Brucellosis is one of the most common contagious and communicable zoonotic diseases with high rates of morbidity and lifetime sterility. There has been a momentous increase over the recent years in ...intra/interspecific infection rates, due to poor management and limited resources, especially in developing countries. Abortion in the last trimester is a predominant sign, followed by reduced milk yield and high temperature in cattle, while in humans it is characterized by undulant fever, general malaise, and arthritis. While the clinical picture of brucellosis in humans and cattle is not clear and often misleading with the classical serological diagnosis, efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of current serological assays through the development of PCR-based diagnosis. Due to its complex nature, brucellosis remains a serious threat to public health and livestock in developing countries. In this review, we summarized the recent literature, significant advancements, and challenges in the treatment and vaccination against brucellosis, with a special focus on developing countries.
The current research was aimed to profile the transcriptomic picture of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) associated with immunity in Chinese Holsteins supplemented orally with coated folic ...acid during the periparturient period.
The total of 123 perinatal cows were selected for this study and divided into three groups; group A (n = 41, 240mg/ 500 kg cow/day), group B (n = 40, 120mg/ 500 kg cow/day) and group C (n = 42, 0mg/cow/day) based on the quantity of folic acid fed. Three samples of PBLs were selected from each folic acid treated group (High, Low, and Control) and RNA sequencing method was carried out for transcriptomic analysis.
The analysis revealed that a higher number of genes and pathways were regulated in response to high and low folic acid supplementation compared to the controls. We reported the novel pathways (TNF signaling, Antigen processing and presentation, Staphylococcus aureus infection and NF-kappa B signaling pathways) and the key genes (e.g. CXCL10, TNFRSFIA, CD4, BOLA-DQB, NFKBIA, and TNFSF13) having great importance in immunity and anti-inflammation in the periparturient cows in response to coated folic acid treatment.
Collectively, our study profiled first-time transcriptomic analysis of bovine lymphocytes and compared the involved cytokines, genes, and pathways between High vs. Control and Low vs. Control. Our data suggest that the low folic acid supplementation (120 mg/500 kg) could be a good choice to boost appropriate immunity and anti-inflammation as well as might being applied to the health improvement of perinatal dairy cows.
In this study, a novel stochastic computational frameworks based on fractional Meyer wavelet artificial neural network (FMW-ANN) is designed for nonlinear-singular fractional Lane-Emden (NS-FLE) ...differential equation. The modeling strength of FMW-ANN is used to transformed the differential NS-FLE system to difference equations and approximate theory is implemented in mean squared error sense to develop a merit function for NS-FLE differential equations. Meta-heuristic strength of hybrid computing by exploiting global search efficacy of genetic algorithms (GA) supported with local refinements with efficient active-set (AS) algorithm is used for optimization of design variables FMW-ANN., i.e., FMW-ANN-GASA. The proposed FMW-ANN-GASA methodology is implemented on NS-FLM for six different scenarios in order to exam the accuracy, convergence, stability and robustness. The proposed numerical results of FMW-ANN-GASA are compared with exact solutions to verify the correctness, viability and efficacy. The statistical observations further validate the worth of FMW-ANN-GASA for the solution of singular nonlinear fractional order systems.
In the current study, a modern implementation of intelligent numerical computational solver introduced using the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm based trained neural networks (LMA-TNN) to analyze the ...wire coating system (WCS) for the elastic-viscous non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell fluid (EPF) with the impacts of Joule heating, magnetic parameter and heat transfer scenarios in the permeable medium. The nonlinear PDEs describing the WCS-EPF are converted into dimensionless nonlinear ODEs containing the heat and viscosity parameters. The reference data for the designed LMA-TNN is produced for various scenarios of WCS-EPF representing with porosity parameter, non-Newtonian parameter, heat transfer parameter and magnetic parameter for the proposed analysis using the state of the art explicit Runge-Kutta technique. The training, validation, and testing operations of LMA-TNN are carried out to obtain the numerical solution of WCS-EPF for various cases and their comparison with the approximate outcomes certifying the reasonable accuracy and precision of LMA-TNN approach. The outcomes of LMA-TNN solver in terms of state transition (ST) index, error-histograms (EH) illustration, mean square error, and regression (R) studies further established the worth for stochastic numerical solution of the WCS-EPF. The strong correlation between the suggested and the reference outcomes indicates the structure's validity, for all four cases of WCS-EPF, fitting of the precision Formula: see text to Formula: see text is also accomplished.
Introduction
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a globally prevalent condition that leads to infertility in women. While environmental factors contribute to PCOS, maternal genetics also play a ...significant role. Currently, there is no definitive test for identifying predisposition to PCOS. Hence, our objective is to discover novel maternal genetic risk factors for PCOS by investigating the genomes of patients from Pakistan.
Methods
We utilized Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to sequence the complete mitochondrial DNA of three PCOS patients. Subsequently, we employed MitoTIP (Mitochondrial tRNA Informatics Predictor) and PON-mt-tRNA tools to identify variations in the mitochondrial DNA. Our analysis focused on the genes MT-RNR1, MT-RNR2, MT-ATP6, MT-TL2, and MT-CYTB, which displayed common variations in all three genomes. Additionally, we observed individual variations. The D-loop region exhibited the highest frequency of mutations, followed by the non-coding regions of RNR1 and RNR2 genes. Moreover, we detected frameshift mutations in the mitochondrially encoded NADH Dehydrogenase 2 (MT-ND2) and mitochondrially encoded NADH Dehydrogenase 5 (ND5) genes within individual genomes.
