The effect of interaction between hyperons on the moment of inertia of proto neutron star (PNS) PSR J0740+6620 is examined with relativistic mean field theory considering the octet of baryons. The ...nucleon coupling constant GM1 is used and the temperature of the PNS is chosen as
T
=
20
MeV. Under the constraint of the mass
M
=
2.08
M
⊙
, considering the interaction between hyperons, the radius of the PNS PSR J0740+6620 is reduced by 0.08% from
R
=
14.518
km to
R
=
14.507
km and the moment of inertia of the PNS PSR J0740+6620 is reduced by about 0.49% from
I
=
2.460
×
10
45
g cm
2
to
I
=
2.448
×
10
45
g cm
2
, respectively. The moment of inertia of the PNS has a peak with the change of central energy density
ε
c
, mass
M
or radius
R
. Considering the interaction between hyperons, the value of the moment of inertia
I
of the PNS corresponding to this peak will decrease.
The effect of the interaction between hyperons on the properties of proto neutron star (PNS) PSR J0740+6620 is examined with relativistic mean field theory in consideration of a baryon octet. The ...nucleon coupling constant GM1 is used and the temperature of the PNS is chosen as
T
= 20 MeV. Under the constraint of the mass of the PNS PSR J0740+6620
M
= 2.14 M
⊙
, the PNS’s radius decreases by 0.13% from
R
= 14.262 km to
R
= 14.243 km, the central chemical potential of the neutron increases by 0.23% from
μ
n
,
c
= 6.868 fm
-
1
to
μ
n
,
c
= 6.884 fm
-
1
, the central chemical potential of the electron decreases by 1.4% from
μ
e
,
c
= 1.001 fm
-
1
to
μ
e
,
c
= 0.987 fm
-
1
and the central energy density increases by 1.4% from
ε
c
= 1.117
×
10
15
g cm
-
3
to
ε
c
= 1.133
×
10
15
g cm
-
3
, taking into account the interaction between the hyperons. The interaction between hyperons also has an effect on the effective mass and the effect is greatest at the centers of PNSs. Baryons n, p,
Λ
,
Σ
+
,
Σ
0
,
Σ
-
,
Ξ
0
and
Ξ
-
all will be generated in PNS PSR J0740+6620 regardless of whether the interaction between hyperons is considered. Considering the interaction between hyperons, the relative density of n decreases, while the relative density of p,
Λ
,
Σ
+
,
Σ
0
,
Σ
-
,
Ξ
0
and
Ξ
-
increases, indicating that more n are converted into p and hyperons such as
Λ
,
Σ
+
,
Σ
0
,
Σ
-
,
Ξ
0
and
Ξ
-
in the PNS.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The effect of the mesons
f
0
(975)(named as
f
),
ϕ
(1020)(named as
ϕ
) and
δ
on the properties of the proto neutron star PSR J0348 + 0432 is studied in the framework of the relativistic mean field ...theory considering the baryon octet. We find the central particle number density will decrease considering the mesons
δ
but will increase as the mesons
f
,
ϕ
or mesons
f
,
ϕ
and
δ
all being considered. We also find that the mesons
f
,
ϕ
and
δ
have little effect on the field strengths of mesons
σ
and
ω
but have a greater influence on those of mesons
ρ
. For the chemical potential of neutrons, the influence of these mesons is relative small but for the chemical potential of electrons the meson effect is relatively large. It is also found that the relative particle number density of n will decrease while those of p and Σ
−
will increase considering the effect of the mesons
δ
, or
f
,
ϕ
, or
f
,
ϕ
and
δ
. The relative particle number density of Λ, Σ
0
, Σ
+
, Ξ
−
and Ξ
0
will decrease considering the effect of the mesons
δ
but will increase as the mesons
f
,
ϕ
or the mesons
f
,
ϕ
and
δ
all being considered.
