An efficient Tf2O‐mediated regioselective C(sp2)−H sulfenylation of enaminones has been described. Methyl sulfoxides are employed as sulfur sources to react with different types of enaminones under ...mild reaction conditions, providing a straightforward approach for the synthesis of β‐amino sulfides in up to 97% yield via one‐pot manner. Moreover, this sulfenylation proceeded smoothly with oxidant‐free and metal‐free.
An efficient Tf2O‐mediated regioselective C(sp2)−H sulfenylation of enaminones has been described. Methyl sulfoxides are employed as sulfur sources to react with different types of enaminones under mild reaction conditions, providing a straightforward approach for the synthesis of β‐amino sulfides in up to 97% yield via one‐pot manner. Moreover, this sulfenylation proceeded smoothly with oxidant‐free and metal‐free.
A new type of BaGdF(5):Yb/Er nanoprobe for dual-modal fluorescent and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is demonstrated. Water soluble and amine-functionalized BaGdF(5):Yb/Er nanoparticles (NPs) with ...average size of about 10 nm were synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. The in vitro up-converted emission of BaGdF(5):Yb/Er NPs is observed in HeLa cells with near-infrared excitation at 980 nm and served as a fluorescent label. In addition, the cytotoxicity assay in HeLa cells shows low cell toxicity of the amine-functionalized BaGdF(5):Yb/Er NPs. Moreover, these BaGdF(5) NPs exhibit excellent intrinsic paramagnetic properties and enhanced T(1)-weighted MRI images with increased concentrations of BaGdF(5) NPs. Therefore, these results suggest that the amine-functionalized BaGdF(5) NPs with an optimized size and low cell toxicity are promising dual-modal bioprobes for optical bioimaging and MRI.
Summary
Background
We previously reported a panel of novel faecal microbiome gene markers for diagnosis of colorectal adenoma and cancer.
Aim
To evaluate whether these markers are useful in detecting ...adenoma recurrence after polypectomy.
Methods
Subjects were enrolled in a polyp surveillance study from 2009 to 2019. Stool samples were collected before bowel preparation of index colonoscopy (baseline) and surveillance colonoscopy (follow‐up). Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Lachnoclostridium marker (m3), Clostridium hathewayi (Ch) and Bacteroides clarus were quantified in baseline and follow‐up samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to correlate with adenoma recurrence. Recurrence was defined as new adenomas detected >6 months after polypectomy. Faecal immunochemical test (FIT) was performed for comparison.
Results
A total of 161 baseline and 104 follow‐up samples were analysed. Among patients with adenoma recurrence, Fn and m3 increased (both P < 0.05) while Ch were unchanged in follow‐up versus baseline samples. Among patients without recurrence, Fn and m3 were unchanged while Ch decreased (P < 0.05) in follow‐up versus baseline samples. Logistic regression that included changes of m3, Fn and Ch at follow‐up compared with baseline achieved an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.95 (95%CI: 0.84‐0.99) with 90.0% sensitivity and 87.0% specificity for detecting recurrent adenoma. Combination of m3, Fn and Ch at follow‐up sample achieved AUROC of 0.74 (95%CI: 0.65‐0.82) with 81.3% sensitivity and 55.4% specificity for detecting recurrent adenoma. FIT showed limited sensitivity (8.3%) in detecting recurrent adenomas.
Conclusion
Our combinations of faecal microbiome gene markers can be potentially useful non‐invasive tools for detecting adenoma recurrence.
Faecal microbiome gene markers can be potentially useful non‐invasive tools for detecting adenoma recurrence.
We previously observed that disruption of FK506‐binding protein 12.6 (FKBP12.6) gene resulted in cardiac hypertrophy in male mice. Studies showed that overexpression of FKBP12.6 attenuated thoracic ...aortic constriction (TAC)‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice, whereas the adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of FKBP12.6 induced hypertrophy and apoptosis in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes, indicating that the role of FKBP12.6 in cardiac hypertrophy is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of FKBP12.6 in angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced cardiac hypertrophy using various transgenic mouse models in vivo and in vitro. FKBP12.6 knockout (FKBP12.6−/−) mice and cardiac‐specific FKBP12.6 overexpressing (FKBP12.6 TG) mice were infused with AngII (1500 ng/kg/min) for 14 days subcutaneously by implantation of an osmotic mini‐pump. The results showed that FKBP12.6 deficiency aggravated AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy, while cardiac‐specific overexpression of FKBP12.6 prevented hearts from the hypertrophic response to AngII stimulation in mice. Consistent with the results in vivo, overexpression of FKBP12.6 in H9c2 cells significantly repressed the AngII‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, seen as reductions in the cell sizes and the expressions of hypertrophic genes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the protection of FKBP12.6 on AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy was involved in reducing the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i), in which the protein significantly inhibited the key Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent signalling pathways such as calcineurin/cardiac form of nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 (NFATc4), calmodulin kinaseII (CaMKII)/MEF‐2, AKT/Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/NFATc4 and AKT/mTOR signalling pathways. Our study demonstrated that FKBP12.6 protects heart from AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy through inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin‐mediated signalling pathways.
