Calosoma maximoviczi, a predatory pest beetle, poses a significant threat to wild silk farm production due to its predation on wild silkworms. Given the coexistence of this species with beneficial ...silkworms in the farm orchards, chemical pesticides are not an ideal solution for controlling its population. In this study, we employed a comprehensive multi-target RNA interference (RNAi) approach to disrupt the olfactory perception of C. maximoviczi through independently silencing 16 odorant receptors (ORs) in the respective genders. Specifically, gene-specific siRNAs were designed to target a panel of ORs, allowing us to investigate the specific interactions between odorant receptors and ligands within this species. Our investigation led to identifying four candidate siOR groups that effectively disrupted the beetle's olfactory tracking of various odorant ligands associated with different trophic levels. Furthermore, we observed sex-specific differences in innate RNAi responses reflected by subsequent gene expression, physiological and behavioral consequences, underscoring the complexity of olfactory signaling and emphasizing the significance of considering species/sex-specific traits when implementing pest control measures. These findings advance our understanding of olfactory coding patterns in C. maximoviczi beetles and establish a foundation for future research in the field of pest management strategies.
Background
Clinical benefits of neoadjuvant Anlotinib for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant ...Anlotinib plus chemotherapy followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced ESCC.
Methods
Patients with locally advanced ESCC were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant Anlotinib combined with chemotherapy (Anlotinib group) or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy alone (nCRT group) with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The primary endpoint was the R0 surgical resection rate. Secondary endpoints included postoperative pathologic stage, complete response (CR) rate, and safety. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs) and postoperative complications.
Results
From August 2019 to August 2021, 93 patients were assigned to the nCRT or Anlotinib group. Of the 93 patients, 79 underwent MIE and were finally included in the per-protocol set (nCRT group: n=39; Anlotinib group: n=40). The R0 resection rate was 97.4% for nCRT versus 100.0% for Anlotinib group (
p
>0.05). Compared with the nCRT group, patients in the Anlotinib group had shorter total operation duration (262.2 ± 39.0 vs. 200.7 ± 25.5 min,
p
=0.010) and less blood loss (161.3 ± 126.7 vs. 52.4 ± 39.3 mL,
p
<0.001). No significant differences were found in the postoperative pathologic stage between the Anlotinib group and nCRT group (all
p
>0.05). Besides, the incidences of AEs (80.0% vs. 92.3%) and postoperative complications (22.5% vs. 30.8%) were similar between the two groups (all
p
>0.05).
Conclusions
Neoadjuvant Anlotinib plus chemotherapy had a similar safety profile and pathologic response, but better surgical outcomes than nCRT for locally advanced ESCC.
ZnO as a wide-band-gap semiconductor is widely used in optoelectronic and electronic devices owing to its excellent electrical and optical characteristics that can be tuned by doping with dopants. In ...this study, the Cr, N co-doped ZnO films were fabricated on sapphire substrates using the pulsed laser deposition technique, and the structure and optical properties of the films were studied extensively. The structural and valence state characterizations indicate that the films are single-phase hexagonal ZnO structure with preferred
c
-axis orientation, but more incorporation of Cr in the films will degrade the crystal quality of the materials; Cr and N dopants substitute Zn and O ions of the ZnO host lattice existing as Cr
3+
and N
3−
in the film, respectively. The resistivity of the films significantly increases by co-doping with Cr and N. Optical characterization reveals that the absorption edge of the films shifts to higher energy with increasing Cr content. The results indicate that the observed increase in band-gap energy of the Zn
1−
x
Cr
x
O/N films may be attributed to the decrease in the lattice constant, which is a consequence of the strain, determined by the amount of Cr and N in the film deposition process.
By use of the theoretical method of density functional theory (DFT), we systemically investigate the chalcogen doped Cu4 metal clusters (Cu4O, Cu4S, and Cu4Se) as catalysts for the electrochemical ...CO2 reduction with toluene as solvent. These doped clusters have efficient catalytic properties which can reduce CO2 to CH4 and a small amount of CH3OH. In the case of CO2 hydrogenation to CH4, the reaction barrier of the Cu4O cluster and Cu4S cluster are reduced by 0.37 eV and 0.15 eV, respectively, compared with the pristine Cu4 cluster. The calculation results also show the overpotentials for the CO2 hydrogenation to CH4 in the order of Cu4S < Cu4O < Cu4Se. In addition, the geometry structures, the electronic properties, and the reaction free energies on the chalcogen doped Cu4 clusters are also discussed to further reveal the reaction mechanism in the CO2 electroreduction process. We hope that our present work will enlighten extensive studies on the modified electrode to decrease the limiting potential and provide a reference for the subsequent studies.
•Chalcogen doped Cu4 cluster can effectively electrochemical reduce CO2 to CH4.•The Cu4O and Cu4S clusters have lower limiting potentials compared with Cu4.•The sequence of overpotentials to produce CH4 is Cu4S＜Cu4O＜Cu4Se.
