In recent years, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have received extensive interest because of the diversity of their composition, structure, and function. To promote the MOFs' function and ...performance, the construction of hollow structural metal–organic frameworks and nanoparticle–MOF composites is significantly effective but remains a considerable challenge. In this article, a transformation strategy is developed to synthesize hollow structural Co‐MOF‐74 by solvothermal transformation of ZIF‐67. These Co‐MOF‐74 particles exhibit a double‐layer hollow shell structure without remarkable shape change compared to original ZIF‐67 particles. The formation of hollow structure stemmed from the density difference of Co between ZIF‐67 and Co‐MOF‐74. By this strategy, hollow structural Co‐MOF‐74 with different sizes and shapes are obtained from corresponding ZIF‐67, and metal nanoparticles@Co‐MOF‐74 is synthesized by corresponding nanoparticles@Co‐ZIF‐67. To verify the structural advantages of hollow structural Co‐MOF‐74 and Ag nanoparticles@Co‐MOF‐74, photocatalytic CO2 reduction is used as a model reaction. Conventionally synthesized Co‐MOF‐74 (MOF‐74‐C), hollow structural Co‐MOF‐74 synthesized by transformation method (MOF‐74‐T) and Ag nanoparticles@Co‐MOF‐74 (AgNPs@MOF‐74) are used as cocatalysts in this reaction. As a result, the cocatalytic activity of MOF‐74‐T and AgNPs@MOF‐74 is 1.8 times and 3.8 times that of MOF‐74‐C, respectively.
A novel transformation strategy is developed to synthesize hollow structural Co‐MOF‐74 with different sizes and shapes. In contrast to conventionally synthesized Co‐MOF‐74, hollow structural Co‐MOF‐74 (MOF‐74‐T) exhibits an obviously enhanced cocatalytic activity in a photocatalytic CO2 reduction system. Metal nanoparticles@Co‐MOF‐74 can also be synthesized by this strategy.
Air-side heat transfer and friction characteristics of nine kinds of fin-and-tube heat exchangers, with a large number of tube rows (6, 9, and 12, respectively) and large diameter of tubes (18 mm), ...are experimentally investigated. The test samples consist of three types of fin configurations: plain fin, slit fin, and fin with delta-wing longitudinal vortex generators. The working fluid in the tube is steam. Results show that when the number of tube is larger than 6, the heat transfer and friction performance for three kinds of fins is independent of the number of tube rows, and slit fin provides higher heat transfer and pressure drop than the other two fins. The heat transfer and friction factor correlations for all the heat exchangers were acquired with Reynolds numbers ranging from 4000 to 10000. The air-side performance of heat exchangers with plain fin, slit fin, and longitudinal vortex-generator fin were evaluated under three sets of criteria, and the results showed that the heat exchanger with slit fin has better performance than that with vortex-generator fin, especially at high Reynolds numbers.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The regional climate model, RegCM3, is used to simulate the 2004 summer surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation at different horizontal (i.e., 30, 60, and 90 km) and vertical resolutions ...(i.e., 14, 18, and 23 layers). Results showed that increasing resolution evidently changes simulated SATs with regional characteristics. For example, simulated SATs are apparently better produced when horizontal resolution increases from 60 to 30 km under the 23 layers. Meanwhile, the SATs over the entire area are more sensitive to vertical resolution than horizontal resolution. The subareas present higher sensitivities than the total area, with larger horizontal resolution effects than those of vertical resolution. For precipitation, increasing resolution shows higher impact compared to SAT, with higher sensitivity induced by vertical resolution than by horizontal resolution, especially in rainy South China. The best SAT/precipitation can be produced only when the horizontal and vertical resolutions are reasonably configured. This indicates that different resolutions lead to different atmospheric thermodynamic states. Because of the dry climate and low soil heat capacity in Northern China, resolution changes easily modify surface energy fluxes, hence the SAT; due to the rainy and humid climate in South China, resolution changes likely strongly influence grid-scale structure of clouds and therefore precipitation.
To compare the relative clinical efficacy of preoperative computed tomography (CT)-guided methylene-blue (MB) and coil localization for lung nodules (LNs).
Between January 2013 and December 2018, a ...total of 89 patients with LNs underwent CT-guided MB or coil localization and subsequent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)-guided wedge resection in our hospital. We compared the technical success of localization and wedge resection between two groups.
