Citrus fruits are a very rich source of electrolytes and citric acid. They have been used traditionally for treating urinary ailments and renal stones. Citrus jambhiri is indigenously used as a ...diuretic.
Present study aimed at establishing the antiurolithiatic potential of the juice of Citrus jambhiri fruits along with the elucidation of the mechanism involved in the urolithiasis disease defying activity.
The antiurolithiatic activity was established by means of nucleation, growth and aggregation assay in the in vitro settings and by means of ethylene glycol mediated calcium oxalate urolithiasis in the male Wistar rats. Docking studies were performed in an attempt to determine the mechanism of the antiurolithiatic action.
Present study revealed the role of C. jambhiri fruit juice in reducing nucleation, growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals by possible reduction in the urinary supersaturation relative to calcium oxalate and raising the zeta potential of the calcium oxalate crystals. C. jambhiri fruit juice treatment in experimental rats produced significant amelioration of hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperphosphaturia, hyperproteinuria, hyperuricosuria, hypocitraturia and hypomagnesiuria and ion activity product of calcium oxalate. It exhibited nephroprotection against calcium oxalate crystals induced renal tubular dilation and renal tissue deterioration. Docking studies further revealed high binding potential of the phytoconstituents of C. jambhiri viz. narirutin, neohesperidin, hesperidin, rutin and citric acid with glycolate oxidase and matrix metalloproteinase-9.
C. jambhiri fruit juice possesses excellent antiurolithiatic activity. The study reveals antiurolithiatic mechanism that involves restoration of equilibrium between the promoters and inhibitors of stone formation; and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and glycolate oxidase.
•Citrus jambhiri fruit juice exhibited anticrystallization activity in vitro and in vivo.•It restored balance in the promoters and inhibitors of stone formation.•It exhibited nephroprotection against calcium oxalate induced renal cellular insult.•Docking studies revealed inhibition of matric metalloproteinases and glycolate oxidase.
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The impacts of exogenous rosmarinic acid (RA, 100 μM) and/or hesperidin (HP, 100 μM) were evaluated in improving tolerance on the gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and efficiencies, ...phenomenological fluxes of photosystems, antioxidant system and gene expression related to the lipid biosynthesis under heat stress. For this purpose, Arabidopsis thaliana was grown under RA and HP with heat stress (S, 38 °C) for 24 h(h). As shown in gas exchange parameters, heat stress caused mesophyll efficiency and non-stomatal restrictions. Both alone and combined forms of RA and HP to stress-treated A. thaliana alleviated the disturbance of carbon assimilation, transpiration rate and internal CO2 concentrations. Stress impaired the levels of energy flow reaching reaction centers of PSII and the photon capture ability of active reaction centers. RA and/or HP enhanced photosystems' structural/functional characteristics and photosynthetic performance. Histochemical staining and biochemical analyses revealed that heat stress caused the oxidation in A. thaliana. By activating several defensive mechanisms, RA and/or HP could reverse the harm caused by radical production. Both alone and combined forms of RA and HP removed superoxide anion radical (O2•−) accumulation, inducing superoxide dismutase (SOD). The common enzyme that scavenged hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at all three applications (S + RA, S + HP and S + RA + HP) was POX. Also, only RA could utilize the ascorbate (AsA) regeneration in response to stress, suggesting increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate (DHAR) activities. However, the regeneration/redox state of AsA and glutathione (GSH) did not maintain under S + HP and S + RA + HP. While RA had no positive influence on the saturated fatty acids under stress, HP increased the total saturated fatty acids (primarily palmitic acid). Besides, the combined application of RA + HP effectively created the stress response by increasing the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis. The synergetic interactions of RA and HP could explain the increased levels of saturated fatty acids in combining these compounds. The data obtained from the study will contribute to the responses of phenolic compounds in plants to heat stress.
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•Hesperidin (HP) increased the level of total saturated fatty acids.•Rosmarinic acid (RA) increased ascorbate content under stress.•RA and HP regulated photosynthetic efficiency under stress.•In response to stress, RA and HP decreased radical accumulation.•BCCP2, FAD2 and FAD3 were upregulated under RA and HP plus stress.
Nutraceuticals in Neurological Disorders Makkar, Rashita; Behl, Tapan; Bungau, Simona ...
