The title compounds,
7a-e
, were obtained by direct acid catalyzed condensation of diethyl malonate and triethyl ortho formate, with the corresponding aniline in acetic anhydride. In the absence of ...acetic anhydride amido esters
8a-e
were formed.
Single correlations on flat and ridge sowing systems between growing and development variables in sesame: seedling emergence (EM), number of plants harvested (NPC), height of the first pod (APC), ...height of plants at maturity (ATP), number of pods per plant (NFP), number of branches per plant (NRP), number of seeds per pod (NSF), pod length (LF), weight of 1000 seeds (PS) and yield (RE) were analyzed on a silky soil Typic Ustifluvents. Degree of significance and variables that correlate on both systems were different. The higher water content on flat system was close to observed differences and better performance of variables. According to results, utilization of ridge system on this soil condition, must avoid the negative effects of water stress. Additional experience is required.
Planting date and sowing system effects on sesame seed oil content, were evaluated at UCV Experimental Station San Nicolas Portuguesa State, during dry season 90-91 on a Typic Ustifluvents silky ...soil. Compound samples for planting date and sowing system were taken and results of two labs were analized. According to Friedman test of two ways, no statistical differencies were detected, elsewhere, marked tendency and magnitude of degree of oil content difference showed that the flat system had a higher seed oil content. The earlier planting date, specially the second one, had a higher seed oil content. The oil content dropped on the date. Results suggest a hard effect of soil water content on sesame seed oil content, since higher oil content was asociated to system and planting date related to higher soil water content. Close relation between yield and seed oil content was observed.
The inflammatory response during cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) involves immune and non-immune cell cooperation to contain and eliminate Leishmania parasites. The orchestration of these responses is ...coordinated primarily by CD4+ T cells; however, the disease outcome depends on the Th cell predominant phenotype. Although Th1 and Th2 phenotypes are the most addressed as steers for the resolution or perpetuation of the disease, Th17 cell activities, especially IL-17 release, are recognized to be vital during CL development. Th17 cells perform vital functions during both acute and chronic phases of CL. Overall, Th17 cells induce the migration of phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages) to the infection site and CD8+ T cells and NK cell activation. They also provoke granzyme and perforin secretion from CD8+ T cells, macrophage differentiation towards an M2 phenotype, and expansion of B and Treg cells. Likewise, immune cells from the inflammatory infiltrate have modulatory activities over Th17 cells involving their differentiation from naive CD4+ T cells and further expansion by generating a microenvironment rich in optimal cytokines such as IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-21. Th17 cell activities and synergies are crucial for the resistance of the infection during the early and acute stages; however, if unchecked, Th17 cells might lead to a chronic stage. This review discusses the synergies between Th17 cells and the inflammatory infiltrate and how these interactions might destine the course of CL.
Peri-urban forest monitoring requires indicators of vegetation damage. An example is the sacred fir (Abies religiosa) forests surrounding Mexico City, which have been heavily exposed to tropospheric ...ozone, a harmful pollutant, for over 4 decades. We developed a participatory monitoring system with which local community members and scientists generated data on ozone tree damage. Santa Rosa Xochiac rangers (13) used the digital tool KoboToolBox to record ozone damage to trees, tree height, tree ages, tree condition, tree position, and whether the tree had been planted. Thirty-five percent of the trees (n = 1765) had ozone damage. Younger trees had a lower percentage of foliage damaged by ozone than older trees (p < 0.0001), and asymptomatic trees tended to be younger (p < 0.0001). Symptomatic trees were taller than asymptomatic trees of the same age (R
= 0.43, R
= 0.27). Involving local communities facilitated forest monitoring and using digital technology improved data quality. This participatory system can be used to monitor forest condition change over time and thus aids restoration efforts driven by government or local communities' interests, facilitating local decision-making.
