In obese patients, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is common. However, whether there is a connection between the gut microbiota and the onset of NAFLD in obese people is yet unknown. Using ...quantitative real-time PCR, the microbiota of feces of the eligible 181 obese individuals was identified to compare the differences in gut microbiota between obesity with NAFLD and simple obesity. According to the findings, the gut dominant microbiota was similar between obesity with NAFLD and simple obesity. Nonetheless, compared to the simple obesity group, the quantity of
colonies was much lower in the obesity with the NAFLD group.
were present in greater than 65% of both groups.
,
, and
accounted for more than 80% of the cases in the obesity with NAFLD group, whereas
,
, and
accounted for more than 80% of the cases in the simple obesity group. We look for potential contributing variables to obesity-related NAFLD and potential prevention measures for obese people. Based on a multi-factor logistic regression analysis, lymphocytes may be a risk factor for obesity with NAFLD while
may be a protective factor. Additionally,
is positively impacted by
,
,
, and
, yet adversely impacted by Enterobacteriaceae. Notably, lymphocytes and
may help determine whether obese patients would develop NAFLD.
Transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, tomato yellow leaf curly virus (TYLCV) has posed serious threats to plant growth and development. Plant innate immune systems against various threats ...involve WRKY Group III transcription factors (TFs). This group participates as a major component of biological processes in plants.
In this study, 6 WRKY Group III TFs (SolyWRKY41, SolyWRKY42, SolyWRKY53, SolyWRKY54, SolyWRKY80, and SolyWRKY81) were identified, and these TFs responded to TYLCV infection. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that SolyWRKY41 and SolyWRKY54 were nuclear proteins in vivo. Many elements, including W-box, were found in the promoter region of Group III TFs. Interaction network analysis revealed that Group III TFs could interact with other proteins, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (MAPK) and isochorismate synthase (ICS), to respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. Positive and negative expression patterns showed that WRKY Group III genes could also respond to TYLCV infection in tomato. The DNA content of TYLCV resistant lines after SolyWRKY41 and SolyWRKY54 were subjected to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was lower than that of the control lines.
In the present study, 6 WRKY Group III TFs in tomato were identified to respond to TYLCV infection. Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and VIGS analyses demonstrated that Group III genes served as positive and negative regulators in tomato-TYLCV interaction. WRKY Group III TFs could interact with other proteins by binding to cis elements existing in the promoter regions of other genes to regulate pathogen-related gene expression.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Jahn–Teller effects increase charge carriers and boosts photon harvesting.•Strong absorption over full sun light for (Mn2O3)3CuSiO3 with Jahn–Teller defects.•Direct light absorption ...and heat storage of Cu-braunite–coated Mg(OH)2.•Photo-dehydration conversion of Cu-braunite–Mg(OH)2 increases by 10 fold..
To improve photon harvesting, we demonstrated that Jahn–Teller defects can efficiently reduce the band gap and increase the carrier density, which significantly intensify light harvesting and widen the absorption band. This may be an effective method for designing solar materials. The substitution of Mn2+ with Jahn–Teller active Cu2+ leads to quasi-metallic (Mn2O3)3CuSiO3 nanoparticles with a high concentration of charge carriers, displaying intense absorption in entire solar spectrum. Silicates may represent a new type of photon harvesting material. Mg(OH)2 powder coated by Cu-braunite shows a 150 % increase in photothermal temperature, a tenfold improvement in photothermal-dehydration conversion and a 15.8-fold increase in the reversibility of 30 cycles of heat storage and release. This material may be practicable for directly harvesting solar energy and storing thermoenergy. Jahn–Teller effects are effective for tuning photon harvesting.