International journal of molecular sciences,
06/2020, Letnik:
21, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Neurological diseases are one of the major healthcare issues worldwide. Posed lifestyle changes are associated with drastically increased risk of chronic illness and diseases, posing a substantial ...healthcare and financial burden to society globally. Researchers aim to provide fine treatment for ailing disorders with minimal exposed side effects. In recent decades, several studies on functional foods have been initiated to obtain foods that have fewer side effects and increased therapeutic activity. Hence, an attempt has been made to unravel several extraction techniques to acquire essential bioactive compounds or phytochemicals from therapeutically active food products. This has led to the conception of the term functional foods being meddled with other similar terms like "pharmafoods," "medifoods", "vitafoods", or "medicinal foods". With a dire need to adhere towards healthy options, the demand of nutraceuticals is widely increasing to combat neurological interventions. An association between food habits and the individual lifestyle with neurodegeneration has been manifested, thereby proposing the role of nutraceuticals as prophylactic treatment for neurological interventions. The current review covers some of the major neurological disorders and nutraceutical therapy in the prevention of disease.
In this work, the biological and chemical fingerprints of three extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) from two
species (
and
) were investigated. Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic ...activities were performed for the biological fingerprint. For the chemical characterization, total bioactive components, and individual phenolic components were determined using photometric and HPLC methods, respectively. The main identified phenolic compounds in these extracts were rutin and catechin. Methanol and water extracts contained the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. The results of antioxidant assays showed that methanol and water extracts displayed higher antioxidant activity compared to the ethyl acetate extract. Generally, methanol and water extracts exhibited higher biological activities correlated with higher levels the bioactive components. For
, the methanol extract exhibited the highest enzyme inhibitory activity (except BChE inhibitory activity).
exhibited also high antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells whilst
had weak to moderate activity against both of A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. The results suggest that
species could be potential candidates for developing new phyto-pharmaceuticals and functional ingredients.
Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) berries are emphasized as healthy food or are used widely as dietary supplements. In the present study, the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of berries extracts ...from two selected Romanian cultivars (cv. Erma and cv. Biglifeberry) have been evaluated. UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis results revealed the presence of organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids (oxylipins), and spermidine derivatives. In particular, cv. Erma showed an important tyrosinase-inhibitory effect, whereas, cv. Biglifeberry had a superior antioxidant capacity. Particularly, results provided by the CUPRAC assay showed the highest antioxidant capacity values (26.91 mg TE/g and 35.41 mg TE/g, for ‘Erma’ and ‘Biglifeberry’, respectively). Toxicological properties of the extracts were evaluated with human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) using the cytotoxicity analysis platform iCELLigence, real-time and label-free impedance technology. No cytotoxic effects were observed in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Overall, Goji berries are a rich source of bioactive compounds with functional properties that need further risk/benefit evaluation when used in foods or health-promoting formulations.
Diabetic complications-coronary atherosclerosis is closely related to the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by hyperglycemia. ROS are reported to induce the abnormal proliferation of ...vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under high glucose conditions. Leaf and seed extracts from Moringa oleifera are found to exhibit antioxidant activity. However, few studies are evaluating the antioxidant activities of chemical compounds isolated from the M. oleifera especially in cardiovascular field.
The aim of this study is to explore the antioxidative effect during hyperglycemia of niazirin from M. oleifera.
A cell model was applied.
After the taking the in vitro antioxidant experiment including ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Cell viability was carried out using high glucose-induced VSMCs model. ROS production was tested by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay. The protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox 4) expression in vitro and in vivo were measured by western blot analysis.
Niazirin showed good free radical scavenging activity. Niazirin significantly attenuated the proliferation of high glucose-induced VSMCs. Furthermore, it could decrease the ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) productions, while increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in high glucose-induced VSMCs and streptozotocin-induced mice. In addition, niazirin could eliminate the high glucose-induced PKCζ activation, indicated by Thr410 phosphorylation and inhibition of the Nox4 protein expression in vitro and in vivo.
Niazirin from M. oleifera exhibited notably antioxidant activities and could be utilized as a potential natural antioxidant in preventing diabetic atherosclerosis.
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•The methanolic and water extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity.•Chlorogenic and benzoic acid was identified as a major phenolic component.•Antioxidative effects are the first report for ...this species.•Enyzme inhibitory activities of the species were assessed for the first time.
The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of different solvent extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) from Sideritis galatica were evaluated. Cholinesterase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the extracts were tested by microtiter plate assays. Antioxidant abilities were tested using free radical scavenging (DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) and NO), reducing power (FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity)), total antioxidant capacity and chelating assays. Methanol and water extracts showed higher phenolic content, DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity and reducing power activities, while the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract had the highest inhibition abilities on the enzymes. 18 phenolic components in these extracts were detected by using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Results obtained in this work indicate that S. galatica may be useful as a source of natural agents for the management of oxidative process, Alzheimer's disease and type II diabetes.
Nutritional and functional roles of millets—A review Nithiyanantham, Srinivasan; Kalaiselvi, Palanisamy; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi ...