Blood lead levels were measured in residents of Oaxaca, Mexico, a city with a long tradition of producing and using Pb-glazed ceramic ware. The geometric mean blood Pb level in children aged 8-10 yr ...was 10.5 mu g/dl, and he corresponding mean value for their mothers was 13.4 mu g/dl. Family use of Pb-glazed pottery, use of animal fat in cooking, and family income were the most important factors related to Pb levels. Use of this ceramic war remains a significant risk factor for elevated blood Pb levels in children.
In 1810, in Argentina there were three million of creole sheep that they were only preserved in pure breed in environments where the new breeds weren´t productive. Actually, the more numerous ...population of creole are in the Argentinean northeast, although in minor number exists in all the country. There are few works that describe this population. The objective of this work is to characterizer qualitative morphological variables of creole sheep. It worked with 240 adults’ creole sheep belonging to Buenos Aires, Santiago del Estero, Corrientes and Salta provinces. The qualitative variables observed were: mucous, skin and hoof pigmentation, color of the fleece, type of front nasal profile, presence of horns. It was made contingency tables to analyze the crossing of the variables with the provinces. The samples of Salta and Santiago del Estero presented in a 96% and 90%, respectively pigmented skin. In the hoofs the pigmentation covers the 66%. The sheep of Corrientes are the only one that presents 56%of black hoofs. The absence of horns represents 96%of the animals. The mucous in the majority of the animals, of all the regions (90%) are pigmented. In Buenos Aires and Corrientes white fleece predominate (92% and 84% respectively). In Salta and Santiago del Estero the ones with pigmentation predominate (76% and 66% respectively). The front nasal profile shows that in Buenos Aires and Santiago del Estero predominates the subconvexilineo type and in Corrientes and Salta the straight one. As long as in Buenos Aires y Corrientes the predominant color of the fleece and skin is white; in Salta and Santiago del Estero the majority are pigmented. A low percentage of female have horns and the mucous are mainly pigmented. The present is preliminary information that not allows us to obtain an absolute conclusion about the differences of the animals in the several regions.
En Argentina en 1810 existían tres millones de ovinos criollos que sólo se conservaron en estado de pureza racial en ambientes donde las razas introducidas no eran productivas. Actualmente la población más numerosa de criollos se encuentra en el Noroeste Argentino, no obstante, en menor número existen en todo el país. Son pocos los trabajos que describen ésta población. El objetivo del trabajo es caracterizar variables morfológicas cualitativas de ovinos criollos. Se trabajó con 206 hembras criollas adultas pertenecientes a las provincias de Buenos Aires, Santiago del Estero, Corrientes y Salta. Las variables cualitativas observadas fueron: pigmentación de mucosas, piel, pezuñas; color de vellón, tipo de perfil frontonasal, presencia de cuernos. Se efectuaron tablas de contingencias para analizar los cruces de las variables con las provincias. Las muestras de Salta y Santiago del Estero presentaron en un 96% y 90%, respectivamente piel pigmentada. En las pezuñas la pigmentación abarca 66%. Las ovejas de Corrientes son las únicas que presentan un 56% de pezuñas negras. La ausencia de cuernos representa el 96% de los animales. Las mucosas en la mayoría de los animales, de todas las regiones (90%), son pigmentadas.
En Buenos Aires y Corrientes predomina el vellón blanco (92 y 84%, respectivamente). En Salta y Santiago del Estero predominaron los pigmentados (76 y 66%, respectivamente). El perfil frontonasal muestra que en Buenos Aires y Santiago del Estero predomina el subconvexilineo y en Corrientes y Salta el recto. Mientras que en Buenos Aires y Corrientes el color predominante del vellón y la piel es el blanco; en Salta y Santiago del Estero la mayoría son pigmentados. Un bajo porcentaje de hembras presentan cuernos y las mucosas son mayoritariamente pigmentadas. Los presentes son datos preliminares que no permiten obtener una conclusión absoluta en cuanto a diferencias de los animales de distintas regiones.
