To reevaluate the safety and practicality of registered respiratory therapists (RRTs) providing monitored anesthesia care during cataract surgery.
Prospective observational cohort study.
A total of ...15,440 consecutive patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery with intraocular lens insertion using topical anesthesia +/- intravenous (IV) sedation at 2 surgical centers.
Registered respiratory therapists, specially trained as anesthesia assistants, provided monitored anesthesia care during all stages of surgery, with an anesthesiologist immediately available for consultation as required.
The primary outcome measure was the rate of serious perioperative medical complications relating to the surgery and anesthesia. The secondary outcome measure was the rate (total and by stage of surgery) of anesthesiologist intervention, defined as consultation by the RRT to the attending anesthesiologist for any reason irrespective of the ultimate level of patient care rendered. Patient age and American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Physical Status (PS) score were also analyzed as potential predictors of the need for anesthesiologist intervention.
There were no serious perioperative medical complications leading to death, endotracheal intubation, or postoperative hospitalization. A total of 395 cases (2.6%) required anesthesia intervention, with 257 (1.7%) occurring preoperatively, 140 (0.91%) occurring intraoperatively, and 5 occurring (0.03%) postoperatively. Seven cases required interventions at 2 different stages of surgery. Mean patient age in the anesthesiology intervention group (73.2 years) was greater than in the non-intervention group (71.2 years) (P = 0.0002), whereas patient age of > or =75 years correlated with a greater need for intervention (3.0%) than <75 years (2.2%) (P = 0.001). The mean ASA PS score was higher for cases requiring anesthesiology intervention (2.6) than for those not requiring intervention (2.2) (P<0.0001), and the intervention rate was significantly greater for cases with ASA ratings > or =3 (5.9%) compared with < or =2 (1.3%) (P<0.0001).
We have demonstrated that allowing RRTs to provide monitored anesthesia care during cataract surgery with an anesthesiologist available as required seems to be both safe (no serious medical complications in 15,440 cases) and practical (anesthesiology intervention rate of 2.6%).
The P2X
7
receptor (P2X
7
R)
4
is highly expressed on the macrophage cell surface and activation of infected cells by extracellular ATP has been shown to kill intracellular bacteria and parasites. ...Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that decrease receptor function reduce the ability of human macrophages to kill
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and are associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In this paper we show that macrophages from people with the 1513C (rs3751143) loss-of-function P2X
7
R SNP are less effective in killing intracellular
Toxoplasma gondii
after exposure to ATP compared with macrophages from people with the 1513A wild-type allele. Supporting a P2X
7
R-specific effect on
T. gondii
, macrophages from P2X
7
R knock-out mice (P2X
7
R
−/−
) are unable to kill
T. gondii
as effectively as macrophages from wild-type mice. We show that P2X
7
R-mediated
T. gondii
killing occurs in parallel with host cell apoptosis and is independent of NO production.
We propose a general purpose home area sensor network and monitoring platform that is intended for e-Health applications, ranging from elderly monitoring to early homecoming after a hospitalization ...period. Our monitoring platform is multipurpose, meaning that the system is easily configurable for various user needs and is easy to set up. The system could be temporarily rented from a service company by, for example, hospitals, elderly service providers, specialized physiological rehabilitation centers, or individuals. Our system consists of a chosen set of sensors, a wireless sensor network, a home client, and a distant server. We evaluated our concept in two initial trials: one with an elderly woman living in sheltered housing, and the other with a hip surgery patient during his rehabilitation phase. The results prove the functionality of the platform. However, efficient utilization of such platforms requires further work on the actual e-Health service concepts.
Background Oral infection of C57BL/6J mice with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii leads to a lethal inflammatory ileitis. Principal Findings Mice lacking the purinergic receptor P2X7R are ...acutely susceptible to toxoplasmic ileitis, losing significantly more weight than C57BL/6J mice and exhibiting much greater intestinal inflammatory pathology in response to infection with only 10 cysts of T. gondii. This susceptibility is not dependent on the ability of P2X7R-deficient mice to control the parasite, which they accomplish just as efficiently as C57BL/6J mice. Rather, susceptibility is associated with elevated ileal concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive nitrogen intermediates and altered regulation of elements of NF Kappa B activation in P2X7R-deficient mice. Conclusions Our data support the thesis that P2X7R, a well-documented activator of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, also plays an important role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Single event effects sensitivity measurements of advanced flash and first-in-first-out memories have been made. While many upsets are transients, other upsets initiated by high LET ions are ...semi-permanent.
