Endogenous signals, namely nitric oxide (NO) and electrons, play a crucial role in regulating cell fate as well as the vascular and neuronal systems. Unfortunately, utilizing NO and electrical ...stimulation in clinical settings can be challenging due to NO's short half‐life and the invasive electrodes required for electrical stimulation. Additionally, there is a lack of tools to spatiotemporally control gas release and electrical stimulation. To address these issues, an “electromagnetic messenger” approach that employs on‐demand high‐frequency magnetic field (HFMF) to trigger NO release and electrical stimulation for restoring brain function in cases of traumatic brain injury is introduced. The system comprises a NO donor (poly(S‐nitrosoglutathione), pGSNO)‐conjugated on a gold yarn‐dynamos (GY) and embedded in an implantable silk in a microneedle. When subjected to HFMF, conductive GY induces eddy currents that stimulate the release of NO from pGSNO. This process significantly enhances neural stem cell (NSC) synapses' differentiation and growth. The combined strategy of using NO and electrical stimulation to inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis, and neuronal interrogation in traumatic brain injury is demonstrated in vivo.
An “electromagnetic messenger” approach utilizing high‐frequency magnetic fields (HFMF) to trigger nitric oxide (NO) release and electrical stimulation is developed for restoring brain function in traumatic brain injury. Upon exposure to HFMF, in vivo experiments demonstrated the combined strategy's effectiveness in inhibiting inflammation, angiogenesis, and neuronal interrogation in traumatic brain injury.
has been used as an ethnomedicine for lowering blood sugar. To clarify the bioactive chemical constituents contributing to lower blood sugar, chemical investigation on the fruiting bodies of
was ...conducted by chromatographic techniques, and led to the isolation of 14 compounds. Their structures were elucidated as triterpenoid lactones (
⁻
and
) and ganoderma acids (
⁻
and
⁻
) based on the analysis of extensive spectroscopy (mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV)) and comparison with literature data. Compounds
,
,
, and
⁻
were evaluated for
-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds
⁻
are new compounds. Compounds
⁻
and
were characteristic of an oxaspirolactone moiety, consisting of a five-membered ether ring, a five-membered lactone ring, and a characteristic C-23 spiro carbon. It is rare for natural products that such an oxaspirolactone moiety occurred in the lanostane-type triterpenoids. Compounds
⁻
and
⁻
may be important intermediates of the biosynthetic pathways of
⁻
and
. Compounds
and
showed more potent inhibitory activity against
-glucosidase compared with the positive control drug acarbose with IC
value of 0.75 ± 0.018 mM and 1.64 ± 0.022 mM, respectively.
Aberrant microRNA expression is common in colorectal cancer and DNA methylation is believed to be responsible for this alteration. In this study, we performed evaluation in vivo and in vitro to ...determine the role of miR-181b as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. Ninty-seven pairs of colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected. The expression level and methylation status of miR-181b was determined in tissue samples and multiple colorectal cancer cell lines. RASSF1A, a predicted target gene of miR-181b, was investigated in vitro. Further mechanistic explorations were conducted. It was found that miR-181b expression was frequently downregulated in cancer samples. This lower expression level resulted from higher hypermethylation in cancer tissue and was closely related to TNM stage. Following artificial synthesis of miR-181b stimulation, colorectal cancer cell proliferation was greatly inhibited in CRC cells while apoptosis percentage markedly increased. miR-181b achieved the tumor suppressive effects via direct targeting of the RASSF1A gene. This study indicated the clinical significance of miR-181b and the influence of miR-181b promoter region in epigenetic silencing of tumorigenicity in colorectal cancer, and implied the possible usage of miR-181b as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer.
The specificity of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) is determined spatially by the vascular architecture and temporally by the evolution of hemodynamic changes. Here, we used functional ...photoacoustic microscopy (fPAM) to investigate single cerebral blood vessels of rats after left forepaw stimulation. In this system, we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of the HRFs of the total hemoglobin concentration (HbT), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (
). Changes in specific cerebral vessels corresponding to various electrical stimulation intensities and durations were bilaterally imaged with
spatial resolution. Stimulation intensities of 1, 2, 6, and 10 mA were applied for periods of 5 or 15 s. Our results show that the relative functional changes in HbT, CBV, and
are highly dependent not only on the intensity of the stimulation, but also on its duration. Additionally, the duration of the stimulation has a strong influence on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the HRF as shorter stimuli elicit responses only in the local vasculature (smaller arterioles), whereas longer stimuli lead to greater vascular supply and drainage. This study suggests that the current fPAM system is reliable for studying relative cerebral hemodynamic changes, as well as for offering new insights into the dynamics of functional cerebral hemodynamic changes in small animals.
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional interactions with mRNA. miRNAs have recently emerged as key regulators of various cancers. ...Although miR- 27a has been implicated in several other cancers, its role in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In this study, we showed miR-27a to be frequently up-regulated in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7). Overexpression of miR-27a enhanced cell proliferation, promoted migration and invasion, and activated cell cycling in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. In summary, our results suggest that up-regulation of miR-27a may play an oncogenic role in the development of HCC and might thus be a new therapeutic target in HCC patients.