The present study was undertaken to identify whether prostaglandin E2 receptor is the potential receptor/binding site for Ginkgolide A, Ginkgolide B, Ginkgolide K, and Bilobalide, the four main ...ingredients of the Ginkgo biloba L., leaves. Using functional assays, we identified EP4, coupled with Gs protein, as a target of Ginkgolide B. In human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells suffered from oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion, Ginkgolide B‐activated PKA, Akt, and ERK1/2 as well as Src‐mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. These resulted in downstream signaling pathways, which enhanced cell survival and inhibited apoptosis. Knockdown of EP4 prevented Ginkgolide B‐mediated Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and neuroprotective effects. Moreover, Src inhibitor prevented Ginkgolide B‐mediated EGFR transactivation and the downstream Akt and ERK1/2 activation, while the phosphorylation of PKA induced by Ginkgolide B was not affected, indicating Ginkgolide B might transactivate EGFR in a ligand‐independent manner. EP4 knockdown in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model prevented Ginkgolide B‐mediated infarct size reduction and neurological assessment improvement. At the same time, the increased expressions of p‐Akt, p‐ERK1/2, p‐PKA, p‐Src, and p‐EGFR and the deceased expression of cleaved capases‐3 induced by Ginkgolide B in cerebral cortex were blocked due to EP4 knockdown. In conclusion, Ginkgolide B exerts neuroprotective effects in rat MCAO model through the activation of EP4 and the downstream transactivation of EGFR.
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Vacuum assistance is used for filtering solid substances onto porous substrates to create composite membranes typically. However, the potential of this approach has rarely been ...assessed in facilitating the distribution of liquids within those porous substrates to fabricate composite membranes in typical interfacial polymerization. In this work, we demonstrate the advantages of vacuum-assisted interfacial polymerization (VAIP) in terms of substrate universality, monomer concentration range, and performance reproducibility in the fabrication of polyimide nanofiltration membranes. Aqueous solutions of PIP can be homogeneously distributed by vacuum filtration on diverse microfiltration substrates of polyether sulfone (PES), Nylon-66, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), cellulose acetate (CA), and mixed cellulose esters (MCE), respectively. Interfacial polymerization is then performed on these substrates using different concentrations of piperazine (PIP, 0.0075–0.1000 wt%) and trimoyl chloride (TMC, 0.0112–0.1500 wt%). Remarkably, a uniform and ultra-thin polyamide layer with a thickness of 15 nm can be achieved at an exceptionally low PIP concentration of 0.0250 wt%, exhibits a rejection rate of over 98.8 % for Na2SO4 and a water permeance of 25.8 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1. The membranes with a diameter of 30 cm demonstrate reproducibility in nanofiltration performance and satisfactory long-term stability. This method offers a simple yet effective strategy for regulating the liquid distribution and optimizing interfacial polymerization in fabricating polyamide composite membranes.
Abnormal crowd behaviors in high density situations can pose great danger to public safety. Despite the extensive installation of closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras, it is still difficult to ...achieve real-time alerts and automated responses from current systems. Two major breakthroughs have been reported in this research. Firstly, a spatial-temporal texture extraction algorithm is developed. This algorithm is able to effectively extract video textures with abundant crowd motion details. It is through adopting Gabor-filtered textures with the highest information entropy values. Secondly, a novel scheme for defining crowd motion patterns (signatures) is devised to identify abnormal behaviors in the crowd by employing an enhanced gray level co-occurrence matrix model. In the experiments, various classic classifiers are utilized to benchmark the performance of the proposed method. The results obtained exhibit detection and accuracy rates which are, overall, superior to other techniques.
We report the observation of coherent heteronuclear spin dynamics driven by interspecies spin-spin interaction in an ultracold spinor mixture, which manifests as periodical and well-correlated spin ...oscillations between two atomic species. In particular, we investigate the magnetic field dependence of the oscillations and find a resonance behavior which depends on both the linear and quadratic Zeeman effects and the spin-dependent interaction. We also demonstrate a unique knob for controlling the spin dynamics in the spinor mixture with species-dependent vector light shifts.
