The natural transfer of DNA from mitochondria to the nucleus generates nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (numts) and is an ongoing evolutionary process, as genome sequences attest. In humans, five ...different numts cause genetic disease and a dozen human loci are polymorphic for the presence of numts, underscoring the rapid rate at which mitochondrial sequences reach the nucleus over evolutionary time. In the laboratory and in nature, numts enter the nuclear DNA via non-homolgous end joining (NHEJ) at double-strand breaks (DSBs). The frequency of numt insertions among 85 sequenced eukaryotic genomes reveal that numt content is strongly correlated with genome size, suggesting that the numt insertion rate might be limited by DSB frequency. Polymorphic numts in humans link maternally inherited mitochondrial genotypes to nuclear DNA haplotypes during the past, offering new opportunities to associate nuclear markers with mitochondrial markers back in time.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction La présence d’anticorps circulants dirigés contre les principaux pathogènes parodontaux a été associée à l’incidence d’événements coronariens chez des sujets sains. En revanche, l’impact ...de la présence de ces anticorps en prévention secondaire de la maladie coronarienne n’est pas connu. Matériels et méthodes La cohorte nationale FAST-MI a pour objectif d’évaluer la prise en charge des patients admis en unité de soins intensifs pour un syndrome coronaire aigu avec ou sans sus-décalage du segment ST, et d’évaluer son impact sur le devenir à moyen et à long terme des patients. Les taux d’immunoglobulines G et d’immunoglobulines A (IgG et IgA) dirigés contre Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia et Tannerella forsythia ont été mesurés par ELISA parmi les 992 patients qui avaient donné leur consentement pour la constitution d’une collection plasmatique. L’impact des taux de chaque anticorps en continu et en tertiles, et le risque de survenue d’un décès ou d’une récidive d’infarctus du myocarde à 1 an, a été évalué par des modèles de Cox. Résultats Aucune association significative n’a été trouvée entre le risque d’un événement secondaire à 1 an et les taux d’IgG et d’IgA- anti-P. gingivalis (HR ; IC95 %: 0,96 ; 0,78-1,18 et 1,13 ; 0,90-1,42). De même, les taux d’IgG et d’IgA dirigés contre P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans et T. forsythia n’étaient pas corrélés aux événements secondaires. Le statut diabétique ne modifiait pas ces relations. Conclusion Contrairement à la valeur prédictive retrouvée en prévention pri-maire, les taux d’anticorps circulants dirigés contre les principaux pathogènes parodontaux ne sont pas associés à un événement secondaire. Les taux d’anti-corps mesurant l’exposition passée aux pathogènes, une étude s’intéressant aux variables cliniques parodontales est nécessaire pour mesurer l’importance de l’hygiène bucco-dentaire dans les programmes de réadaptation car-diaque. Déclaration d’intérêt Les auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir d’intérêt direct ou indirect (financier ou en nature) avec un organisme privé, industriel ou commercial en relation avec le sujet présenté.
Abstract Background Historically, knee arthroplasties have been designed using average patient anatomy. Recent advances in imaging and manufacturing have facilitated the development of customized ...prostheses designed to fit the unique shape of individual patients. The purpose of this study is to determine if improving implant design through customized total knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves kinematic function. Methods Using state-of-the-art mobile fluoroscopy, tibiofemoral kinematics were analyzed for 24 subjects with a customized individually made (CIM), cruciate-retaining TKA, and 14 subjects having an asymmetric condylar cruciate-retaining TKA. Subjects performed a weight-bearing deep knee bend and a rise from a seated position. Each patient was evaluated for weight-bearing range of motion, femorotibial translation, femorotibial axial rotation, and condylar liftoff occurrence. Results Subjects having a CIM TKA experienced greater weight-bearing knee flexion compared with the traditional posterior cruciate-retaining (PCR) TKA design. During flexion, the CIM TKA subjects consistently exhibited more posterior femoral rollback than the traditional PCR TKA subjects. The CIM TKA was found to have statistically greater axial rotation compared with the traditional PCR TKA ( P = .05). Of note, only the CIM TKA patients experienced femoral internal rotation at full extension, as exhibited in a normal knee. Compared with the traditional PCR TKA, the CIM TKAs demonstrated minimal occurrences of paradoxical sliding and reverse rotation during flexion and extension. The CIM TKA subjects showed minimal liftoff and hence better stability in earlyflexion to midflexion compared with the traditional PCR subjects. Conclusion The CIM TKA demonstrated kinematics more similar to a normal knee. Therefore, using customized implant technology through CIM TKA designs affords benefits including more normal motion compared with a traditional PCR TKA.
