Abstract
As an additional CO2-mitigation strategy to carbon capture and storage, CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) is attracting increasing interest globally. The potential applications of CCU are ...diverse, ranging from using CO2 in greenhouses and farming to conversion of CO2 into fuels, chemicals, polymers and building materials. CO2 has already been used for decades with mature technologies in various industrial processes such as CO2-enhanced oil recovery, the food and beverage industry, urea production, water treatment and the production of fire retardants and coolants. There are also many new CO2-utilization technologies at various stages of development and commercialization. These technologies have the potential to provide opportunities for emission savings for power and other industrial sectors by partially substituting fossil-fuel raw materials, increasing efficiency and using renewable energy, and generating revenues through producing marketable products. This paper investigates the CO2-utilization technologies that convert CO2 into commercial products via chemical and biochemical reactions with a focus on front-running technologies that are at, or close to, large-scale demonstration or commercialization. The CO2-utilization technologies are grouped according to the technological routes used, such as electrochemical, photocatalytic and photosynthetic, catalytic, biological process (using microbes and enzymes), copolymerization and mineralization. Recent developments and the status of the CO2-utilization technologies are reviewed. The environmental impact of CCU is also discussed in terms of life-cycle analysis.
•The paper evaluates the hybrid compensation governance in Hangzhou.•Hangzhou's land acquisition compensation has been improved in many aspects.•Land-lost villagers are still subject to various ...uncertainties.•Newly emerging socio-economic problems need to be addressed.•The paper compares different compensation measures.
This paper focuses on evolving land acquisition compensation policy and practice in Hangzhou, a better-developed coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta Region, by assessing the evolution of land acquisition compensation and the interplay among the main actors, especially the local government and affected individual villagers and rural collectives. It evaluates the hybrid compensation governance that includes monetary compensation, employment alternatives, share-holding co-operative, social security assurance, and rural collective retained land. The study reveals that while land acquisition compensation has been gradually improved in many aspects, land-lost villagers are still subject to various uncertainties in sustaining their lives, competing in the labor market, and adapting to urban life. Furthermore, markedly improved land acquisition compensation in Hangzhou has created newly emerging socio-economic problems amongst dislocated rural villagers. The paper reveals how different compensation measures have redefined rural collectives and land-lost rural villagers in the urbanization process.
A large number of noncoding circular RNAs (circRNAs) with regulatory potency have been identified in animals, but little attention has been given to plant circRNAs.
We performed genome-wide ...identification of circRNAs in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana using publically available RNA-Seq data, analyzed and compared features of plant and animal circRNAs.
circRNAs (12037 and 6012) were identified in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively, with 56% (10/18) of the sampled rice exonic circRNAs validated experimentally. Parent genes of over 700 exonic circRNAs were orthologues between rice and Arabidopsis, suggesting conservation of circRNAs in plants. The introns flanking plant circRNAs were much longer than introns from linear genes, and possessed less repetitive elements and reverse complementary sequences than the flanking introns of animal circRNAs. Plant circRNAs showed diverse expression patterns, and 27 rice exonic circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed under phosphate-sufficient and -starvation conditions. A significantly positive correlation was observed for the expression profiles of some circRNAs and their parent genes.
Our results demonstrated that circRNAs are widespread in plants, revealed the common and distinct features of circRNAs between plants and animals, and suggested that circRNAs could be a critical class of noncoding regulators in plants.
Because of the uneven distribution of territorial power and autonomy, cities in lower positions in China's urban hierarchical system are typically disadvantageous in obtaining vital and timely ...political and economic resources. Applying the theoretical discourse of spatial selectivity in state space production, this study focuses on the territorial dimension of spatial strategies and investigates how local spatial selectivity strategies have unfolded in Bengbu and Chuzhou, two third-tier cities in Anhui Province. The research finds that while lower-tier cities endeavor to use spatial selectivity and advocate new administrative and economic spaces by making connections to higher-tier cities, their spatial strategies overlook insufficient interconnections with their peers. Territorial status categorization, spatial relational adjustment, and administrative boundary realignment may have adverse effects when the mismatch between their targeted places and proposed functions occurs. Institutional reconfigurations through rescaled government and multi-level and cross-regional governance network are not common in lower-tier city's spatial strategies.
A novel core-shell composite based on UiO-66-NH2@COF has been successfully prepared by covalent coupling and used as a platform for constructing ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensors. This work ...establishes a new platform for biosensing using the MOF@COF composite to accurately and rapidly detect analyte for food safety and biological monitoring.
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•The UiO-66-NH2@COF composite is successfully fabricated by a covalent linking approach.•This composite-based electrochemical aptasensor exhibits excellent electrochemical detection performance for ATP and CAP.•This aptasensor can precisely monitor analytes in various real samples.
Exploration and construction of novel porous core-shell composites is of crucial significance due to their prospectively enhanced performances and far-ranging applications. Herein, microporous UiO-66-NH2 as a MOF core is coated by a mesoporous TAPB-DMTP−COF shell to construct the UiO-66-NH2@COF composite via a covalent linking approach. Importantly, the composite with retentive crystallinity and hierarchical porosity significantly improves the electrochemical detection performance, for instance ATP and antibiotic, because this composite has the high affinity between the phosphate groups of aptamers and dense Zr(IV) sites, and strong π-π stacking interaction between aptamers and this MOF@COF. The synthetic strategy in this systematic research expands a rational design for other MOF@COF core-shell hybrid materials to expand their promising applications.
