High-altitude adaptation of Tibetans represents a remarkable case of natural selection during recent human evolution. Previous genome-wide scans found many non-coding variants under selection, ...suggesting a pressing need to understand the functional role of non-coding regulatory elements (REs). Here, we generate time courses of paired ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data on cultured HUVECs under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We further develop a variant interpretation methodology (vPECA) to identify active selected REs (ASREs) and associated regulatory network. We discover three causal SNPs of EPAS1, the key adaptive gene for Tibetans. These SNPs decrease the accessibility of ASREs with weakened binding strength of relevant TFs, and cooperatively down-regulate EPAS1 expression. We further construct the downstream network of EPAS1, elucidating its roles in hypoxic response and angiogenesis. Collectively, we provide a systematic approach to interpret phenotype-associated noncoding variants in proper cell types and relevant dynamic conditions, to model their impact on gene regulation.
Due to the high absorption rate of traditional autologous fat grafting, cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-assisted lipotransfer were developed. The purpose of this ...article was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CAL and PRP in promoting the survival of autologous fat grafting through systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE for clinical studies on CAL and PRP-assisted lipotransfer published from January 2010 to January 2020. Then a meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of CAL and PRP-assisted lipotransfer through data analysis of fat survival rate. We also assessed the incidence of complications and multiple operations to analyze their safety. A total of 36 studies (1697 patients) were included in this review. Regardless of the recipient area, CAL and PRP-assisted lipotransfer significantly improved the fat survival rate (CAL vs non-CAL: 71% vs 48%, P < 0.0001; PRP vs non-PRP: 70% vs 40%, P < 0.0001; CAL vs PRP: 71% vs 70%, P = 0.7175). However, in large-volume fat grafting, such as breast reconstruction, both increased the incidence of complications and did not decrease the frequency of multiple operations after lipotransfer. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the clinical benefits of CAL and PRP-assisted lipotransfer.
As the electrification process of aircrafts continues to advance, the propulsion motor system, as its core component, has received more attention and research. This paper summarizes and analyzes the ...development status, research focus and typical cases in this field in recent years. Firstly, it analyzes the basic structure and principle of five common motors, summarizes the current status of their respective applications in electric aircrafts, and compares them to determine the most suitable type of motor for use as a propulsion motor, focusing on various performance indexes. Then, the optimized design of propulsion motors is generally divided into two categories, namely high power density and fault tolerance. Starting from the basic relationship equation of motor design, the basic method to improve the power density of motors is pointed out; at the same time, according to the basic principles and objectives of the fault tolerance of motors, the fault tolerance design is divided into two aspects, namely the redundant design and the design to improve the fault tolerance capability. Finally, this paper summarizes the current development status of the propulsion motor system and the existing problems and points out the main development direction of this field in the future, so as to provide reference for the further development of the electric propulsion system of aircraft.
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•A novel 3-D S-wave velocity structure model (10–120km) beneath the SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau is constructed.•Two low-velocity channels for crustal flowing are existed in the ...study region.•One of the crustal flowing channels is connected with the magma material in the crust of the Tengchong volcanic field.•A magma dynamic model of the Tengchong volcano is proposed to interpret the migration patterns of the volcanic material.
The SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an important area to develop a better understanding of the plateau uplift and the Indian-Eurasian continental collision dynamics. Previous studies have reported widespread low-velocity anomalies beneath this region, particularly in the Tengchong volcanic field (TCVF). However, the spatial distribution and dynamic processes of these low-velocity anomalies are not well constrained. In this study, a 3-D S-wave velocity structure model of the crust and upper mantle (10–120km) in the region is constructed by the inversion of surface wave dispersion data. A two-step inversion procedure is adopted to generate the S-wave velocity structure images. The measured phase velocities and inverted S-wave velocities jointly show a large-scale low-velocity anomaly distributed in the crust, consistent with the view that the region is the passageway of the eastward migration of Tibetan Plateau material. Two crustal flowing channels are clearly observed at depths of ∼20km and ∼30km, which connect and rotate clockwise around the Eastern Himalaya Syntaxis. Beneath the TCVF, there are two prominent low-velocity anomaly zones at depths of ∼15–25km and ∼50–80km, which indicate the existence of magma chambers. One of the crustal flowing channels is connected with the magma chamber of the TCVF, and the other has a short branch north of Kunming toward the Mile-Shizong fault at a depth of 20km. Based on the distribution of the S-wave velocities under the TCVF, a dynamic model of the Tengchong volcano magma system is proposed to explain the migration patterns of the volcanic material.
Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed molecular targeted cancer treatment, which selectively kills cancer cells or immune-regulatory cells and induces therapeutic host ...immune responses by administrating a cancer targeting moiety conjugated with IRdye700. The local exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light causes a photo-induced ligand release reaction, which causes damage to the target cell, resulting in immunogenic cell death (ICD) with little or no side effect to the surrounding normal cells. Moreover, NIR-PIT can generate an immune response in distant metastases and inhibit further cancer attack by combing cancer cells targeting NIR-PIT and immune regulatory cells targeting NIR-PIT or other cancer treatment modalities. Several recent improvements in NIR-PIT have been explored such as catheter-driven NIR light delivery, real-time monitoring of cancer, and the development of new target molecule, leading to NIR-PIT being considered as a promising cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the progress of NIR-PIT, their mechanism and design strategies for cancer treatment. Furthermore, the overall possible targeting molecules for NIR-PIT with their application for cancer treatment are briefly summarised.