Ramie is an important natural fiber crop, and the fiber yield and its related traits are the most valuable traits in ramie production. However, the genetic basis for these traits is still poorly ...understood, which has dramatically hindered the breeding of high yield in this fiber crop. Herein, a high-density genetic map with 6,433 markers spanning 2476.5 cM was constructed using a population derived from two parents, cultivated ramie Zhongsizhu 1 (ZSZ1) and its wild progenitor B. nivea var. tenacissima (BNT). The fiber yield (FY) and its four related traits-stem diameter (SD) and length (SL), stem bark weight (BW) and thickness (BT)-were performed for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, resulting in a total of 47 QTLs identified. Forty QTLs were mapped into 12 genomic regions, thus forming 12 QTL clusters. Among 47 QTLs, there were 14 QTLs whose wild allele from BNT was beneficial. Interestingly, all QTLs in Cluster 10 displayed overdominance, indicating that the region of this cluster was likely heterotic loci. In addition, four fiber yield-related genes underwent positive selection were found either to fall into the FY-related QTL regions or to be near to the identified QTLs. The dissection of FY and FY-related traits not only improved our understanding to the genetic basis of these traits, but also provided new insights into the domestication of FY in ramie. The identification of many QTLs and the discovery of beneficial alleles from wild species provided a basis for the improvement of yield traits in ramie breeding.
Desktop-size robots are becoming commonly used in many fields such as caring, education and entertainment. But factors that affect human perception of desktop-size robots and their interaction are ...still unclear. The study examined the impact of robot behavior and appearance on the Robot Social Attributes Scale (RoSAS) during a virtual human-robot interaction study. The results showed that robots with human-like behavior were perceived more positively than those with random behavior, but the appearance of the robot did not have a significant impact on perception. The findings suggest that the design of humanlike behavior should be prioritized in future HRI studies and robot design. Real-world experiments are also recommended to verify the findings for the application of desktop-size robots in the healthcare field.
Background
Childbirth may cause the most severe pain some women experience in their lifetime. Epidural analgesia is an effective form of pain relief during labour and is considered to be the ...reference standard. Traditionally epidural analgesia has been delivered as a continuous infusion via a catheter in the epidural space, with or without the ability for the patient to supplement the analgesia received by activating a programmable pump to deliver additional top‐up doses, known as patient‐controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). There has been interest in delivering maintenance analgesic medication via bolus dosing (automated mandatory bolus ‐ AMB) instead of the traditional continuous basal infusion (BI); recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that the AMB technique leads to improved analgesia and maternal satisfaction.
Objectives
To assess the effects of automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintaining epidural analgesia in labour.
Search methods
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, the World Health Organization International Clinial Trials Registry Platform (WHO‐ICTRP) and ClinicalTrials.gov on 16 January 2018. We screened the reference lists of all eligible trials and reviews. We also contacted authors of included studies in this field in order to identify unpublished research and trials still underway, and we screened the reference lists of the included articles for potentially relevant articles.
Selection criteria
We included all RCTs that compared the use of bolus dosing AMB with continuous BI for providing pain relief during epidural analgesia for labour in women.
Data collection and analysis
We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcomes were: risk of breakthrough pain with the need for anaesthetic intervention; risk of caesarean delivery; risk of instrumental delivery. Secondary outcomes included: duration of labour; local anaesthetic consumption. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome.
Main results
We included 12 studies with a total of 1121 women. Ten studies enrolled healthy nulliparous women only and two studies enrolled healthy parous women at term as well. All studies excluded women with complicated pregnancies. There were variations in the technique of initiation of epidural analgesia. Seven studies utilized the combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique, and the other five studies only placed an epidural catheter without any intrathecal injection. Seven studies utilized ropivacaine: six with fentanyl and one with sufentanil. Two studies used levobupivacaine: one with sufentanil and one with fentanyl. Three used bupivacaine with or without fentanyl. The overall risk of bias of the studies was low.
AMB probably reduces the risk of breakthrough pain compared with BI for maintaining epidural analgesia for labour (from 33% to 20%; risk ratio (RR) 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39 to 0.92, 10 studies, 797 women, moderate‐certainty evidence). AMB may make little or no difference to the risk of caesarean delivery compared to BI (15% and 16% respectively; RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.21, 11 studies, 1079 women, low‐certainty evidence).