Results
Our analysis unveiled six regions with common variations in the mitochondrial DNA of all three PCOS patients. Notably, the MT-RNR1, MT-RNR2, MT-ATP6, MT-TL2, and MT-CYTB genes exhibited these variations. Additionally, we identified individual variations in the mitochondrial DNA. The D-loop region displayed the highest mutation frequency, followed by the non-coding regions of RNR1 and RNR2 genes. Furthermore, frameshift mutations were detected in the MT-ND2 and ND5 genes within individual genomes.
Conclusion
Through our study, we have identified variations in mitochondrial DNA that may be associated with the development of PCOS and have the potential to serve as predisposition tests. Our findings highlight the presence of novel mutations in the MT-RNR1, MT-RNR2, MT-ATP6, MT-TL2, and MT-CYTB genes, as well as frameshift mutations in the MT-ND2 and ND5 genes. Pathogenicity analysis indicated that most variants were likely to result in benign cysts. However, the frameshift mutations in the ND2 gene were associated with a high risk of complications and pathogenicity in PCOS. This is the first report identifying these mutations and their association with PCOS, contributing to our understanding of the genetic factors underlying the condition.
Estimation of the effectiveness of Au nanoparticles concentration in peristaltic flow through a curved channel by using a data driven stochastic numerical paradigm based on artificial neural network ...is presented in this study. In the modelling, nano composite is considered involving multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated with gold nanoparticles with different slip conditions. Modeled differential system of the physical problem is numerically analyzed for different scenarios to predict numerical data for velocity and temperature by Adams Bashforth method and these solutions are used as a reference dataset of the networks. Data is processed by segmentation into three categories i.e., training, validation and testing while Levenberg-Marquart training algorithm is adopted for optimization of networks results in terms of performance on mean square errors, train state plots, error histograms, regression analysis, time series responses, and auto-correlation, which establish the accurate and efficient recognition of trends of the system.
The secretory and autophagic pathways are two fundamental, evolutionary highly conserved endomembrane processes. Typically, secretion is associated with biosynthesis and delivery of proteins. In ...contrast, autophagy is usually considered as a degradative pathway. Thus, an analogy to metabolic pathways is evident. Anabolic (biosynthetic) and catabolic (degradative) pathways are usually intimately linked and intertwined, and likewise, the secretory and autophagy pathways are intertwined. Investigation of this link is an emerging area of research, and we will provide an overview of some of the major advances that have been made to contribute to understanding of how secretion regulates autophagy and vice versa. Finally, we will highlight evidence that supports a potential involvement of the autophagy-secretion crosstalk in human diseases.
Mammary glands are known for their ability to convert nutrients present in the blood into milk contents. In cows, milk synthesis and the proliferation of cow mammary epithelial cells (CMECs) are ...regulated by various factors, including nutrients such as amino acids and glucose, hormones, and environmental stress. Amino acids, in particular, play a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation and casein synthesis in mammalian epithelial cells, apart from being building blocks for protein synthesis. Studies have shown that environmental factors, particularly heat stress, can negatively impact milk production performance in dairy cattle. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is considered the primary signaling pathway involved in regulating cell proliferation and milk protein and fat synthesis in cow mammary epithelial cells in response to amino acids and heat stress. Given the significant role played by the mTORC signaling pathway in milk synthesis and cell proliferation, this article briefly discusses the main regulatory genes, the impact of amino acids and heat stress on milk production performance, and the regulation of mTORC signaling pathway in cow mammary epithelial cells.
The COPII-cargo adaptor complex Lst1-Sec23 selectively sorts proteins into vesicles that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and traffic to the Golgi. Improperly folded proteins are prevented ...from exiting the ER and are degraded. ER-phagy is an autophagic degradation pathway that uses ER-resident receptors. Working in yeast, we found an unexpected role for Lst1-Sec23 in ER-phagy that was independent from its function in secretion. Up-regulation of the stress-inducible ER-phagy receptor Atg40 induced the association of Lst1-Sec23 with Atg40 at distinct ER domains to package ER into autophagosomes. Lst1-mediated ER-phagy played a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by preventing the accumulation of an aggregation-prone protein in the ER. Lst1 function appears to be conserved because its mammalian homolog, SEC24C, was also required for ER-phagy.
In the current study; insecticidal, growth regulation, oviposition deterrence and repellency of petroleum ether extracts of Azadirachta indica, Penganum harmala, Datura stramonium, Tribulus ...terrestris and Chenopodium murale against 2nd instar larvae of housefly was investigated. Five different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) were used through larval feeding and the mortality data was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Highest mortality was induced by P. harmala (63.87%) followed by D. stramonium (62.78%), A. indica (53.84%), T. terrestris (41.86%) and C. murale (4.09%) after 72 h at 25% concentration, respectively. Increased mortality was observed with increased time duration and concentration. Longest larval duration (9.33 ± 0.33 days) and pupal duration (7.33 ± 0.33 days) days) was recorded in larvae treated with 25% concentration of P. harmala which also caused a decrease in the activity of AChE, ACP, AKP, α-Carboxyl, and β-Carboxyl enzymes. However, at 25% concentration, C. murale showed highest oviposition deterrence activity (81.88%) followed by D. stramonium (79.58%). In comet assay test, at highest concentration (25%) the mean comet tail lengths represented by Penganum harmala, Datura stramonium and Azadirachta indica (Reference plant) were 10.20 ± 0.49, 9.20 ± 0.37 and 7.80 ± 0.49 μm while percent DNA damage was 10.56 ± 0.77, 10.67 ± 1.62 and 8.11 ± 0.85% respectively compared to controls cells. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids, steroids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids and anthraquinones. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of phenolic flavonoids, saponins, tannins as major functional groups. Further studies are needed to explore and thus, to incorporate weed plant extracts for the management of house flies.
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