Paraná, Yungas and Chaco Serrano ecoregions are among the most species-rich terrestrial habitats at higher latitude. However, the information for tiger moths, one of the most speciose groups of ...moths, is unknown in these ecoregions. In this study, we assess their species richness and composition in all three of these ecoregions. Also we investigated whether the species composition of tiger moths is influenced by climatic factors and altitude. Tiger moth species were obtained with samples from 71 sites using standardized protocols (21 sites were in Yungas, 19 in Paraná and 31 in Chaco Serrano). Rarefaction-extrapolation curves, non-parametric estimators for incidence and sample coverage indices were performed to assess species richness in the ecoregions studied. Non metric multidimensional scaling and adonis tests were performed to compare the species composition of tiger moths among ecoregions. Permutest analysis and Pearson correlation were used to evaluate the relationship among species composition and annual mean temperature, annual temperature range, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality and altitude. Among ecoregions Paraná was the richest with 125 species, followed by Yungas with 63 species and Chaco Serrano with 24 species. Species composition differed among these ecoregions, although Yungas and Chaco Serrano were more similar than Paraná. Species composition was significantly influenced by climatic factors and altitude. This study showed that species richness and species composition of tiger moths differed among the three ecoregions assessed. Furthermore, not only climatic factors and altitude influence the species composition of tiger moths among ecoregions, but also climatic seasonality at higher latitude in Neotropical South America becomes an important factor.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article describes the immature stages of the satyrid butterfly Yphthimoides celmis (Godart) for the first time. Morphology, head and body chaetotaxy, and coloration patterns are compared with ...those of other Yphthimoides species. Larvae behavioral aspects and oviposition behavior are also documented here. Overwintering larvae are observed for the first time for this genus. The larval stage has four or five instars in non-overwintering while six in overwintering larvae. The average duration of the life cycle is around 82 days for non-overwintering, while it is 227 days for overwintering larvae under laboratory conditions. The increase in instar stages and the development time duration of immature stages in overwintering larvae may be due to climatic conditions in the study area and also a strategy to survive the cold season. Eggs have irregular pentagonal and hexagonal cells. First instar larvae have a dark head capsule and a pattern of reddish stripes along their body, with clubbed body setae. Pupae are short and smooth with a non-uniform brown color, presenting a lighter clypeus and a darker ventral portion in the cremaster. We consider that the morphological information of immature stages can improve further phylogenetic studies.
El propósito de este artículo es debatir y reflexionar sobre el concepto de hogar en un contexto transnacional, a partir del trabajo investigativo realizado con familias migrantes colombianas cuyas ...madres y/o padres —provenientes de la región del Valle del Cauca— han migrado a la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, mientras sus hijos/hijas han quedado en el país de origen. Se busca problematizar el concepto de hogar a partir del distanciamiento físico y geográfico y la construcción o el mantenimiento de prácticas familiares ritualizadas. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa y se enmarca en una corriente epistemológica y teórica de la fenomenología. Se utilizaron técnicas como la entrevista en profundidad, la cartografía familiar y el plano de vida familiar. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo en Santiago de Chile y en el Valle del Cauca, donde se entrevistaron madres y padres migrantes, así como a sus hijos/hijas. La unidad de análisis fue la familia. En el artículo se concluye que el hogar es un lugar practicado y simbólico, cargado de afecto, cuidado y memorias. En él, madres/padres migrantes e hijos/hijas desarrollan sentimientos de identidad y pertenencia, así como relaciones familiares y lazos afectivos, a partir de la construcción y/o el mantenimiento de prácticas familiares ritualizadas que ocurren desde la no proximidad física y que mantienen y reproducen los lazos de parentesco. Este enfoque concede originalidad a la reflexión y al debate sobre el concepto de hogar en el estudio de las experiencias de migración familiar transnacional.
En esta obra el autor reconstruye etnográficamente el proceso de precarización fronteriza y propone un modelo analítico denominado “el vórtice de precarización”, para el estudio de la precarización ...de quienes habitan los espacios residuales de los límites nacionales entre México y Estados Unidos. Analiza las dimensiones que operan en la degradación de las condiciones materiales y sociales de la vida de quienes habitan espacios residuales una vez repatriados e incorporados a las dinámicas callejeras de la ciudad, así como las barreras y los efectos más extremos del retorno forzado a las ciudades fronterizas.
