This article proposes an interpretation of Titian's The Three Ages of Man, based on a medal by Giovanni Boldù. Since the painting was commissioned by the goldsmith Emiliano Targone, I claim that it ...was conceived as a gift for the wedding of his daughter Polissena to Giovanni Bernardi, who belonged in the same trade and therefore he must have been able to interpret the picture. Titian would have worked on the canvas between 1516 and 1524, and he produced an exceptionally beautiful epithalamic painting that, besides conforming to genre conventions, conveys a profound moral message that can be deduced from the medal.
To perform in vitro assessments of surface haze and roughness, subsurface nanoglistenings (SSNGs), and glistenings of a new hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) in comparison to commercially ...available IOLs.
Universities of Utah and Alcalá, and Alcon Vision, LLC.
Experimental study.
The IOLs used were Clareon CNA0T0, Tecnis ZCB00 and Tecnis OptiBlue ZCB00V, Eternity W-60, enVista MX60, and Vivinex XY1. Surface haze was assessed by the pixel intensity units (PIU) from cross-sectional slitlamp images, and it was correlated to atomic force microscopy roughness. For SSNGs, the IOLs were artificially aged up to 10 years, followed by Scheimpflug densitometry (computer-compatible tape unit CCTU) measurements. For glistenings, the IOLs were immersed in a water bath and subjected to temperature changes before analysis.
The surface haze (n = 10, PIU) was 4.25 ± 0.87 (SD) (CNA0T0), 9.50 ± 1.66 (ZCB00), 39.48 ± 1.97 (ZCB00V), 46.68 ± 3.16 (W-60), 44.70 ± 4.00 (MX60), and 4.42 ± 0.71 (XY1) (P < .001), which showed a strong correlation with surface roughness measurements (R = 0.94, P = .006). The densitometry (n = 10, CCTU at 10 years) was 7.30 ± 1.36 (CNA0T0), 11.88 ± 3.10 (ZCB00), 38.12 ± 2.24 (ZCB00V), 48.13 ± 9.44 (W-60), 20.20 ± 3.84 (MX60), and 6.75 ± 6.66 (XY1) (P < .001), with no significant differences between CNA0T0 vs. ZCB00 and XY1. The glistenings density (n = 30) was the lowest for the CNA0T0, W-60, and MX60 IOLs.
The new Clareon CNA0T0, which is manufactured from a hydrophobic acrylic material, exhibited among the lowest levels of surface haze and roughness, SSNGs, and glistenings compared with other commercially available hydrophobic acrylic IOLs.
Introduction
Higher preoperative myopic astigmatism is associated with a higher probability of retreatment due to patient dissatisfaction as a result of residual cylindrical error. Nonetheless, ...retreatment is safe and the final clinical results are comparable to those of patients with lower preoperative astigmatism who were satisfied with the primary treatment. Our purpose is to compare the efficacy and safety of femtosecond LASIK (FS-LASIK) for the refractive correction of patients with low (< 1.5 Diopters (D) versus high (≥ 1.5 D) myopic astigmatism.
Methods
Retrospective observational study of 841 eyes of 825 eligible patients treated with FSLASIK for the correction of simple or compound myopic astigmatism. Outcome measures included residual error, best corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity (BCVA and UCVA), efficacy and safety 3 months after the primary procedure or the retreatment.
Results
Of 841 eyes in total, 432 (51.37%) had < 1.5 D (Group 1) and 409 (48.63%) had ≥ 1.5 D (Group 2) preoperative myopic astigmatism. The efficacy index of primary treatment was 0.94 ± 0.18 in Group 1 and 0.89 ± 0.22 in Group 2 (
P
= 0.001). Of 138 eyes (16.41%) that were retreated due to dis-satisfaction related to residual refractive error, 28 belonged to Group 1 (6.5%) and 110 (26.9%) to Group 2 (
P
< 0.001). Following retreatment, small but statistically significant differences in the residual mean postoperative cylinder (−0.08 ± 0.24 vs −0.27 ± 0.46 D,
P
= 0.001) and UCVA (1.11 vs 0.96,
P
= 0.0001) were detected for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the safety and efficacy indices.
Conclusion
Following FS-LASIK, eyes with myopic astigmatism ≥ 1.5 D have approximately four times more chances of undergoing retreatment due to dis-satisfaction caused by residual refractive error compared to eyes with myopic astigmatism < 1.5 D. However, the clinical results after retreatment are highly satisfactory and comparable in both groups.
