 0 and 8 points based on the traditional MDS. The components of the MDS were fruits and nuts, vegetables, legumes, cereals, fish, meat, dairy products and the monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of CKD according to the quartiles of the MDS was assessed by multivariable logistic regression. The mean (s.d.) age of participants (51% male) at baseline was 43.5 (9.4) years. The median (25-75 interquartile range) of MDS for all subjects was 4 (3-5).The incidence of CKD was 19%. After adjustment for all potential confounding variables, individuals in the highest quartile of the MDS were 51% less likely to have CKD than those in the lowest quartile (OR=0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30-0.82). Additionally, after further adjustment for baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the inverse association between the MDS and the 6-year incidence of CKD remained significant (OR=0.53; 95% CI: 0.31-0.91). Our findings demonstrate a significant inverse association between the MDS and the risk of incident CKD, indicating that adherence to the Mediterranean diet has favorable effects on the prevention of kidney dysfunction.
The prevalence of obesity and its two important phenotypes, the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) are 10.9, 9.1, and 1.8%, respectively, among children and ...adolescents in Iran. Data on the link between diet quality indices and obesity phenotypes in children and adolescents is scarce. The present study aimed to assess the association of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score with MHO and MUO, as well as with cardiometabolic risk factors (RFs) in children and adolescents with excess weight. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 341 children and adolescents with excess weight aged 6-13 years, selected from primary schools of Tehran. The DASH score was determined based on eight components using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measures, insulin, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, and physical activity levels were collected. MUO was classified based on two definitions: having 2 or more cardiometabolic RFs, or being insulin resistant determined by a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) greater than or equai to 3.16. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MUO phenotypes and cardiometabolic RFs in each tertile of the DASH score after adjustment for confounders. The mean + or - SD for age and DASH score was 9.3 + or - 1.7 years and 24.0 + or - 4.9, respectively. The prevalence of MUO was 62.2% based on RFs, and 43.4% based on HOMA-IR. Participants in the highest tertile of the DASH score had significantly decreased odds for MUO based on HOMA-IR (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28-0.87) compared with those in the lowest tertile, after adjustment for confounders. However, there were no associations between the DASH score and any of cardiometabolic RFs, or MUO based on RFs (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.38-1.20). The DASH score was inversely associated with MUO based on HOMA-IR, but not associated with MUO based on cardiometabolic RFs in this sample of children and adolescents. A DASH-style diet may have favourable effects on insulin sensitivity among children and adolescents with excess weight. Universal definitions for MHO/MUO are required, and longitudinal studies recommended to shed light upon this subject.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between fast food consumption and incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among children and adolescents over a 3.6 year ...follow-up. Dietary data of 424 healthy subjects, aged 6-18 years, was collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Cook et al criteria. Consumption of fast foods including hamburgers, sausages, bologna (beef), and fried potatoes was calculated and further categorized to quartiles. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the incidence of MetS and its components in each quartile of fast food intake. The incidence of MetS was 11.3% after a 3.6 year follow up. In the fully adjusted model, compared to the lowest quartile of fast food intake, individuals in the highest had odds ratios of 2.96 (95% CI: 1.02-8.63; P for trend<0.001), 2.82 (95% CI: 1.01-7.87; P for trend = 0.037), and 2.58 (95% CI: 1.01-6.61; P for trend = 0.009) for incidence of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, and abdominal obesity, respectively. No significant association was found between fast food intakes and other components of MetS. Fast food consumption is associated with the incidence of MetS, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia in Tehranian children and adolescents.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
To assess the efficacy of different doses of vitamin D
3
on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH), calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations ...in overweight and obese school-children.
Methods
A total of 378 children and adolescents, 6–13 years of age, with age- and sex-specific body mass index(BMI) Z-score ≥ 1(according to the World Health Organization criteria) were allocated to receive 600, 1000, and 2000 IU vitamin D
3
/days. 25(OH)D, iPTH, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months. In this intention-to-treat analysis, we fitted a linear mixed effect model involving a random effect of participants within treatment groups and fixed effects of dose, time, and their interactions.
Results
Mean(SD) of age and BMI Z-score were 9.3 (1.7) years and 2.55 (0.73), respectively. The median (IQR) for 25(OH)D was 11.5 (8.9), 11.7 (10.5), 12.2 (10.2) ng/mL (28.75, 29.25, and 30.50 nmol/L) at baseline and 23.1 (8.0), 25.6 (8.3), 28.6 (10.4) ng/mL (57.75, 64.00, and 71.50 nmol/L) at the end of 12 months in 600, 1000, and 2000 IU, respectively (
p
values for dose, time, and the interaction being < 0.0001, < 0.0001,and 0.082, respectively). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was 80.2, 77.5, and 75.5% in 600, 1000, and 2000 IU groups at baseline, respectively, which decreased to 34, 18.4, and 7.5%, respectively, at 12 months. Patterns of iPTH, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase response over time did not differ significantly among groups (
p
values = 0.452, 0.670, 0.377, 0.895, respectively).
Conclusions
Increases in 25(OH)D concentration were found with supplementation of 1000 and 2000 IU, compared with 600 IU/days, whereas there was no evidence of iPTH suppression or change in serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase among children with excess weight.
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between micronutrient intakes and the 3.6-year incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. This cohort study was conducted, within ...the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, on 1692 subjects, aged ≥30 years, without CKD at the baseline. Dietary intakes were collected using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometrics and biochemical measurements were taken. Chronic kidney disease was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m². The mean age of participants was 43.3 ± 11.4 years. In the fully adjusted model, individuals in the top quintile of folate (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24-0.80), cobalamin (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.93), vitamin C (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21-0.69), vitamin E (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22-0.92), vitamin D (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.21-0.70), potassium (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23-0.97) and magnesium (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22-0.76) had decreased risk of CKD, and in the top quintile of sodium (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.03-2.61), subjects had increased risk of CKD, in comparison to the bottom quintile. No significant associations were found between the intakes of other micronutrients. High intake of several micronutrients including vitamins C, E, D, cobalamin, folate, magnesium, and potassium was associated with a decreased risk, while sodium was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD.
PDF