El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las maternidades y paternidades transnacionales, específicamente, acerca del mantenimiento de las relaciones y los vínculos parento-filiales en la ...distancia física, a partir de procesos de interacción mediada en los cuales se utilizan recursos tecnológicos y comunicativos, que permiten establecer conexiones entre sujetos emparentados que están en dos o más países —producto de los procesos de migración internacional—. De este modo, se parte de la premisa de que madres, padres inmigrantes y sus hijos/as ubicados en el país de origen, pueden dar sostenibilidad a sus relaciones y vínculos desde la distancia física mediante procesos de interacción que no requieren necesariamente coresidir y establecer relaciones cara a cara, y en los cuales se enlaza lo real y lo virtual, lo cercano y lo lejano. Esto no solo supone la conexión de espacios y tiempos, sino también de personas que están unidas por lazos de parentesco, que se construyen y deconstruyen permanentemente en la vida familiar cotidiana. Es así como en la primera parte de este artículo se abordan y discuten los conceptos de parentalidad, parentalidad transnacional, maternidad transnacional y paternidad transnacional, que van más allá del ser madre o padre y que implican nuevas formas de hacer familia. En la segunda parte, se introduce la discusión sobre los procesos de interacción familiar, relacionados con las situaciones de interacción mediada, en las que se utilizan medios comunicativos y tecnológicos que permiten generar dinámicas relacionales y vinculantes, siendo posible crear rutinas conversacionales que no solo transmiten información, sino también generan procesos de interacción familiar, en los que se construyen lo grupal y lo colectivo, lo compartido y lo común. En estas interacciones, las emociones se convierten en un elemento clave de la vida familiar cotidiana, al permitir construir lazos afectivos desde la distancia física.
Immature stages of insects are vulnerable to various antagonists, including pathogens. While the abiotic factors affecting pathogen prevalence in insect populations are reasonably well documented, ...much less is known about relevant ecological interactions. We studied the probability of the larvae of three lepidopteran species to die from fungal infection as a function of insect species and food plants in central Argentina. Local free-growing food plants were used to feed the lepidopteran larvae. The prevalence of entomopathogenic fungi remained low (about 5%), which is a value well consistent with observations on similar systems in other regions. Eight fungal species recorded, primarily belonging to Fusarium and Aspergillus, add evidence to the reconsideration of the nutritional modes in these genera in distinguishing the role of some species (complexes) to cause insect infections. Food plant species were found to have a substantial effect on the prevalence of entomopathogenic fungi. This was especially clear for the most abundant fungal species, a representative of the Fusarium fujikuroi complex. Feeding on a particular plant taxon can thus have a specific fitness cost. Compared to the data collected from Northern Europe, the Argentinian assemblages from the families Aspergillaceae and Nectriaceae overlapped at the genus level but did not share species. It remains to be confirmed if this level of divergence in the composition of assemblages of entomopathogenic fungi among distant regions represents a global pattern.
Fenofibrate (FF) is a common lipid-lowering drug and a potent agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). FF and several other agonists of PPARα have interesting ...anticancer properties, and our recent studies demonstrate that FF is very effective against tumor cells of neuroectodermal origin. In spite of these promising anticancer effects, the molecular mechanism(s) of FF-induced tumor cell toxicity remains to be elucidated. Here we report a novel PPARα-independent mechanism explaining FF's cytotoxicity in vitro and in an intracranial mouse model of glioblastoma. The mechanism involves accumulation of FF in the mitochondrial fraction, followed by immediate impairment of mitochondrial respiration at the level of complex I of the electron transport chain. This mitochondrial action sensitizes tested glioblastoma cells to the PPARα-dependent metabolic switch from glycolysis to fatty acid β-oxidation. As a consequence, prolonged exposure to FF depletes intracellular ATP, activates the AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin-autophagy pathway, and results in extensive tumor cell death. Interestingly, autophagy activators attenuate and autophagy inhibitors enhance FF-induced glioblastoma cytotoxicity. Our results explain the molecular basis of FF-induced glioblastoma cytotoxicity and reveal a new supplemental therapeutic approach in which intracranial infusion of FF could selectively trigger metabolic catastrophe in glioblastoma cells.
Abstract
Learning plays an important role in the location and utilization of nectar sources for pollinators. In this work we focus on the plant-pollinator interaction between the butterfly Agraulis ...vanillae (Nymphalidae) and two Glandularia plant species (Verbenaceae) that grow in sympatry. Bioassays using arrays of artificial flowers (red vs. lilac-purple) showed that naïve A. vanillae butterflies do not have innate colour preferences for any of the tested colours. Trained butterflies were able to learn to associate both floral colours with the presence of nectar rewards. Wild A. vanillae butterflies visited the red flowers of Glandularia peruviana much more frequently than the lilac-purple flowers of Glandularia venturii. Standing nectar crop measurements showed that G. peruviana flowers offered three times more sucrose than the flowers of G. venturii. Analyses confirmed that corolla colour of G. peruviana (red flowers) and G. venturii (lilac-purple flowers) were discriminable in the butterfly’s colour space. These findings may indicate flexibility in A. vanillae preferences due to a learned association between red coloration and higher nectar rewards.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