In recent years, with the increasing global focus on environmental protection, the issue of microfiber release from denim during the washing process has gained attention. In this study, a ...programmable washing device simulating household drum washing was designed and developed, microfibers and indigo dyes released from denim washing were quantitatively detected, and we have also developed a novel method for estimating the release of microfibers during washing. The effects of washing time, washing temperature, and washing load on microfiber and indigo dye release from denim were explored. The results showed that the effect of washing load on microfiber and indigo dye release was greater than washing temperature and washing time. The research findings indicate that with an increase in washing time (35-95 min) and washing load (100-250 g), the shedding of microfibers and indigo dye significantly increases, reaching peak release levels of 343.6 μg/g fabric and 0.027 mg/L, respectively. However, there is a decreasing trend in the release of microfibers and indigo dye when the washing temperature exceeds 50 °C. Furthermore, our data suggests that an increase in washing load leads to a significant change in the number of microfibers (from 978 items/g fabric to 1997 items/g fabric) and their mass (from 156.87 μg/g fabric to 343.56 μg/g fabric). The influence of washing time, washing temperature, and washing load on microfiber length shows relatively small fluctuations within the range of 600-900 µm. This study provides new ideas and methods for estimating the release of microfiber and indigo dye in denim washing around the world.
Hybrid joints have better tensile properties than pure bonded and bolted bolts, and are increasingly used in the aerospace field. Tensile tests are carried out for the Hybrid Bonded/Bolted (HBB) ...joints of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminate and titanium alloy plate under different bolt numbers, and the corresponding load–displacement curves are obtained. At the same time, based on Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) theory, which is derived from 3D Hashin failure criteria, and a Cohesive Zone Model (CZM), the tensile strength prediction model of the composite laminate-titanium alloy plate multi-bolted HBB joint was established, and the numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental height, which validate the feasibility of the model. The difference in the bearing capacity of HBB joints under different numbers of bolts is compared and analyzed. On this basis, the influence of inter-bolt distance on the tensile properties of the HBB joints is explored. The results show that the double-nail HBB joints can effectively improve the end warpage and low bearing capacity of the single-nail HBB joints. The tensile failure load of the double-nail HBB joints under the standard lap width (30 mm) is 82.6% higher than that of the single nail, the tensile failure load of the three-bolt HBB joints is 34.1% higher than that of the double nail. For the three-bolt HBB joint, the joint strength is controlled by the adhesive and the external bolt, while the internal bolt is redundant, the hybrid joint can be simplified by reducing the middle bolt. The inter-bolt distance has a great influence on the failure load of the hybrid joint. Increasing the inter-bolt distance can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the structure.
In the washing microenvironment, the shedding of reactive dyes from cotton fabrics dyed in highly saturated color (
CFSC
s) causes pollution of the water environment and the staining of light-colored ...fabrics (
LCF
s) washed together, which have gradually attracted the attention of researchers in the washing machine industry and environmental field. Therefore, inspired by the application of electrochemical technology in dyeing wastewater of the textile dyeing and finishing industry, electrochemical technology was successfully applied to a washing machine to degrade reactive dyes shed from fabric, thus effectively controlling potential environmental pollution problems. First, electrochemical equipment for the washing machine was built with Ti/IrO
2
as the anode and stainless steel as the cathode. Second, in the simulated washing-electrochemical degradation experiment, the electrochemical degradation parameters were selected by analyzing a single factor. The experiments show that the voltage (
X
1
), electrolyte concentration (
X
2
), and initial shed dye concentration (
X
3
) had significant effects on the degradation of shed dyes from
CFSC
s and staining of
LCF
in the simulated washing system. The Box‒Behnken experimental design method was used to optimize the electrochemical degradation parameters corresponding to the simulated washing-electrochemical degradation experiment. Finally, the electrochemical equipment was installed in a real washing machine, and the washing experiment verified that the electrochemical technology could effectively inhibit the water pollution and staining problems of
LCF
s caused by dye desorption in the washing microenvironment, which provides technical support for the research and development of new washing machines.
Traditional immunohistochemistry (IHC) has already become an essential method of diagnosis and therapy in cancer management. However, this antibody-based technique is limited to detecting a single ...marker per tissue section. Since immunotherapy has revolutionized the antineoplastic therapy, developing new immunohistochemistry strategies to detect multiple markers simultaneously to better understand tumor environment and predict or assess response to immunotherapy is necessary and urgent. Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC)/multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF), such as multiplex chromogenic IHC and multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry (mfIHC), is a new and emerging technology to label multiple biomarkers in a single pathological section. The mfIHC shows a higher performance in cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the technologies, which are applied for mfIHC, and discusses how they are employed for immunotherapy research.
An enhanced geothermal system is a kind of artificial geothermal system, which can economically exploit geothermal energy from deep thermal rock mass with low permeability by artificially created ...geothermal reservoirs. Chemical stimulation refers to a reservoir permeability enhancement method that injects a chemical stimulant into the fractured geothermal reservoir to improve the formation permeability by dissolving minerals. In this study, a reactive solute transport model was established based on TOUGHREACT to find out the effect of chemical stimulation on the reconstruction of a granite-hosted enhanced geothermal system reservoir. The results show that chemical stimulation with mud acid as a stimulant can effectively improve the permeability of fractures near the injection well, the effective penetration distance can reach more than 20 m after 5 days. The improvement of porosity and permeability was mainly caused by the dissolution of feldspar and chlorite. The permeability enhancement increased with the injection flow rate and HF concentration in the stimulant, which was weakly affected by the change in injection temperature. The method of chemical enhancement processes can provide a reference for subsequent enhanced geothermal system engineering designs.
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