In MB group, 47 LNs in 39 patients were localized, with successful localization and wedge resection rates of 97.9% and 97.9%, respectively. In the coil group, 64 LNs in 50 patients were localized, with successful localization and wedge resection rates of 96.9% and 96.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences in technical success rates of localization and wedge resection between the two groups (p = 1.000 and 1.000). The coil group sustained a longer duration between localization and VATS relative to the MB group (14.4 h vs. 1.6 h, p = .001).
Both MB and coil localization were safe and effective techniques to establish a high success rate of VATS-guided wedge resection for LNs. Relative to MB localization, coil localization might be compatible with a longer delay between localization and VATS.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Past research has consistently found that people are likely to do worse on high‐level cognitive tasks after exerting self‐control on previous actions. However, little has been unraveled about to what ...extent ego depletion affects subsequent prospective memory. Drawing upon the self‐control strength model and the relationship between self‐control resources and executive control, this study proposes that the initial actions of self‐control may undermine subsequent event‐based prospective memory (EBPM). Ego depletion was manipulated through watching a video requiring visual attention (Experiment 1) or completing an incongruent Stroop task (Experiment 2). Participants were then tested on EBPM embedded in an ongoing task. As predicted, the results showed that after ruling out possible intervening variables (e.g. mood, focal and nonfocal cues, and characteristics of ongoing task and ego depletion task), participants in the high‐depletion condition performed significantly worse on EBPM than those in the low‐depletion condition. The results suggested that the effect of ego depletion on EBPM was mainly due to an impaired prospective component rather than to a retrospective component.
La investigación antecedente ha encontrado consistentemente que la gente es propensa a empeorar en tareas cognitivas de alto nivel después de ejercer autocontrol en acciones previas. Sin embargo, se ha desentrañado poco en qué medida el agotamiento del yo afecta la memoria prospectiva subsecuente. Basándose en el modelo de la fuerza de autocontrol y la relación entre los recursos de autocontrol y el control ejecutivo, este estudio propone que las acciones iniciales de autocontrol pueden minar la memoria prospectiva basada en eventos (EBPM) subsecuente. Se manipuló el agotamiento del yo vía observar un video que requería atención visual (Experimento 1) o completar una tarea incongruente de Stroop (Experimento 2). Se sometió a prueba la EBMP de los participantes incluida en una tarea que realizaban. Como se predijo, los resultados mostraron que luego de descartar posibles variables intervinientes (p.ej., claves focales y no focales, y características de la tarea en marcha y la tarea de agotamiento del yo), los participantes en la condición de agotamiento alto se desempeñaron significativamente peor en la EBPM que aquellos en la condición de agotamiento bajo. Los resultados sugirieron que el efecto del agotamiento del yo sobre la EBPM se debió principalmente a un componente prospectivo deteriorado, màs que a un componente retrospectivo.
Les recherches précédentes ont régulièrement montré que les gens ont tendance à obtenir de moins bons résultats dans des tâches cognitives supérieures après avoir exercé une maîtrise d'eux‐mêmes lors de conduites antérieures. Cependant, peu d'éclaircissement a été fourni sur les conséquences de la dépréciation de soi sur la mémoire prospective. En s'appuyant sur le modèle éprouvé du contrôle de soi ainsi que sur le rapport entre les ressources associées au contrôle de soi et l'exécution de ce contrôle, cette étude vise à montrer que les actions initiales associées à la maîtrise de soi peuvent miner la mémoire prospective événementielle (event‐based prospective memory – EBPM). La dépréciation de soi fut manipulée lors d'une séance de visualisation d'une vidéo exigeant de l'attention visuelle (expérimentation 1) ou lors de l'accomplissement d'une tâche incongrue de Stroop (expérimentation 2). Les participants furent ensuite testés sur leur EBPM lors d'une épreuve consécutive. Tel que prédits, les résultats indiquent que, après un contrôle des variables intervenantes (l'humeur, les indices ciblés et non ciblés, les caractéristiques des épreuves consécutives et les tâches de dépréciation de soi), les participants placés dans la situation de forte dépréciation de soi ont significativement moins bien performé sur le EBPM que ceux placés dans une faible situation de dépréciation de soi. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'effet de dépréciation de soi sur le EBMP est principalement dû à une composante de dissonance cognitive prospective plutôt qu'à une composante rétrospective.
