Microfluidics for personalized drug delivery Alavi, Seyed Ebrahim; Alharthi, Sitah; Alavi, Seyedeh Fatemeh ...
Drug discovery today,
April 2024, 2024-Apr, 2024-04-00, 20240401, Letnik:
29, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
•Microfluidics has revolutionized drug delivery, ensuring precision and controlled release.•Laminar flows in microchannels allow predictable and controllable fluid behavior.•3D printing has emerged ...as a cost-effective, versatile method for microfluidic-device fabrication.•Experimental results have demonstrated the superior efficacy of microfluidic approaches in therapeutic application.•The combination of nanotechnology, automation and biomedicine holds promise for scalable microfluidics-driven nanodrug delivery system production.
This review highlights the transformative impact of microfluidic technology on personalized drug delivery. Microfluidics addresses issues in traditional drug synthesis, providing precise control and scalability in nanoparticle fabrication, and microfluidic platforms show high potential for versatility, offering patient-specific dosing and real-time monitoring capabilities, all integrated into wearable technology. Covalent conjugation of antibodies to nanoparticles improves bioactivity, driving innovations in drug targeting. The integration of microfluidics with sensor technologies and artificial intelligence facilitates real-time feedback and autonomous adaptation in drug delivery systems. Key challenges, such as droplet polydispersity and fluidic handling, along with future directions focusing on scalability and reliability, are essential considerations in advancing microfluidics for personalized drug delivery.
A group of seven-week-old albino mice of both genders were orally administered with a suspension of 25 mg Ti-6Al-4Nb/ml of saline/kg body weight and evaluated in comparison with a control group of ...animals treated with saline. Evaluation of both the groups was conducted through behavioral tests (Rota rod, open field, novel object and light dark box test), blood biochemical tests complete blood count and selected serum parameters (cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, creatinine and triglycerides) and on the basis of measured concentration of antioxidant metabolites (superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation) in vital organs (brain, heart, liver, kidney and lungs). Based upon the results of these tests, it has been found that the applied dose of Ti-6Al-4Nb alloy powder has not effect on physical and neurological outcome of these animals. However, it can increase low-density lipoprotein concentrations as well as disturb the H
2
O
2
and lipid peroxidation associated metabolic pathways, especially in male albino mice. Whereas all other hematological indices and antioxidative stress parameters were unaffected.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study develops and evaluates two oral delivery systems, including miltefosine-loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated and non-PEGylated liposomal formulations (MT-Lip and MT-PEG-Lip, ...respectively), for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). MT-PEG-Lip nanoparticles displayed nanoscale sizes, negative zeta potentials, and homogenous populations (259 ± 13.6 and 248 ± 13.8 nm; −28 ± 1.6 and −13 ± 0.8 mV; polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.272 ± 0.014 and 0.279 ± 0.013 for MT-Lip and MT-PEG-Lip, respectively). Morphological evaluations confirmed uniform, spherical particles with smooth surfaces. PEGylation enhanced sustained drug release, vital for prolonged therapeutic effects. MT-Lip released 92.7 % and 70.5 % of the drug at pHs 1.2 and 6.8 after 72 h, while MT-PEG-Lip exhibited 69.8 % and 57.3 %, respectively. Stability tests over three months showed slight changes, affirming resilience. In vitro, MT-PEG-Lip demonstrated superior antileishmanial effects (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for MT, MT-Lip, MT-PEG-Lip: 73.6, 23.7, and 9 μM against promastigote, and 86.1, 46.6, and 26.8 μM against amastigote, respectively). In vivo, MT-PEG-Lip significantly reduced lesion size (7.8- and 2.1-fold compared to MT and MT-Lip, respectively) and parasite burden (2.8- and 1.8-fold compared to MT and MT-Lip, respectively) in Leishmania major (L. major)-infected BALB/c mice. Histopathological assessments confirmed the safety of liposomal formulations, establishing MT-PEG-Lip as an efficient drug delivery platform for targeted CL treatment, addressing challenges in drug delivery and efficacy.
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This study investigated the anti-arthritic potential of novel mannich-based derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (AK7 and AK9) in rats. The compounds were characterized by NMR and FTIR ...spectroscopies and their acute anti-inflammatory effects were measured by carrageenan (CRG)-induced paw edema model. The most potent doses of AK7 and AK9 were subsequently evaluated in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory arthritis model. AK7 and AK9 inhibited CRG-induced inflammation in a dose-dependent fashion and a similar reduction in CFA-induced paw inflammation was observed. Moreover, X-ray and histopathological analyses of AK7-treated animals displayed normal joint structure whereas AK9, despite of its anti-inflammatory effects, failed to protect against cartilage destruction. Interestingly, biochemical analysis revealed a better safety profile for AK7 than for AK9 and methotrexate. Both compounds suppressed mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (IRAK1, NF-κB1, TNF-α, IL1B) while only AK7 reduced the transcript levels of interstitial collagenase (MMP1). Molecular docking analysis of AK7 and AK9 with TNF-α and MMP1 also supported the experimental data. These findings clearly highlight the beneficial effects of AK7 in the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
This study investigated the anti-arthritic potential of novel mannich-based derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (AK7 and AK9) in rats. The compounds were characterized by NMR and FTIR ...spectroscopies and their acute anti-inflammatory effects were measured by carrageenan (CRG)-induced paw edema model. The most potent doses of AK7 and AK9 were subsequently evaluated in the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)–induced inflammatory arthritis model. AK7 and AK9 inhibited CRG-induced inflammation in a dose-dependent fashion and a similar reduction in CFA-induced paw inflammation was observed. Moreover, X-ray and histopathological analyses of AK7-treated animals displayed normal joint structure whereas AK9, despite of its anti-inflammatory effects, failed to protect against cartilage destruction. Interestingly, biochemical analysis revealed a better safety profile for AK7 than for AK9 and methotrexate. Both compounds suppressed mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (
IRAK1
,
NF-κB1
,
TNF-α
,
IL1B
) while only AK7 reduced the transcript levels of interstitial collagenase (
MMP1
). Molecular docking analysis of AK7 and AK9 with TNF-α and MMP1 also supported the experimental data. These findings clearly highlight the beneficial effects of AK7 in the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
Genome of the African Trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei Berriman, Matthew; Ghedin, Elodie; Hertz-Fowler, Christiane ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
07/2005, Letnik:
309, Številka:
5733
Journal Article
Recenzirano
African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma ...brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including approximately900 pseudogenes and approximately1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subtelomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of bacterial origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.