Summary of main observation and conclusion
Outstanding accomplishments have been achieved in the chemistry of difluorocarbene, but transition‐ metal‐catalyzed transfer of difluorocarbene for coupling ...remains a challenging task. Herein, we describe a Pd‐catalyzed coupling of difluorocarbene with two aryl carbon centers to give difluoromethylenation products, which cannot be obtained by any previous difluorocarbene‐transformation method.
Described herein is the Pd‐catalyzed transfer of difluorocarbene for three‐component coupling process. This work represents the first example of coupling between difluorocarbene with two other aryl carbon centers.
To explore more active fluoroquinolone anticancer candidates.
Cancer which can affect almost any part of the body, is most striking and deadliest disease. It is estimated that around one in five ...people globally develop cancer during their lifetime, and approximately 10% people eventually die from this disease, and 18.1 million new cancer cases with 9.6 million deaths occurred in 2018. The anticancer agents play an intriguingly role in fighting against cancer, and above 100 drugs have already been marketed for this purpose. However, the major drawback of current accessible anticancer agents is the low specificity which results in many side effects. Moreover, cancer cells have already generated resistance to almost all available drugs, creating an urgent need to novel anticancer agents with high specificity and great efficiency especially towards drug-resistant cancers. Quinolone and isatin derivatives were reported to possess promising anticancer activity, high specificity, and relatively few side effects. Currently, several quinolone and isatin derivatives such as Voreloxin, Quarfloxin, AT-3639, Semaxanib, Sunitinib and Nintedanib have already been introduced in clinical practice or under evaluations for the treatment of cancer including drug-resistant cancers, revealing their potential as novel anticancer agents. Hybrid molecules have the potential to increase the specificity, improve the efficiency, and overcome the drug resistance, so hybridization is a promising strategy in the drug discovery. Some of the moxifloxacin-isatin hybrids exhibited considerable activity against various cancer cells even drug-resistant cells, so it is conceivable that hybridization of quinolone and isatin moieties may provide novel anticancer candidates. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) demonstrated that the linkers between quinolone and isatin skeletons were critical for the biological activity, and 1,2,3-triazole could exert various noncovalent interactions with biological targets, so introduction of 1,2,3-triazole as the linker between the two moieties may provide more efficient anticancer candidates.
To explore more active fluoroquinolone anticancer candidates and enrich the structureactivity relationships of fluoroquinolone-isatin hybrids.
The synthesized moxifloxacin-isatin hybrids 5a-c, 6a-g and 13a-d were assessed for their anticancer activities against liver cancer cells HepG2, breast cancer cells MCF-7, MCF-7/DOX, prostate cancer cells DU-145 and MDR DU-145 by MTT assay. Hybrid 5b was selected for further evaluation of its tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity with combretastatin A-4 as comparison.
Most of the synthesized hybrids were active against the tested cancer cell lines, and the most active hybrid 5b (IC50: 31.3-76.8 μM) was more potent than vorinostat (IC50: 96.7->100 μM), demonstrating moxifloxacin-isatin hybrids are potential anticancer candidates.
The mechanism study revealed that inhibition of tubulin polymerization is at least one of the mechanisms of action for this kind of hybrids. Other: The structure-activity relationship was summarized for further rational design of more efficient anticancer candidates.
This paper researches on the design and test of the output performance of double-end clamped MEMS coupled piezoelectric–electromagnetic energy harvester. It establishes the theoretical output model ...of the double-end clamped rectangular beam and trapezoidal beam piezoelectric–electromagnetic energy harvester, and optimizes the structure parameters of piezoelectric and electromagnetic unit with simulation analysis. It also respectively realizes the processing of piezoelectric and electromagnetic unit by MEMS and flexible PCB technology, and completes the performance test of structure prototype through the experimental system. The result showed that the capacity of MEMS coupled piezoelectric–electromagnetic energy harvester, which taked four coil piezoelectric with integrated electromagnetic in series, was 12.23 times higher than that of piezoelectric energy harvester. Also the output voltage and power of coupled trapezoidal beam energy harvester were respectively increased 18.89% and 2.26%, compared with coupled rectangular beam energy harvester.
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