The digitization of texts and the advent of big data analyses have transformed our understanding of authorship and collaboration in early modern drama. However, these advancements ought to be ...carefully contextualized within the material realities of early modern playwriting. The scarcity of surviving dramatic manuscripts underscores the significant role of agents like compositors, printers and editors, and the loss of the majority of plays from English commercial theatres casts doubt on the reliability of comparisons based on unique or common verbal parallels. The article focuses on drama from the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, particularly the recently proposed collaboration between Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare on the Henry VI plays. Applying the IT concept of GIGO (garbage in, garbage out), it highlights the impact of textual transmission intricacies on authorship attribution, emphasizing that even the most sophisticated attribution techniques are only as reliable as the (often unreliable) data they utilize.
Digitalizacija besedil in analiza velikih količin podatkov močno vplivata na naše razumevanje avtorstva in soavtorstva zgodnjenovoveške dramatike. Ob izjemnem razvoju, ki ga to prinaša, pa je treba upoštevati tudi materialne danosti nastajanja zgodnjenovoveških gledaliških iger. Pomanjkanje ohranjenih dramskih rokopisov nas opozarja na pomembno vlogo posrednikov, kot so stavci, tiskarji in uredniki; ker pa se je izgubila tudi večina dram iz tedanjih angleških komercialnih gledališč, so primerjave, ki temeljijo na odkrivanju edinstvenih ali pogostih besednih zvez pri različnih avtorjih, nezanesljive. Članek se osredotoča na dramatiko iz elizabetinskega in jakobovskega obdobja, zlasti na nedavno predlagano sodelovanje Christopherja Marlowa in Williama Shakespeara pri igrah o Henriku VI. Z vpeljavo koncepta GIGO (garbage in, garbage out) iz informacijske tehnologije opozarja na vpliv, ki ga imajo zapleteni procesi nastajanja in prenosa besedil na avtorstvo, in poudarja, da so tudi najbolj izpopolnjene tehnike ugotavljanja avtorstva zanesljive le toliko, kolikor so zanesljivi (pogosto nezanesljivi) podatki, ki jih uporabljajo.
The article provides a summary of the reception of Christopher Marlowe in the Slovenian literary system. It addresses Marlowe’s appreciation in literary history and criticism, the translation of his ...texts into Slovenian and the productions of Marlowe’s plays in Slovenian theatres. Is approaches the issues through the prism of Marlowe’s perceived dissidence to see how the Slovenian constructions of the author compare to his reputation in the English literary system.
The article examines the Slovenian translations of Chaucer’s collection The Canterbury Tales with a focus on the character of the Pardoner and his gender and sexual non-normativity as discussed by ...critics in the last century. The 1974 and 2012 Slovenian translations differ to a certain extent, but not in any significant manner with reference to the Pardoner’s portrayal. However, important differences become apparent when comparing the paratexts of the two editions, especially their explanatory notes, which are likely to lead readers to make different meanings of the texts. Because of the different paratexts in the Slovenian editions of the Tales, the two editions of the “same” target text are in effect different texts. Hence, the article argues for the importance of paratexts both in producing, translating and reading texts as well as in translation analyses.
Shakespearovih 154 sonetov, ki so prvič izšli leta 1609, je literarna veda tradicionalno razvrščala v dve skupini: soneti 1–126 naj bi opevali čednega mladeniča, soneti 127–154 pa »črno damo«. ...Večinoma je veljalo tudi, da soneti pripovedujejo precej koherentno pripoved o odnosu lirskega subjekta z njima. Besedilna resnica pa je, da je nemogoče reči, koliko oseb Soneti nagovarjajo, poleg tega pa jih je večina spolsko nezaznamovanih. Analize se pri različnih raziskovalkah in raziskovalcih razlikujejo, avtor članka predlaga naslednjo: od 139 sonetov z eno nagovorjeno osebo je v izvirniku 115 spolsko nedoločenih, 14 jih izrecno opeva moškega, 10 pa žensko. Šest sonetov nagovarja dve osebi, preostali pa abstraktne pojme. V slovenščini sta doslej izšla dva integralna prevoda – leta 1965 prevod Janeza Menarta, štiri desetletja pozneje pa Srečka Fišerja – in prevajalca sta se morala soočiti tudi z vprašanjem spolske (ne)določenosti pesemskih besedil ter s fluidnostjo spola in seksualnosti v izhodiščnih besedilih. Oba sta pri obsežnem spolskem razdvoumljanju sledila tradicionalni razporeditvi sonetov v že omenjeni skupini, pri čemer je Fišer nevtralnost ohranil pri nekoliko večjem deležu sonetov kot Menart.