el proposito de este articulo es debatir y reflexionar sobre el concepto de hogar en un contexto transnacional, a partir del trabajo investigativo realizado con familias migrantes colombianas cuyas ...madres y/o padres--provenientes de la region del Valle del Cauca--han migrado a la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, mientras sus hijos/hijas han quedado en el pais de origen. Se busca problematizar el concepto de hogar a partir del distanciamiento fisico y geografico y la construccion o el mantenimiento de practicas familiares ritualizadas. La metodologia utilizada es cualitativa y se enmarca en una corriente epistemologica y teorica de la fenomenologia. Se utilizaron tecnicas como la entrevista en profundidad, la cartografia familiar y el plano de vida familiar. El trabajo de campo se llevo a cabo en Santiago de Chile y en el Valle del Cauca, donde se entrevistaron madres y padres migrantes, asi como a sus hijos/hijas. La unidad de analisis fue la familia. En el articulo se concluye que el hogar es un lugar practicado y simbolico, cargado de afecto, cuidado y memorias. En el, madres/padres migrantes e hijos/hijas desarrollan sentimientos de identidad y pertenencia, asi como relaciones familiares y lazos afectivos, a partir de la construccion y/o el mantenimiento de practicas familiares ritualizadas que ocurren desde la no proximidad fisica y que mantienen y reproducen los lazos de parentesco. Este enfoque concede originalidad a la reflexion y al debate sobre el concepto de hogar en el estudio de las experiencias de migracion familiar transnacional. Palabras clave: familia, hogar, migracion colombiana, migracion parental, practicas ritualizadas, transnacionalidad. Based on the research work carried out with Colombian migrant families whose mothers and/or fathers--from Valle del Cauca--have migrated to the city of Santiago de Chile, while their children remained in their country of origin, this article is intended to discuss and reflect on the concept of home in a transnational context. An attempt is made to problematize the concept of home based on physical and geographical distancing and the construction or maintenance of ritualized family practices. The methodology used is qualitative and is framed within an epistemological and theoretical current of phenomenology, using techniques such as in-depth interviews, family mapping and family life mapping. Fieldwork was carried out in Santiago de Chile and Valle del Cauca, where migrant parents and their children were interviewed using the family as the unit of analysis. The article concludes that the home is a practiced and symbolic place, laden with affection, care, and memories. In it, migrant mothers/fathers and sons/daughters develop feelings of identity and belonging, as well as family relationships and affective bonds, through the construction and/or maintenance of ritualized family practices that occur in non-physical proximity and that maintain and reproduce kinship ties. Such an approach lends originality to thought and debate on the concept of home in the study of transnational family migration. Keywords: Colombian migration, family, home, parental migration, ritualized practices, transnationality. o objetivo deste artigo e debater e refletir sobre o conceito de lar em um contexto transnacional, a partir do trabalho de pesquisa realizado com familias migrantes colombianas cujas maes ou pais--provenientes da regiao do Valle del Cauca--migraram a cidade de Santiago do Chile, enquanto seus filhos ou filhas ficaram no pais de origem. Pretende-se problematizar o conceito de lar considerando o distanciamento fisico e geografico, e a construcao ou a manutencao de praticas familiares ritualizadas. A metodologia utilizada e qualitativa e esta delimitada em uma corrente epistemologica e teorica da fenomenologia. Foram utilizadas tecnicas como a entrevista em profundidade, a cartografia familiar e o plano de vida familiar. O trabalho de campo foi realizado em Santiago do Chile e no Valle del Cauca, onde foram entrevistados maes e pais migrantes, bem como seus filhos e filhas. A unidade de analise foi a familia. Neste artigo, conclui-se que o lar e um lugar praticado e simbolico, carregado de afeto, cuidado e memorias. Nele, maes e pais migrantes e filhos e filhas desenvolvem sentimentos de identidade e pertencimento, alem de relacoes familiares e lacos afetivos, a partir da construcao ou da manutencao de praticas familiares ritualizadas que ocorrem da nao proximidade fisica e que mantem e reproduzem os lacos de parentesco. Essa abordagem concede originalidade a reflexao e ao debate sobre o conceito de lar no estudo das experiencias de migracao familiar transnacional. Palavras-chave: familia, lar, migracao colombiana, migracao parental, praticas ritualizadas, transnacionalidade.
Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) is the most speciose tribe of tiger moths. In this study, the taxonomy of some Neotropical species of this tribe is reviewed based on habitus and, in some ...cases, genitalia of type specimens. Lectotypes are designated for two names. Four new combinations are proposed: Agaraea sericeum (Zerny, 1931) comb. n., Biturix nigrostriata (Rothschild, 1909) comb. n., Carales fasciatus (Rothschild, 1909) comb. n. and Opharus pallida (Dognin, 1910) comb. n. Six new synonymies are proposed: Agaraea nigrotuberculata Bryk, 1953 (=Agaraea klagesi (Rothschild, 1909)), Opharus ochracea Joicey & Talbot, 1918 and Pelochyta fergusoni Watson & Goodger, 1986 (=Opharus pallida (Dognin, 1910)), Melese flavescens Joicey & Talbot, 1918 (=Melese paranensis Dognin, 1911), Leucanopsis infucata (Berg, 1882) (=Pareuchaetes aurata aurata (Butler, 1875)) and Tessellota pura Breyer, 1957 (=Tessellota cancellata (Burmeister, 1878)). Moreover, Opharus ochracea Joicey & Talbot, 1918 comb. rev. is returned to the original genus. For each rearrangement, both remarks and information about type specimens are provided.
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