Chronic hydrocephalus after clipping aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) often results in poor outcomes. This study was to establish and validate model to predict chronic hydrocephalus after ...aSAH by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression. The model was constructed from a retrospectively analyzed. Two hundred forty-eight patients of aSAH were analyzed retrospectively in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021, and the patients were divided into chronic hydrocephalus (CH) group (n=55) and non-CH group (n=193) according to whether occurred CH within 3 months. In summary, 16 candidate risk factors related to chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH were analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed to judging the risk factors for CH. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to filter risk factors. Subsequently, the nomogram was designed by the above variables. And area under the curve and calibration chart were used to detect the discrimination and goodness of fit of the nomogram, respectively. Finally, decision curve analysis was constructed to assess the practicability of the risk of chronic hydrocephalus by calculating the net benefits. Univariate analysis showed that age (60 y or older), aneurysm location, modified Fisher grade, Hunt-Hess grade, and the method for cerebrospinal fluid drainage, intracranial infections, and decompressive craniectomy were significantly related to CH ( P <0.05). Whereas 5 variables age (60 y or older), posterior aneurysm, modified Fisher grade, Hunt-Hess grade, decompression craniectomy from 16 candidate factors were filtered by LASSO logistic regression for further research. Area under the curve of this model was 0.892 (95% confidence interval: 0.799-0.981), indicating a good discrimination ability. Meanwhile, the result of calibration indicated a good fitting between the prediction probability and the actual probability. Finally, decision curve analysis showed a good clinical efficacy. In summary, this model could conveniently predict the occurrence of chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH. Meanwhile, it could help physicians to develop personalized treatment and close follow-up for these patients.
β-amyloid hypothesis is the predominant hypothesis in the study of pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This hypothesis claims that aggregation and neurotoxic effects of amyloid β (Aβ) is the common ...pathway in a variety of etiological factors for Alzheimer's disease. Aβ peptide derives from amyloid precursor protein (APP). β-sheet breaker peptides can directly prevent and reverse protein misfolding and aggregation in conformational disorders. Based on the stereochemical structure of Aβ1-42 and aggregation character, we had designed a series of β-sheet breaker peptides in our previous work and screened out a 10-residue peptide β-sheet breaker peptide, H102. We evaluated the effects of H102 on expression of P-tau, several associated proteins, inflammatory factors and apoptosis factors, and examined the cognitive ability of APP transgenic mice by behavioral test. This study aims to validate the β-amyloid hypothesis and provide an experimental evidence for the feasibility of H102 treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
SHR7390 is a novel, selective MEK1/2 inhibitor. Here, we report results from two phase I trials conducted to evaluate the tolerability, safety and antitumor activity of SHR7390 monotherapy for ...advanced solid tumors and SHR7390 plus camrelizumab for treatment-refractory advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).
Patients received SHR7390 alone or combined with fixed-dose camrelizumab (200 mg every 2 weeks) in an accelerated titration scheme to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). A recommended dose for expansion was determined based on the safety and tolerability of the dose-escalation stage. The primary endpoints were dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and MTD.
In the SHR7390 monotherapy trial, 16 patients were enrolled. DLTs were reported in the 1.0 mg cohort, and the MTD was 0.75 mg. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were recorded in 4 patients (25.0%). No patients achieved objective response. In the SHR7390 combination trial, 22 patients with CRC were enrolled. One DLT was reported in the 0.5 mg cohort and the MTD was not reached. Grade ≥3 TRAEs were observed in 8 patients (36.4%), with the most common being rash (n=4). One grade 5 TRAE (increased intracranial pressure) occurred. Five patients (22.7%) achieved partial response, including one of 3 patients with MSS/MSI-L and BRAF mutant tumors, one of 15 patients with MSS/MSI-L and BRAF wild type tumors, and all 3 patients with MSI-H tumors.
SHR7390 0.5 mg plus camrelizumab showed a manageable safety profile. Preliminary clinical activity was reported regardless of MSI and BRAF status.
This study explored the association between oral microbes and head and neck cancer (HNC) as well as symptoms related to patients with HNC before surgical treatment. Fifty-six patients with HNC and 64 ...matched healthy controls were recruited from West China hospital in Southwest China. The demographic, clinical, and symptom data were collected. Salivary samples were collected to determine the microbial characteristics using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Patients with HNC presented increased
abundances. The oral microbial markers as
(area under the curve=0.81) achieved a high classification power between the HNC patients and healthy controls. Moreover, using
in conjunction with symptom of voice/speech difficulty achieved an overall predicting accuracy of 92.5% comparing with using
alone (79.2% accuracy) in distinguishing the HNC patients from healthy controls. Salivary microbial profiles and HNC symptoms may be potential biomarkers for HNC screening.
This study aimed to evaluate patterns of symptoms, physical function and quality of life (QoL) among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) prior to, 3–9 days post-surgery, and one month ...post-surgery.
A prospective, repeated-measures design with consecutively-identified sampling was used to recruit HNC patients undergoing surgical treatment. Data collected included demographic and clinical characteristics, symptoms by M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head and Neck Module-Chinese version (MDASI-H&N–C), physical function and QoL by Function Subscales of European Cancer Research Treatment Organization Quality of Life Core Scale (EORTC QLQ C30).
105 HNC patients suffered multiple symptoms prior to and after surgery. Pain, difficulty with voice/speech, disturbed sleep and problems with mucus (30.48%~91.43%) were the most prevalent symptoms prior to and post-surgery. Numbers of symptoms as well as specific symptoms, such as fatigue, dry mouth, problems with mucus, pain and disturbed sleep, were significantly associated with poor physical function (p < 0.05). Tracheostomy, feeding tube and age were also linked with poor physical function and poor QoL (p < 0.05).
Findings of our study underscore the importance of managing symptoms in HNC patients to ensure patients' physical function and QoL prior to and after surgical treatment. Further research should focus on developing targeted interventions for symptoms that are linked to HNC patients’ poor physical function and QoL.
•We explored the relationships between symptoms, PF and QoL among Chinese HNC patients with surgical treatment.•HNC patients who reported pain had poorer PF than patients without pain.•HNC patients with feeding tube had 9 times of odds for poorer PF comparing patients without feeding tube.•With one symptom increased, HNC patients would have 38.1% chance to have poorer QOL.
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