Here we present a novel hyperpolarization method, Chemical Reaction-Induced Multi-molecular Polarization (CRIMP), which could be applied to the study of several
in vivo
processes simultaneously ...including glycolysis, TCA cycle, fatty acid synthesis and pH mapping. Through the use of non-enzymatic decarboxylation, we generate four hyperpolarized imaging agents from hyperpolarized 1,2-
13
C pyruvic acid.
Here we present a novel hyperpolarization method, Chemical Reaction-Induced Multi-molecular Polarization (CRIMP), which could be applied to the study of several
in vivo
processes simultaneously including glycolysis, TCA cycle, fatty acid synthesis and pH mapping.
The aim of the present study was to monitor the efficacy of treatment, morbidity and mortality over a 10-year period in 939 moderate to severe hypertensive patients. All patients were treated in the ...same hypertension clinic with the beta 1-selective agent atenolol, administered either alone or more usually with a diuretic with or without a vasodilator or other agents. Survival rates were compared with predicted survival rates, had the hypertension not been treated, and also with those of a local reference population matched for age and sex. After a mean follow-up time of 6.1 years, mean blood pressure (BP) was significantly lowered from 183/109 to 145/87 mmHg. Biochemical disturbance was minimal. There were 79 withdrawals from treatment, of whom 37 were lost to follow-up. There were 91 deaths on intention to treat. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) on treatment, and not initial BP, was a powerful predictor of mortality. Patients of all age groups with well-controlled SBP were less likely to die, particularly from myocardial infarction, than those with less well controlled SBP (P less than 0.001). However, due to possible J-curve relationships between treated BP and outcome, lowering SBP below 140-150 mmHg in the elderly, and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) below about 85 mmHg, may not be beneficial. Total mortality and mortality due to myocardial infarction was about 60% corrected, of predicted level, had a high BP not been treated, being similar to that in a local reference control population (age- and sex-matched). The death rate from stroke was reduced to about 50% of that predicted. Patients who died showed a mean fall in mean serum triglyceride concentration in contrast to the mean increase that occurred in survivors. It is concluded that patients with moderate to severe hypertension who obtain a high level of general health care and optimal control of BP for up to 10 years, experience a significant decrease in total mortality rate and death from myocardial infarction and stroke.
The results of follow-up observations of the TeV ...-ray source HESS J1640-465 from 2004 to 2011 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) are reported in this work. The spectrum is well ...described by an exponential cut-off power law with photon index ... = 2.11 ± 0.09... ± 0.10..., and a cut-off energy of E...=6.0... TeV. The TeV emission is significantly extended and overlaps with the northwestern part of the shell of the SNR G338.3-0.0. The new HESS results, a re-analysis of archival XMM-Newton data and multiwavelength observations suggest that a significant part of the ...-ray emission from HESS J1640-465 originates in the supernova remnant shell. In a hadronic scenario, as suggested by the smooth connection of the GeV and TeV spectra, the product of total proton energy and mean target density could be as high as WpnH ~ 4 x 10...(d/10kpc)... erg cm... (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
A deep observation campaign carried out by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) on Centaurus A enabled the discovery of ...-rays from the blazar 1ES 1312...423, 2... away from the radio galaxy. ...With a differential flux at 1 TeV of ...(1 TeV) = (1.9 ± 0.6... ± 0.4...) x 10... cm... s... TeV... corresponding to 0.5 per cent of the Crab nebula differential flux and a spectral index ... = 2.9 ± 0.5... ± 0.2..., 1ES 1312 423 is one of the faintest sources ever detected in the very high energy (E > 100 GeV) extragalactic sky. A careful analysis using three and a half years of Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) data allows the discovery at high energies (E > 100 MeV) of a hard spectrum (... = 1.4 ± 0.4... ± 0.2...) source coincident with 1ES 1312...423. Radio, optical, UV and X-ray observations complete the spectral energy distribution of this blazar, now covering 16 decades in energy. The emission is successfully fitted with a synchrotron self-Compton model for the non-thermal component, combined with a blackbody spectrum for the optical emission from the host galaxy. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves episodic nocturnal apneas. Using polysomnography, we examined the predictive capacity of screening questionnaires (Berlin) in pregnancy. Incorporating ...simultaneous fetal heart rate monitoring (FHM), we examined the association of maternal apnea with FHM abnormalities. Study Design We enrolled 100 pregnant women at 26-39 weeks of gestation with OSA screening and baseline data ascertainment who underwent polysomnography and FHM for ≥3 hours. The relationship between maternal characteristics, OSA, and FHM was explored with multivariate analyses that were controlled for potential confounders. Results When compared with polysomnography, sensitivity and specificity by Berlin screening was 35% and 63.8%, respectively; the snoring component of the Berlin correlated better with oxygen desaturation <95% ( P = .003). Body mass index was a significant confounder (rs = 0.44; P < .0001). No association was observed between FHM abnormalities and OSA parameters. Conclusion In pregnancy, the Berlin questionnaire poorly predicts OSA. It is unclear whether fetal compromise during maternal apnea is a mechanism in OSA that is related to pregnancy outcome.
In various applications, a wider area needs to be covered by fiduciary markers but a large marker cannot be used because only a fraction of the area is to be viewed by the camera. Such an area can be ...covered by a number of small markers with unique identifiers. However, with the camera freely moving in the scene and with occluders present, it is difficult to ensure that at least one of the individual markers is completely visible, unless the markers are small and numerous. In that case, the markers are not recognizable from larger distances. In this paper we introduce the concept of Marker Fields which overcome this limitation. The Marker Field covers a large-scale planar (or non-planar) area and it is composed of mutually overlapping partial markers. We propose a particular arrangement of the Marker Field: a Uniform Checker-Board Marker Field, which is a black- and-white checkerboard whose square modules are defined by aperiodic 4-orientable binary n 2 -window arrays (De Bruijn tori). We propose a genetic algorithm for construction of 4-orientable n 2 window arrays. We used a supercomputer to synthesize large 4-orientable 4 2 window arrays and offer them publicly for downloading. We prototyped an algorithm for detection of the checkerboard marker fields and measured its performance. When processing input video from a cellphone camera, the algorithm visits only about 5 % of image pixels for reliable detection and the processing time is about 1 ms on a mid-range PC processor. The Uniform Marker Field increases freedom of camera movement, especially with occluders present in the scene. The detection algorithm is efficient and real-time marker field detection will be feasible on ultramobile devices.
We compute the skewness t3 and the corresponding hierarchical amplitude T3 of the divergence of the velocity field for arbitrary non-Gaussian initial conditions. We find that T3 qualitatively ...resembles the corresponding hierarchical amplitude for the density field, S3, in that it contains a term proportional to the initial skewness, which decays inversely as the linear growth factor, plus a constant term which differs from the corresponding Gaussian term by a complex function of the initial three- and four-point functions. We extend the results for S3 and T3 with non-Gaussian initial conditions to evolved fields smoothed with a spherical top-hat window function. We show that certain linear combinations, namely S3 + 1/2T3, S3 + T3and s3 +t3, lead to expressions which are much simpler, for non-Gaussian initial conditions, than S3 and T3 (or s3 and t3) considered separately.
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