Effect of the interaction between hyperons on the moment of inertia of proto neutron stars (PNSs) PSR J0740+6620, PSR J0348+0432, PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J0737-3039A is examined by means of ...relativistic mean field theory. Taking into account the interaction between hyperons, the mass M of the PNS decreases with respect to the same radius R, the energy density ε increases with respect to the same pressure p, and the moment of inertia I of the PNS decreases with respect to the same central energy density ε
c
. Under the constraint of the mass of the PNS, considering the interaction between hyperons, the larger the mass of the PNS, the more the radius and moment of inertia of the PNS decrease, while the more energy density and pressure increase. For smaller PNSs, the effect can be negligible.
The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain. In this process, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates ...levodopa (L-dopa) with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH
) as a coenzyme. Here, we show that oral berberine (BBR) might supply H
through dihydroberberine (reduced BBR produced by bacterial nitroreductase) and promote the production of BH
from dihydrobiopterin; the increased BH
enhances TH activity, which accelerates the production of L-dopa by the gut bacteria. Oral BBR acts in a way similar to vitamins. The L-dopa produced by the intestinal bacteria enters the brain through the circulation and is transformed to dopamine. To verify the gut-brain dialog activated by BBR's effect, Enterococcus faecalis or Enterococcus faecium was transplanted into Parkinson's disease (PD) mice. The bacteria significantly increased brain dopamine and ameliorated PD manifestation in mice; additionally, combination of BBR with bacteria showed better therapeutic effect than that with bacteria alone. Moreover, 2,4,6-trimethyl-pyranylium tetrafluoroborate (TMP-TFB)-derivatized matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging of dopamine identified elevated striatal dopamine levels in mouse brains with oral Enterococcus, and BBR strengthened the imaging intensity of brain dopamine. These results demonstrated that BBR was an agonist of TH in Enterococcus and could lead to the production of L-dopa in the gut. Furthermore, a study of 28 patients with hyperlipidemia confirmed that oral BBR increased blood/fecal L-dopa by the intestinal bacteria. Hence, BBR might improve the brain function by upregulating the biosynthesis of L-dopa in the gut microbiota through a vitamin-like effect.
Soil pollution with organic contaminants is one of the most intractable environmental problems today, posing serious threats to humans and the environment. Innovative strategies for remediating ...organic-contaminated soils are critically needed. Phytoremediation, based on the synergistic actions of plants and their associated microorganisms, has been recognized as a powerful in situ approach to soil remediation. Suitable combinations of plants and their associated endophytes can improve plant growth and enhance the biodegradation of organic contaminants in the rhizosphere and/or endosphere, dramatically expediting the removal of organic pollutants from soils. However, for phytoremediation to become a more widely accepted and predictable alternative, a thorough understanding of plant–endophyte interactions is needed. Many studies have recently been conducted on the mechanisms of endophyte-assisted phytoremediation of organic contaminants in soils. In this review, we highlight the superiority of organic pollutant-degrading endophytes for practical applications in phytoremediation, summarize alternative strategies for improving phytoremediation, discuss the fundamental mechanisms of endophyte-assisted phytoremediation, and present updated information regarding the advances, challenges, and new directions in the field of endophyte-assisted phytoremediation technology.
Display omitted
•Endophytes are valuable bio-resources for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency.•The superiority of endophyte-assisted phytoremediation is assessed.•Mechanisms adopted by plant and endophyte for xenobiotic removal are summarized.•Cometabolism of plant and endophyte serves a main route for xenobiotic degradation.•“Omcs” techniques open up new perspectives for plant-endophyte interactions.