CO2 laser supraglottoplasty for infantile laryngomalacia Li, Lan; Zhang, De-lun; Zhao, Yu ...
Zhonghua er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery
48, Številka:
6
Journal Article
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of CO2 laser supraglottoplasty for severe laryngomalacia in infants.
From January 2009 to December 2011, 32 infants with severe laryngomalacia were confirmed by ...electronic laryngoscope and clinical assessment in Shenzhen Children's Hospital. According to the choice made by the parents, 16 children accepted CO2 laser supraglottoplasty (group 1), the others were treated conservatively (group 2). The beginning observation point T0 was defined as the age on the first medicine taking day or the age of surgery. T1, T3, T6 were defined as 1, 3, 6 months following T0. Clinical symptoms included stridor, dyspnea, aspiration, and respiratory infections. The body weight, PSG reports, laryngoscope findings, cure rates of the two groups were compared.
The anatomical abnormalities were corrected surgically, and the symptoms ,such as stridor, dyspnea, and aspiration improved rapidly after the operation. The cure rates was higher in group 1 than in group 2 on T1, T3, T6 stage. There wer
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional interactions with mRNA. miRNAs have recently emerged as key regulators of various cancers. ...Although miR-27a has been implicated in several other cancers, its role in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In this study, we showed miR-27a to be frequently up-regulated in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7). Overexpression of miR-27a enhanced cell proliferation, promoted migration and invasion, and activated cell cycling in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. In summary, our results suggest that up-regulation of miR-27a may play an oncogenic role in the development of HCC and might thus be a new therapeutic target in HCC patients.
As an indispensable molecular machine universal in all living organisms, the ribosome has been selected by evolu- tion to be the natural target of many antibiotics and small-molecule inhibitors. ...High-resolution structures of patho- gen ribosomes are crucial for understanding the general and unique aspects of translation control in disease-causing microbes. With cryo-electron microscopy technique, we have determined structures of the cytosollc ribosomes from two human parasites, Trichomonas vaginalis and Toxoplasma gondii, at resolution of 3.2-3.4 A. Although the ribo- somal proteins from both pathogens are typical members of eukaryotic families, with a co-evolution pattern between certain species-specific insertions/extensions and neighboring ribosomal RNA （rRNA） expansion segments, the sizes of their rRNAs are sharply different. Very interestingly, rRNAs of T. vaginalis are in size comparable to prokaryotic counterparts, with nearly all the eukaryote-specific rRNA expansion segments missing. These structures facilitate the dissection of evolution path for ribosomal proteins and RNAs, and may aid in design of novel translation inhibitors.
Multiple switchable physical properties have been demonstrated in one single niccolite structural metal–organic framework, (CH3CH2)2NH2FeIIIFeII(HCOO)6 (1), including (i) a reversible ferroelastic ...phase transition triggered by freezing the disordered (CH3CH2)2NH2+ cations, (ii) a thermally switchable dielectric constant transition accompanied by phase transition, and (iii) thermal and positive magnetic field driven magnetic poles reversal at low temperatures, attributed to different responses of the magnetization of FeII and FeIII sublattices to external stimuli. More interestingly, the exchange anisotropy between the two sublattices can also give rise to tunable positive and negative exchange bias fields. Straightforwardly, such diverse demonstrations of bistability in one single material (depending on the specific tuning way) will provide extra freedom and flexibility for the design of switcher devices.
Four different types of bistability coexist in one single niccolite structural mixedvalence‐state metal–organic framework, including: i) a reversible ferroelastic phase transition triggered by freezing the disordered (CH3CH2)2NH2+ cations, ii) a thermally switchable dielectric‐constant transition, and iii) thermal and positive magnetic‐field‐driven magnetic poles reversal. Magnetic pinning with tunable exchange bias field is found.
Trypanosoma evansi, the agent of “surra,” is a salivarian trypanosome, originating from Africa. It is thought to derive from Trypanosoma brucei by deletion of the maxicircle kinetoplastic DNA ...(genetic material required for cyclical development in tsetse flies). It is mostly mechanically transmitted by tabanids and stomoxes, initially to camels, in sub-Saharan area. The disease spread from North Africa towards the Middle East, Turkey, India, up to 53° North in Russia, across all South-East Asia, down to Indonesia and the Philippines, and it was also introduced by the conquistadores into Latin America. It can affect a very large range of domestic and wild hosts including camelids, equines, cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs and other carnivores, deer, gazelles, and elephants. It found a new large range of wild and domestic hosts in Latin America, including reservoirs (capybaras) and biological vectors (vampire bats). Surra is a major disease in camels, equines, and dogs, in which it can often be fatal in the absence of treatment, and exhibits nonspecific clinical signs (anaemia, loss of weight, abortion, and death), which are variable from one host and one place to another; however, its immunosuppressive effects interfering with intercurrent diseases or vaccination campaigns might be its most significant and questionable aspect.
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