Realistic hydrological response is sensitive to the spatial variability of landscape properties. For a grid-based distributed rainfall-runoff model with a hypothesis of a uniform grid, the ...high-frequency information within a grid cell will be gradually lost as the resolution of the digital elevation model (DEM) grows coarser. Therefore, the performance of a hydrological model is usually scale-dependent. This study used the Grid-Xinanjiang (GXAJ) model as an example to investigate the effects of subgrid variability on hydrological response at different scales. With the aim of producing a more reasonable hydrological response and spatial description of the landscape properties, a new distributed rainfall-runoff model integrating the subgrid variability (the GXAJSV model) was developed. In this model, the topographic index is used as an auxiliary variable correlated with the soil storage capacity. The incomplete beta distribution is suggested for simulating the probability distribution of the soil storage capacity within the raster grid. The Yaogu Basin in China was selected for model calibration and validation at different spatial scales. Results demonstrated that the proposed model can effectively eliminate the scale dependence of the GXAJ model and produce a more reasonable hydrological response.
▶ We employed a simple method to synthesize the iron nanoparticles confined in highly ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with different iron contents under an acidic condition generated from the ...self-hydrolysis of precursory salt. The iron nanoparticles confined in highly ordered mesoporous carbons have been directly synthesized through a simple soft templating method by using resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) as a carbon precursor, triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 as a template agent and hydrated iron nitrite as an iron source. ▶ The carbon material exhibited highly ordered mesoporous structure, and the iron nanoparticles were uniformly confined in the OMC walls, and constructed the backbone of the mesoporous structures with carbon. Such self-protected Fe/OMC composites will be promising materials for many applications in the fields of separation, catalysis and drug delivery which could be separated by an appropriate magnetic field.
The iron nanoparticles confined in highly ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) have been directly synthesized through a simple soft templating method by using resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) as a carbon precursor, triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 as a template agent and hydrated iron nitrite as an iron source. This synthesis was carried out by the carbonization of the F127/Fe(H
2O)
9(NO
3)
3/RF composites self-assembled in an acidic medium, which was generated from the self-hydrolysis of precursory salt. The effects of iron loading contents on the morphology, pore feature and magnetic properties of the iron nanoparticles confined in OMCs were characterized by the X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption and vibrating-sample magnetometer measurement. It was found that Fe
3+ was captured by the network of F127/RF and further reduced into metallic Fe nanoparticles during the carbonization. The results showed that the carbon material exhibited highly ordered mesoporous structure, and the iron nanoparticles were uniformly confined in the OMC walls when the Fe/R molar ratio was around 0.1. The saturation magnetization
Ms, remanent magnetization
Mr, and coercivity
Hc of the Fe/OMC composites increased with the increasing of Fe/R molar ratio. The Fe/OMC composites exhibited the soft ferromagnetic behavior and the magnetization parameters could be adjusted by the content of iron.
We propose a novel discriminative learning approach for Bayesian pattern classification, called ‘constrained maximum margin (CMM)’. We define the margin between two classes as the difference between ...the minimum decision value for positive samples and the maximum decision value for negative samples. The learning problem is to maximize the margin under the constraint that each training pattern is classified correctly. This nonlinear programming problem is solved using the sequential unconstrained minimization technique. We applied the proposed CMM approach to learn Bayesian classifiers based on Gaussian mixture models, and conducted the experiments on 10 UCI datasets. The performance of our approach was compared with those of the expectation-maximization algorithm, the support vector machine, and other state-of-the-art approaches. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach.
Annotation of protein functions plays an important role in understanding life at the molecular level. High‐throughput sequencing produces massive numbers of raw proteins sequences and only about 1% ...of them have been manually annotated with functions. Experimental annotations of functions are expensive, time‐consuming and do not keep up with the rapid growth of the sequence numbers. This motivates the development of computational approaches that predict protein functions. A novel deep learning framework, DeepFunc, is proposed which accurately predicts protein functions from protein sequence‐ and network‐derived information. More precisely, DeepFunc uses a long and sparse binary vector to encode information concerning domains, families, and motifs collected from the InterPro tool that is associated with the input protein sequence. This vector is processed with two neural layers to obtain a low‐dimensional vector which is combined with topological information extracted from protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and functional linkages. The combined information is processed by a deep neural network that predicts protein functions. DeepFunc is empirically and comparatively tested on a benchmark testing dataset and the Critical Assessment of protein Function Annotation algorithms (CAFA) 3 dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that DeepFunc outperforms current methods on the testing dataset and that it secures the highest Fmax = 0.54 and AUC = 0.94 on the CAFA3 dataset.
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