PI-31 Zakrzewski‐Jakubiak, M.; Denus, S.; Dubeé, M. ...
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics,
02/2006, Letnik:
79, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Differences exist in frequencies of certain genotypes within different populations. We analysed the polymorphism frequency of ten polymorphisms of the RAAS in our population and ...compared them to other ethnic groups.
METHODS
This is an observational study performed on 18 to 25 years old 200 healthy males of French‐Canadian origin. The Gen Elute Blood Genomic DNA kit (Sigma PC# NA2020) was used to extract DNA. The studied polymorphisms were: ACE I/D, ATR1 A1166C, AGT M235T, AGT T174M, CYP11B2 T‐344C, α‐adducin G460W, beta‐2 adrenergic receptor Q27E, bradykinin β2R +9/‐9, eNOS T‐786C and eNOS E298D. They were analysed by the standard PCR/enzymatic digestion/electrophoresis method.
RESULTS
All polymorphisms tested were in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. When compared to other ethnic groups, our population's genotype frequencies differed from the Asian and the African‐American populations with respect to every polymorphism, except for the bradykinin β2R gene (data was unavailable) and differed from the African population with respect to the polymorphism of ACE, AGT235, AGT174 and CYP11B2. When compared with other Caucasian populations, we obtained different genotype frequencies for the ATR1, AGT235, beta‐2 adrenergic receptor, eNOS‐786 and eNOS298 genes.
CONCLUSION
Our study depicts the genetic profile of ten polymorphisms of the RAAS in French‐Canadian healthy man. We noted differences in that profile when compared to Africans, African‐Americans, Asians and other Caucasians.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 79, P15–P15; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.12.052
PIII-29 Zakrzewski‐Jakubiak, M.; Denus, S.; Dubeé, M. ...
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics,
02/2006, Letnik:
79, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Certain studies suggest a difference in genetic polymorphism frequencies between healthy and heart failure (HF) patients. The aim of this study was to verify if such a difference ...exists in ten polymorphisms of RAAS in our population.
METHODS
This is a case‐control study performed on 200 healthy volunteers and 58 HF patients. The healthy control group consisted of males aged between 18 and 25 years. The HF group were between 50 and 65 years old, in NYHA class II‐IV HF and were recruited in a tertiary care hospital. Both groups were from French‐Canadian origin. The analysed polymorphisms were: ACE I/D, ATR1 A1166C, AGT M235T, AGT T174M, eNOS T‐786C, eNOS G298A, Beta‐2 adrenergic receptor Q27E, Bradykinin β2R +9/−9, CYP11B2 T‐344C and α‐adducin G460W. The Gen Elute Blood Genomic DNA kit (Sigma PC# NA2020) was used to extract DNA. The polymorphisms were then analysed by the standard PCR/enzymatic digestion/electrophoresis method.
RESULTS
All the polymorphisms tested were in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium, except for ATR1 in our HF group. We obtained a statistically significant difference in the genotype frequency of the AGT235 gene, where the study group contained more T/T (mutant allele) and less M/M homozygotes. The difference in genotype frequency reached borderline significance with respect to the AGT174 and the bradykinin β2R polymorphisms.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates than the AGT235 polymorphism may be associated with HF in a French‐Canadian population.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 79, P66–P66; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.12.237
The concentration of three heavy metals in the tissues of the toad Bufo bufo, livings near the area of the Mochovce, Slovakia. The liver contained significantly higher amounts of copper (males: ...570.83+/-37.33 micro/g dry weight, females: 90.75+/-2.45 micro g/g dry weight), the kidney contained higher amounts of cadmium (males: 15.42+/-2.68 micro g/g, females: 15.16+/-0.93 micro g/g dry weight). The high concentration of zinc was detected in kidney (males: 148.18+/-37.81 micro g/g, females: 126.24+/-14.16 micro g/g dry weight). Such concentrations of copper, cadmium and zinc, corresponding to the highly polluted areas, were detected. Toads were during matting period and they were migrated to the wet areas over the stream. The main sources of the stream pollution seem to be fertilizers containing heavy metals as trace elements; pesticides with a heavy metal in their formula, industries and peoples discharge their effluents into this stream
Heavy ion induced SEEs for the quiet series FACT devices are presented. SETs take place in devices with memory elements as well as in simple gates. These devices are tolerant to SEEs at low LET values
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