Industrial heritage conservative reuse has become a territorialised urban strategy in China's recent urban regeneration programmes in which the local state mobilises appropriate property market ...participants. The spatialised interpretation of two socialist industrial heritage sites in Hangzhou reveals that industrial heritage conservation has been undertaken as property commodity development with built environment enhancement and economic rewards as priorities. Cultural values and social narratives have yet to be reconstructed to play critical roles in the territorialisation of industrial heritage. Anticipated community engagement and non-state interests' bargaining power have been restrained by the state who exerts vigilance against social unrest that could be brought by heritage conservation.
CO2 is considered as the primary greenhouse gas, resulting in a series of serious environmental problems that affect people's life and health. Carbon capture and sequestration has been implemented as ...one of the most appealing pathways to control and use CO2. Here, we rationally integrate various functional sites within the confined nanospace of a microporous metal–organic framework (MOF) material, which is constructed by mixed‐ligand strategy based on metal‐adeninate vertices. It not only exhibits excellent stability but also can efficiently transform CO2 and epoxides to cyclic carbonates under mild and cocatalyst‐free conditions. Additionally, this catalyst shows extraordinary recyclability for the CO2 cycloaddition reaction.
Up in frames: An exceptionally stable MOF catalyst with metal‐adeninate vertices has been designed and constructed by a mixed‐ligand strategy, which can transform CO2 and epoxide into cyclic carbonates with high efficiency, under mild and cocatalyst‐free conditions.
The hard–soft-acid–base (HSAB) and dual-ligand strategies have been used to construct a pillar-layer luminescent metal–organic framework (MOF) {Zn2(TRZ)2(DBTDC-O2)·DMAc} n (1), in which H2DBTDC-O2 = ...S,S-dioxodibenzothiophen-3,7-dicarboxylic acid and HTRZ = 1,2,4-triazole. Thanks to its high stability in water and quadrangle microporous channels, MOF 1 can be served as a platform of recyclable multi-responsive luminescent sensor for Fe3+, Al3+, SiF6 2–, Cr2O7 2–, nitrofurantoin (NFT), and nitrofurazone (NFZ) in water. This is the first MOF-based sensor for detecting SiF6 2– anion via luminescent enhancement effect. Significantly, 1 also represents a unique example to probe NFZ or NFT by using transition metal MOFs in water, which exhibits the most sensitive sensing ability for NFZ (K sv = 5.2 × 104 M–1) and NFT (K sv = 1.8 × 105 M–1) via luminescent quenching.
Publication of the complete genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana, the first plant reference genome, in December 2000 heralded the beginning of the plant genome era. Over the past 20 years ...reference genomes have been generated for hundreds of plant species, spanning non-vascular to flowering plants. Releasing these plant genomes has dramatically advanced studies in all disciplines of plant biology. Importantly, multiple reference-level genomes have been generated for the major crops and their progenitors, enabling the creation of pan-genomes and exploration of domestication history and natural variations that can be adopted by modern crop breeding. We summarize the progress of plant genome sequencing and the challenges of sequencing more complex plant genomes and generating pan-genomes.
Over the past 20 years the sequences of over 1000 plant genomes have been published, representing 788 different species with a high level of diversity.Long-read sequencing with novel scaffolding strategies has further revolutionized genome sequencing, enabling access to more chromosome-scale assemblies of plant species with increasing genome complexity and size.Citation trees for the first genome papers for Arabidopsis and rice illustrate substantial developments in plant genomics and a plant genome-enabled renaissance in all disciplines of plant biology over the past 20 years.Constructing near-complete genomes, assembling complex genomes, and building reference pan-genomes are some of the most challenges in future sequencing of plant genomes.
Porous materials, especially metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and supramolecular organic frameworks, are widely used in heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption, and ion exchange. ...Cucurbitnurils (Qns) suitable building units for porous materials because they possess cavities with neutral electrostatic potential, portal carbonyls with negative electrostatic potential, and outer surfaces with positive electrostatic potential, which may result in the formation of Qn‐based supramolecular frameworks (QSFs) assembled through the interaction of guests within Qns, the coordination of Qns with metal ions, and outer‐surface interaction of Qns (OSIQ). This review summarizes the various QSFs assembled via OSIQs. The QSFs can be classified as being assembled by 1) self‐induced OSIQ, 2) anion‐induced OSIQ, and 3) aromatic‐induced OSIQ. The design and construction of QSFs with novel structures and specific functional properties may establish a new research direction in Qn chemistry.
This review summarizes the outer‐surface interactions of cucurbitnurils (OSIQ) in various simple cucurbitnuril‐based supramolecular frameworks (QSFs) and QSFs assembled via self‐induced OSIQ, anion‐induced OSIQs, and aromatic‐induced OSIQs. The design and construction of QSFs with novel structures and specific functional properties establishes a new research direction in cucurbitnuril chemistry.
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