Journal of food biochemistry,
July 2019, Letnik:
43, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The available cultivable plant‐based food resources in developing tropical countries are inadequate to supply proteins for both human and animals. Such limition of available plant food sources are ...due to shrinking of agricultural land, rapid urbanization, climate change, and tough competition between food and feed industries for existing food and feed crops. However, the cheapest food materials are those that are derived from plant sources which although they occur in abundance in nature, are still underutilized. At this juncture, identification, evaluation, and introduction of underexploited millet crops, including crops of tribal utility which are generally rich in protein is one of the long‐term viable solutions for a sustainable supply of food and feed materials. In view of the above, the present review endeavors to highlight the nutritional and functional potential of underexploited millet crops.
Practical applications
Millets are an important food crop at a global level with a significant economic impact on developing countries. Millets have advantageous characteristics as they are drought and pest‐resistance grains. Millets are considered as high‐energy yielding nourishing foods which help in addressing malnutrition. Millet‐based foods are considered as potential prebiotic and probiotics with prospective health benefits. Grains of these millet species are widely consumed as a source of traditional medicines and important food to preserve health.
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•Tanacetum macrophyllum and Telekia speciosa phytochemical profilings were analyzed.•Acylquinic acids, methoxylated flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones were annotated.•Chemometric ...and multivariate analyses of biological activity were performed.•T. speciosa has prominent cholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory potential.•T. macrophyllum shows the highest radical scavenging activity and reducing power.
Asteraceae species Tanacetum macrophyllum (Walds. & Kit.) Sch.Bip. (Tm) and Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. (Ts) are renowned for their ethnomedicinal use. This work aims to provide an in-depth characterization of the methanol-aqueous extracts from the flower heads, aerial parts and roots of the species. Annotation and dereplication of 113 secondary metabolites was achieved in the studied samples; 63 compounds are reported in the species for the first time. Herein, 38 acylquinic acids analogues, 31 flavonols and flavones, 17 sesquiterpene lactones together with phenylethanoid glycosides and sugar esters were evidenced in the assayed extracts. The principal component and heat-map analysis identified 20 marker metabolites that revealed herbal drug-specific chemical patterns: phenylethanoid glycosides, quinic, chlorogenic and 3-feruloyl-4-caffeoylquinic acid, patuletin, eupatorin, quercetagetin-trimethyl ether, artecalin and artemisiifolin had the highest contribution in variance. The esters of caffeic/ferulic acid-hexoside were exclusively produced by T. speciosa while methoxylated flavonoids were evidenced in T. macrophyllum. According to the multivariate analysis of biological potential, radical scavenging activity and reducing power accounted mostly for the stronger antioxidant capacity of Tm in comparison with Ts. Telekia specosa aerial parts and roots had marked impact on acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (up to 4.82 ± 0.22 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g and 3.20 ± 0.30 mg GALAE/g, respectively) and tyrosinase (up to 119.00 ± 0.97 mg kojic acid equivalent/g) inhibition. Tanacetum macrophyllum aerial parts and flower heads were beneficial for attenuating carbohydrate metabolism disorders witnessed by α-glucosidase (1.45 ± 0.27 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g) and α-amylase (0.65 ± 0.04 mmol ACAE/g) inhibitory activity. Tanacetum macrophyllum flower heads and T. speciosa roots can be recommended for production of raw material with antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential.
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•Intake of polyphenols is inversely associated with cardiovascular events.•Polyphenols exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet and anti-hypertensive ...activities.•Polyphenols can ameliorate established mitochondrial and endothelial dysfunctions.•Daily supplementation of polyphenol rich-diet and beverages might be recommended.
Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of naturally occurring, polyphenol supplementations, on cardiovascular system. The present review emphasizes on the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disorders (involving heart and blood vessels), and overview of preclinical and clinical trials on polyphenols for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The review collaborates PUBMED, Google Scholar and Research gate databases, which were explored using keywords and their combinations such as polyphenols, cardiovascular disease, flavonoids, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors and several others, to create an eclectic manuscript. The potency and efficacy of these polyphenols are mainly depending upon the amount of consumption and bioavailability. Recent data showed that polyphenols also exert beneficial actions on vascular system by blocking platelet aggregation and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), ameliorating endothelial dysfunction, reducing blood pressure, improving antioxidant defenses and alleviating inflammatory responses. Several studies evidently support the cardioprotective actions mediated by polyphenols, however, some studies or long-term follow-up of human studies, did not demonstrate decisive outcomes because of variations in dose regimen and lack of appropriate controls. Therefore, more data is required to explore the therapeutic benefits of bioactive compounds as a preventive therapy for CVDs.
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