Prešernu naj bi se v šoli v Ribnici (1800–1812) zgodilo nekaj, kar ga je zaznamovalo za celo življenje. Prispevek najobširneje doslej predstavi vire za razlage »Prešernovega ribniškega doživljaja« ...ter njihove interpretacije v Prešernovih strokovno-znanstvenih in leposlovnih biografijah. Po njihovem pregledu avtor predlaga še svoj odgovor na vprašanje, kaj travmatičnega se je Prešernu v Ribnici zgodilo.
Prešernu naj bi se v šoli v Ribnici (1800-1812) zgodilo nekaj, kar ga je zaznamovalo za celo življenje. Prispevek najobširneje doslej predstavi vire za razlage »Prešernovega ribniškega doživljaja« ...ter njihove interpretacije v Prešernovih strokovno-znanstvenih in leposlovnih biografijah. Po njihovem pregledu avtor predlaga še svoj odgovor na vprašanje, kaj travmatičnega se je Prešernu v Ribnici zgodilo.
The article looks at the position of LGBTQ literature for children and young adults in the Slovenian literary system. In particular, it attempts to demonstrate that LGBTQ texts are often written, ...understood and didacticized with (implicit)reference to difference, empathy, acceptance and otherness. It analyses literary and critical texts with a focus on the apparently well-meaning processes of othering found at the levels of plot, character, writers’ didactic interference, critical reception and publishing. These processes influence how the members of the in-group perceive the members of the out-group (both of whom can be readers and writers) and how each see themselves. Not only do they reflect, but they also help shape reality and impact on the ways individuals are treated in society. Therefore, the criteria of literariness, though essential, are not absolute, and all agents in the children’s and young adultliterary system should take account of the human/children’s right to inclusion.
The article analyses T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land (1922) to show how Modernist men often plunge into the wild waters of gender and sexuality, revealing a remarkable degree of anxiety, only rarely ...accounted for by more traditional critical approaches. The Waste Land can be perceived as an expression of male hysteria and, the author argues, hysteria is never far from aberrant sexualities and unruly desires.
Background: His bundle pacing (HBP) is a physiological alternative to biventricular (BiV) pacing. We compared short-term results of both pacing approaches in symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) ...patients with moderately reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF ≥35% and <50%) and narrow QRS (≤120 ms) who underwent atrioventricular node ablation (AVNA).
Methods: Thirty consecutive AF patients who received BiV pacing or HBP in conjunction with AVNA between May 2015 and January 2020 were retrospectively assessed. Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and clinical data at baseline and 6 months after the procedure were assessed.
Results: Twenty-four patients (age 68.8 ± 6.5 years, 50% female, EF 39.6 ± 4%, QRS 95 ± 10 ms) met the inclusion criteria, 12 received BiV pacing and 12 HBP. Both groups had similar acute procedure-related success and complication rates. HBP was superior to BiV pacing in terms of post-implant QRS duration, implantation fluoroscopy times, reduction of indexed LV volumes (EDVi 63.8 (49.6-81) mL/m
2
vs. 79.9 (66-100) mL/m
2
, p = 0.055; ESVi 32.7 (25.6-42.6) mL/m
2
vs. 46.4 (42.9-68.1) mL/m
2
, p = 0.009) and increase in LVEF (46 (41-55) % vs. 38 (35-42) %, p = 0.005). However, the improvement of the NYHA class was similar in both groups.
Conclusions: In symptomatic AF patients with moderately reduced EF and narrow QRS undergoing AVNA, HBP could be a conceivable alternative to BiV pacing. Further prospective studies are warranted to address the outcomes between both 'ablate and pace' strategies.
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