Salinity stress is a serious abiotic stress that negatively affect the crop growth and development. Mineral nutrient supplementation is considered as an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse ...effects of salinity. Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient needed for plants and its application also an effective strategy to mitigate adverse impacts of salinity. Salinity stress disturbs plant physiological, and biochemical functions, antioxidant activities, cellular membranes, antioxidant activities and nutrient uptake thereby cause significant reduction in plant growth and development. The application of N maintains membrane stability, plant water relations, leaf gas exchange characteristics, and protect the plants from oxidative damages which induce the salt tolerance in plants. Besides, this N also improves nutrient uptake and it also induce cellular signaling that mitigate the adverse impacts of salinity. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the role of N in inducing salt tolerance in plants. In present review the mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation in plants under saline conditions are discussed. The present review provides information on how N mitigates ionic toxicity, and oxidative damages and maintains nutrient balance to counter the toxic effects of salinity stress in plants. This review will help the readers to learning more about the role of N in inducing salt tolerance in plants.
The core intention of the researchers is to develop and confirm a multi-item measurement scale for consumption related cognition through teenagers’ involvement in Television Commercial (TVC) of ...developing country like Bangladesh. Another important purpose of this research is to understand the influence of TV advertisements on consumption related cognition of developing countries’ teenagers. Very limited research has been conducted on consumption related cognition through involvement of TVC, even though it is the fundamental step which activates any consumers’ — especially teenagers’ — buying stimuli. Among the limited ones conducted, most of the research work has focused on scale items, such as product knowledge, consumer perception, purchasing intention, brand perception and product usage without providing any importance to complex variable or factors of consumption related cognition from which the scale items derive. Hence, an elaborated multi step research method has been used to find out and refine both the complex and simple variables of consumption related cognition through TVC involvement. Research findings have been statistically verified using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques. This research has revealed six main complex variables or factors namely consumption related- cognitive awareness, cognitive knowledge, cognitive mapping, cognitive linkage, cognitive complexity and cognitive skills. Four to five multi item measurement scales have been derived from each of the six factors.
The size of the teenage population is quite large in developing countries (1.6 billion), compared to the developed countries (240 million). The identical trend is also available in Bangladesh where ...the teenagers are about 21% of the total population. TV and TVCs have a major influence on the buying decisions of Bangladeshi middle-class teenagers like other developing counties, even with the emergence of digital and social media. As such, the research is focusing on the influence of TVCs in buying decision of the middle-class urban teenagers of Bangladesh. An elaborated multi-step research method including pertinent literature review, expert in-depth interview, focus group discussions and a structured questionnaire survey has been accomplished. Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 21 were used for the analysis of survey data. The study has observed that 95% of urban teens watch TV either regularly or occasionally, where females were more inclined (97%) to watch TV than males (93%). The majority of teens watch TV at night (71%) and in the evening (21%). The teens are found to prefer sports the most (41%) followed by drama serials (29%). The study has revealed that 89% of the respondents watch TVCs regularly or occasionally. The study has also explored that 67% of urban teens are influenced by TVCs to make purchase decisions, while the late teens were more influenced by TVCs (71%) than the early teens (62%). Majority of the respondents are fascinated by models or celebrities (65%) to watch the TVCs. These research findings will assist marketers and business professionals of Bangladesh as well as similar developing countries to target specific teenage segments, types of TVCs, peak hour of airing TVCs and models or celebrity endorsement while prepare cost effective brand communication plan.
This research analyses the performance of the private university business graduates. Four broad categories of expected skills, with a number of variables in each category, are evaluated. The research ...showed that the private university business graduates' performance with respect to the categories (4) and variables (25) are above average but have not reached satisfactory level. From the rankings obtained of each of the variables, the most important variables (category-wise) are found to be planning from management skills; problem-solving and analytical skills from technical skills; inter-personal abilities from communication skills; and honesty and positive attitude from personality traits. The factor analysis has also identified four important factors from 25 variables. The factors are management and relevant technical skills, inner personality traits, honesty and communication and related technical skills. The analysis revealed that the rate of promotion is not influenced by the quality perception, which is most likely due to other external and internal factors and policies that are associated with promotion decisions. Finally, the private universities of Bangladesh have accommodated a huge number of high school graduates to pursue higher education and they should also ensure good quality education, so that employers and the general mass do not remain skeptical about the competency of these private university graduates. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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