AMB may make little or no difference in the risk of instrumental delivery compared to BI (12% and 9% respectively; RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.06, 11 studies, 1079 women, low‐certainty evidence). There is probably little or no difference in the mean duration of labour with AMB compared to BI (mean difference (MD) −10.38 min; 95% CI −26.73 to 5.96, 11 studies, 1079 women, moderate‐certainty evidence). There is probably a reduction in the hourly consumption of local anaesthetic with AMB compared to BI for maintaining epidural analgesia during labour (MD −1.08 mg/h; 95% CI −1.78 to −0.38, 12 studies, 1121 women, moderate‐certainty evidence). Five out of seven studies reported an increase in maternal satisfaction with AMB compared to BI for maintaining epidural analgesia for labour; however, we did not pool these data due to their ordinal nature. Seven studies reported Apgar scores, though there was significant heterogeneity in reporting. None of the studies showed any significant difference between Apgar scores between groups.
Authors' conclusions
There is predominantly moderate‐certainty evidence that AMB is similar to BI for maintaining epidural analgesia for labour for all measured outcomes and may have the benefit of decreasing the risk of breakthrough pain and improving maternal satisfaction while decreasing the amount of local anaesthetic needed.
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also known as osteonectin or BM-40, is a matricellular protein involved in several biological processes including cell adhesion, growth factor ...availability, extracellular matrix remodeling and immune-regulation. SPARC has also been associated with a variety of diseases including diabetes, colon cancer, and leukemia. The expression of SPARC in different diseases exhibits some degree of ambiguity, especially in hemopathies. Herein, we review the current expression and effects of SPARC in various hematologic disorders with respect to nanoparticle albumin bound innovative therapies and related diagnostic research, providing a clinical perspective on the use of NAB technology in the frontier treatment of hematologic diseases.
This study examined the effects of plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone (PAC) concentrations as well as common polymorphisms in the β
-Adrenoceptor gene (
) and the ...G-protein α-Subunit (G
) protein gene the G protein α-Subunit 1 gene (
) on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response to bisoprolol in Chinese patients with hypertension.
Patients with sitting clinic systolic BP (SBP) 140-169 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) 90-109 mmHg after placebo run-in were treated with open-label bisoprolol 2.5 mg daily for 6 weeks. Patients diagnosed as having primary aldosteronism or renal artery stenosis were excluded. PRA, Ang II and PAC concentrations were measured after the placebo run-in and after 6 weeks of treatment. The Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly polymorphisms in
and the c.393C > T polymorphism in
were genotyped by the TaqMan
assay.
In 99 patients who completed the study, baseline PAC levels were significantly associated with baseline DBP and plasma potassium on univariate but not on multivariate linear regression analysis. PRA, Ang II, and PAC concentrations at baseline were not associated with changes in BP with bisoprolol treatment, but the values were all significantly reduced (PRA -0.141 ± 0.595 ng/mL/h, Ang II -2.390 ± 5.171 pmol/L and aldosterone -51.86 ± 119.1 pg/mL; all
< 0.05) following 6 weeks of bisoprolol treatment. There were no significant differences in BP or HR responses in patients with baseline PRA above or below the PRA cut-point of 0.65 ng/mL/h or the median value of 0.9 ng/ml/hour. There were no significant associations of the
and
polymorphisms with the clinic and ambulatory BP and HR responses to bisoprolol.
Baseline PRA, PAC and Ang II concentrations showed no significant association with the BP response to bisoprolol treatment, but all these parameters were reduced after 6 weeks of treatment with bisoprolol. The two common polymorphisms in
and the c.393C > T polymorphism in
had no significant association with the BP and HR response to bisoprolol in these patients.
The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) is mapping the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at large angular scales (2 < 200) in search of a primordial gravitational wave ...B-mode signal down to a tensor-to-scalar ratio of r 0.01. The same data set will provide a near sample-variance-limited measurement of the optical depth to reionization. Between 2016 June and 2018 March, CLASS completed the largest ground-based Q-band CMB survey to date, covering over 31,000 square-degrees (75% of the sky), with an instantaneous array noise-equivalent temperature sensitivity of . We demonstrate that the detector optical loading (1.6 pW) and noise-equivalent power (19 ) match the expected noise model dominated by photon bunching noise. We derive a 13.1 0.3 K pW−1 calibration to antenna temperature based on Moon observations, which translates to an optical efficiency of 0.48 0.02 and a 27 K system noise temperature. Finally, we report a Tau A flux density of 308 11 Jy at 38.4 0.2 GHz, consistent with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Tau A time-dependent spectral flux density model.
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