Effect of the mesons
f
0
(
975
)
and
ϕ
(
1020
)
on the baryons distribution in the massive neutron star PSR J0348+0432 is examined in the framework of the relativistic mean field theory. It is found ...that the value range of the central baryon number density increases compared with that without considering the mesons
f
0
(
975
)
and
ϕ
(
1020
)
under the restriction of the observation mass of the massive neutron star PSR J0348+0432. It is also found that the relative particle number density of neutrons decreases and in the center of the neutron star its value range also decreases as the mesons
f
0
(
975
)
and
ϕ
(
1020
)
being considered. This means that there will be more neutrons changing into other baryons considering the mesons
f
0
(
975
)
and
ϕ
(
1020
)
. But the effect of the mesons
f
0
(
975
)
and
ϕ
(
1020
)
on the relative particle number density of protons is very small. The relative particle number density of hyperon
Λ
and
Ξ
−
all increase compared with that without considering the mesons
f
0
(
975
)
and
ϕ
(
1020
)
. At the neutron star center, the value range of them all increase compared with that without considering the mesons
f
0
(
975
)
and
ϕ
(
1020
)
by the observation mass of the massive neutron star PSR J0348+0432
M
=
1.97
–
2.05
M
⊙
. Our calculations also show that the hyperons
Σ
−
,
Σ
0
,
Σ
+
and
Ξ
0
are not produced.
The strong strain-mediated magnetoelectric (ME) coupling found in thin-film ME heterostructures has attracted an ever-increasing interest and enables realization of a great number of integrated ...multiferroic devices, such as magnetometers, mechanical antennas, RF tunable inductors and filters. This paper first reviews the thin-film characterization techniques for both piezoelectric and magnetostrictive thin films, which are crucial in determining the strength of the ME coupling. After that, the most recent progress on various integrated multiferroic devices based on thin-film ME heterostructures are presented. In particular, rapid development of thin-film ME magnetometers has been seen over the past few years. These ultra-sensitive magnetometers exhibit extremely low limit of detection (sub-pT/Hz
) for low-frequency AC magnetic fields, making them potential candidates for applications of medical diagnostics. Other devices reviewed in this paper include acoustically actuated nanomechanical ME antennas with miniaturized size by 1-2 orders compared to the conventional antenna; integrated RF tunable inductors with a wide operation frequency range; integrated RF tunable bandpass filter with dual H- and E-field tunability. All these integrated multiferroic devices are compact, lightweight, power-efficient, and potentially integrable with current complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, showing great promise for applications in future biomedical, wireless communication, and reconfigurable electronic systems.
Summary
The extrahaustorial membrane (EHM) is a host‐derived interfacial membrane encasing the haustorium of powdery mildew fungi. Arabidopsis thaliana RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.2 (RPW8.2) is ...specifically targeted to the EHM via two EHM‐targeting signals. Here, we demonstrate that proper coordination between the trafficking forces engaged via the EHM‐targeting signals and the nuclear localization signals (NLSs), as well as the nuclear export signals (NESs), in RPW8.2 is critical for the activation of cell death and defense. We show that in the absence of pathogens, RPW8.2 is partitioned between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and turned over via both the 26S proteasome‐ and the vacuole‐dependent pathways. Enhanced cytoplasmic localization of RPW8.2 by tagging it with a NES led to lethal cell death. By contrast, enhanced nuclear localization of RPW8.2 by adding an NLS to it resulted in resistance to powdery mildew. Whereas expression of the NES‐containing C‐terminal domain of RPW8.2 in the cytoplasm is sufficient to trigger cell death, no such cell death‐inducing activity is found with RPW8.2 variants that contain the two EHM‐targeting signals along with the NES‐containing C‐terminal domain. In addition, we present evidence for the involvement of a leaf senescence pathway in RPW8.2‐mediated cell death and defense. Taken together, our data suggest that RPW8.2 is subject to adjustment by distinct and perhaps coordinated mechanisms for its localization and function via interaction with the multiple intramolecular trafficking signals, which should provide further insights into RPW8.2‐activated, EHM‐focused resistance against powdery mildew.
Significance Statement
The Arabidopsis thaliana RPW8.2 is specifically targeted to the host‐fungal interface (i.e., the extrahaustorial membrane; EHM) and confers broad‐spectrum resistance against powdery mildew in a dosage‐dependent manner. Our data from this study suggest that multiple trafficking mechanisms coordinately adjust RPW8.2‐mediated cell death and defense via the EHM‐targeting signals and the nuclear localization/export signals present in RPW8.2.
PDF