This study demonstrates that the generalization that strong anomalous equatorial Pacific westerly (easterly) winds during El Niño (La Niña) events display strong adjusted warm water volume (WWV) ...discharges (recharges) is often incorrect. Using ocean model simulations, we categorize the oceanic adjusted responses to strong anomalous equatorial winds into two categories: (i) transitioning (consistent with the above generalization) and (ii) neutral adjusted responses (with negligible WWV recharge and discharge). During the 1980–2016 period only 47% of strong anomalous equatorial winds are followed by transitioning adjusted responses, while the remaining are followed by neutral adjusted responses. Moreover, 55% (only 30%) of the strongest winds lead to transitioning adjusted responses during the pre-2000 (post-2000) period in agreement with the previously reported post-2000 decline of WWV lead time to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The prominent neutral adjusted WWV response is shown to be largely excited by anomalous wind stress forcing with a weaker curl (on average consistent with a higher ratio of off-equatorial to equatorial wind events) and weaker Rossby wave projection than the transitioning adjusted response. We also identify a prominent ENSO phase asymmetry where strong anomalous equatorial westerly winds (i.e., El Niño events) are roughly 1.6 times more likely to strongly discharge WWV than strong anomalous equatorial easterly winds (i.e., La Niña events) are to strongly recharge WWV. This ENSO phase asymmetry may be added to the list of mechanisms proposed to explain why El Niño events have a stronger tendency to be followed by La Niña events than vice versa.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Water electrolysis is considered as a cornerstone technology for the large scale storage of energy and for carbon abatements in the frame of the energy transition. The purpose of this research work ...was to analyze power grid operational constraints, to design specific load profiles of interest for power grid management and then to use these protocols for the characterization and qualification of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysers in view of grid balancing services. In the first section, management constraints of European power grids are described and analyzed. Using a typical regulation mechanism as an illustrative example, power specifications for primary and secondary reserve management are specified. The economics of such management procedures is also analyzed. In the second section, some key technical characteristics of PEM water electrolysis stacks are described. Test specifications designed for the qualification of water electrolysers to both primary and secondary reserve markets are defined. In the last section, selected test results are reported and the ability of PEM water electrolysis stacks to provide the services of interest is analyzed. In particular, a set of key performance indicators, designed for the characterization of PEM water electrolysers operating in transient power conditions of interest for grid services, are defined. Test results show the ability of PEM water electrolysis stacks to satisfy the most stringent grid constraints, but remaining limitations are identified. The main innovative contributions of this research work were to design test protocols for both primary and secondary power reserves management, and to demonstrate that PEM water electrolysers can be used for such applications.
•Technical management constraints of European power grids are described.•Power specifications for primary and secondary reserves markets are designed.•Test results on water electrolysis stacks are reported.•Existing limitations and future perspectives are discussed.
Obesity is a multifactorial disease of epidemic and global proportions that poses the most significant threat to the health of our younger generations. Those who are the most extremely affected bear ...the largest burden of health problems. In the US, extreme obesity affects approximately 9 million adults and 2 million children, and is associated with both immediate health problems and later health risk, including premature mortality. Present medical and behavioral interventions for extreme obesity in adults and children rarely result in the significant, durable weight loss necessary to improve health outcomes, prompting a search for more aggressive measures. Weight loss (bariatric) surgery has been advocated as an intervention for those with extreme obesity. In adults, bariatric surgery results in prolonged weight control and improvement in serious obesity comorbidities, namely type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias, hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A surge in weight loss operations for adolescents has been observed recently, with a threefold increase in case volumes nationwide from 2000 to 2003. Current evidence suggests that after bariatric surgery, adolescents lose significant weight and serious obesity-related medical conditions and psychosocial status are improved. Thus it is reasonable to propose that bariatric surgery performed in the adolescent period may be more effective treatment for childhood-onset extreme obesity than delaying surgery for extremely obese youth until adulthood. This position has been echoed by a number of groups and an independent systematic review. Finally, it is conceivable that bariatric surgery performed in adulthood for childhood onset extreme obesity may not be as effective for comorbidity treatment as surgery performed earlier during adolescence. The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence, which supports early rather than later use of bariatric surgery in the treatment of extreme obesity, and to present this information in light of the medical and surgical risks of bariatric surgery.
While the 'breaking and mending of porphyrin strategy' proved versatile in the generation of a range of pyrrole-modified porphyrins containing 4-, 5-, and 6-membered heterocycles, it failed to access ...systems incorporating larger rings. A reversal of the strategy - first mending, then breaking - now allowed the formation of a pyrrole-modified porphyrin containing an 8-membered 1,3,6-triazocine-2,4,8-trione heterocycle.
The tenth H2 refueling station of the German federal state of Baden‐Württemberg was commissioned on September 6, 2017. The Karlsruhe H2 refueling station, located at the multi‐fuels station of Total, ...is the first one equipped with an onsite hydrogen production using a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) system. In the present work, details about the SOE system equipment are reported. Electrical consumption of the integrated stacks module (ISM) and the hot balance of plant (BoP) for steam generation and inlet gas pre‐heating, was monitored during 240 h of steady‐state operation under 100% steam. The average cell voltage of the 90 cells composing the ISM was 1.35 V at 0.4 A cm−2 current density. ISM efficiency was around 91.5% HHVAC considering 100% faradaic efficiency and including the conversion of the AC/DC power supply. Due to the consumption of the hot BoP and system auxiliaries for safety and control, achieved overall system efficiency was 61.4% HHVAC. Independently from electric steam production, around 10% reduction of the ISM electricity consumption could be feasible with the optimization of the inlet air flowrate. Indeed, adapting the inlet air flowrate as function of the outlet hydrogen flowrate would allow reducing the electricity need for inlet air pre‐heating.
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