To compare the induced corneal stromal bed roughness measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM) after LASIK flap creation with the IntraLase 60 kHz and the VisuMax femtosecond laser platforms. Three ...freshly enucleated porcine eyes were operated with each femtosecond laser in this experimental study. Standard LASIK treatment parameters were used for the experiment. After LASIK flap creation, the corneal stromal roughness was assessed using a JPK NanoWizard II.sup.® AFM in contact mode immersed in liquid. Olympus OMCL-RC800PSA commercial silicon nitride cantilever tips were used. Surface measurements were made in 10 regions of the central cornea of each sample measuring 20 x 20 microns, at 512 x 512 point resolution. Roughness was measured using the root-mean-square (RMS) value within the given regions. This AFM study indicates that the surface of the stromal bed after LASIK flap creation is smoother in the FS2 group than the FS1 group.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article supports the use for catechesis of the series of the Christian
Doctrine of Miguel de Santiago for the convent of San Francisco de Quito through
the analysis of the sources on which it is ...based, especially the illustrated
catechisms. After recalling the use of images in teaching doctrine in the Tridentine
Church, it shows their concrete application in colonial America to focus on this
masterpiece of the art of counter-reform
Este artículo fundamenta el empleo para la catequesis de la serie de la Doctrina cristiana de Miguel de Santiago para el convento de San Francisco de Quito a través del análisis de las fuentes en la que está basada, especialmente los catecismos ilustrados. Tras recordar el empleo de las imágenes en la enseñanza de la doctrina en el la iglesia tridentina, muestra su aplicación concreta en la América colonial para centrarse en esta obra cumbre del arte de la contrarreforma.
To analyze the recovery of the subbasal nerve plexus in corneas treated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) at least 10 years prior compared with nonoperated corneas.
Clínica Novovisión, ...Madrid, Spain.
Prospective nonrandomized observational study.
Eyes that had LASIK surgery at least 10 years before (LASIK group) were compared with nonoperated healthy eyes (control group). The subbasal nerve plexus morphology (main nerves density, nerve length, nerve branches density, grade of nerve tortuosity, and reflectivity) and the dendritic cell density from the confocal images obtained with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II were analyzed.
The study comprised 47 eyes (27 eyes in the LASIK group and 20 eyes in the control group). The values were significantly lower in the LASIK group compared with the control group in main nerves density (9.15 nerves/mm2 ± 3.46 SD versus 11.75 ± 2.86 nerves/mm2; P = .009) and nerve branches density (2.96 ± 1.99 nerves/mm2 versus 5.35 ± 3.05 nerves/mm2; P = .002). No significant differences were found in nerve length, grade of nerve tortuosity, dendritic cell density, or subbasal nerve plexus reflectivity between the two groups.
The outcomes suggested that the subbasal corneal nerve plexus did not completely recover its preoperative pattern at least 10 years after LASIK. Both main nerves density and nerve branches density continued to be significantly lower compared with virgin corneas after a mean 13-year follow-up, although other parameters of nerve morphology (nerve length, tortuosity, and reflectivity) returned to normal levels.
Abstract
Background
To compare the anterior surface roughness of two commercially available posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Methods
Four phakic ...IOLs were used for this prospective, experimental study: two Visian ICL EVO+ V5 lenses and two iPCL 2.0 lenses. All of them were brand new, were not previously implanted in humans, were monofocal and had a dioptric power of − 12 diopters (D). The anterior surface roughness was assessed using a JPK NanoWizard II® atomic force microscope in contact mode immersed in liquid. Olympus OMCL-RC800PSA commercial silicon nitride cantilever tips were used. Anterior surface roughness measurements were made in 7 areas of 10 × 10 μm at 512 × 512 point resolution. The roughness was measured using the root-mean-square (RMS) value within the given regions.
Results
The mean of all anterior surface roughness measurements was 6.09 ± 1.33 nm (nm) in the Visian ICL EVO+ V5 and 3.49 ± 0.41 nm in the iPCL 2.0 (
p
= 0.001).
Conclusion
In the current study, we found a statistically significant smoother anterior surface in the iPCL 2.0 phakic intraocular lenses compared with the VISIAN ICL EVO+ V5 lenses when studied with atomic force microscopy.
Obesity is a negative chronic metabolic health condition that represents an additional risk for the development of multiple pathologies. Epidemiological studies have shown how maternal obesity or ...gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy constitute serious risk factors in relation to the appearance of cardiometabolic diseases in the offspring. Furthermore, epigenetic remodelling may help explain the molecular mechanisms that underlie these epidemiological findings. Thus, in this study we explored the DNA methylation landscape of children born to mothers with obesity and gestational diabetes during their first year of life.
We used Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip arrays to profile more than 770,000 genome-wide CpG sites in blood samples from a paediatric longitudinal cohort consisting of 26 children born to mothers who suffered from obesity or obesity with gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and 13 healthy controls (measurements taken at 0, 6 and 12 month; total N = 90). We carried out cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses to derive DNA methylation alterations associated with developmental and pathology-related epigenomics.
We identified abundant DNA methylation changes during child development from birth to 6 months and, to a lesser extent, up to 12 months of age. Using cross-sectional analyses, we discovered DNA methylation biomarkers maintained across the first year of life that could discriminate children born to mothers who suffered from obesity or obesity with gestational diabetes. Importantly, enrichment analyses suggested that these alterations constitute epigenetic signatures that affect genes and pathways involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, postnatal developmental processes and mitochondrial bioenergetics, such as CPT1B, SLC38A4, SLC35F3 and FN3K. Finally, we observed evidence of an interaction between developmental DNA methylation changes and maternal metabolic condition alterations.
Our observations highlight the first six months of development as being the most crucial for epigenetic remodelling. Furthermore, our results support the existence of systemic intrauterine foetal programming linked to obesity and gestational diabetes that affects the childhood methylome beyond birth, which involves alterations related to metabolic pathways, and which may interact with ordinary postnatal development programmes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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