Semiconductor photocatalysis has attracted considerable attention because it is a promising way to deal with the global energy scarcity and environmental degradation. Over the past few decades, ...numerous strategies have been put forward to improve the visible-light absorption and decrease the electron–hole recombination of semiconductor photocatalysts. This review mainly focuses on the recent progress in morphology and the structure design of heterostructure-based semiconductor photocatalysts. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor systems discussed mainly involves the environmental and energy application, including the degradation of pollutants, hydrogen generation and reduction of CO
2
to form hydrocarbon fuel. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for future development of photocatalysts are also addressed.
During the last two decades, there has been broad interest in RNA-based technologies for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. Preclinical and clinical trials have shown that mRNA ...vaccines provide a safe and long-lasting immune response in animal models and humans. In this review, we summarize current research progress on mRNA vaccines, which have the potential to be quick-manufactured and to become powerful tools against infectious disease and we highlight the bright future of their design and applications.
Neuroscience and translation Zhang, Cuiling
The international journal of translation and interpreting research,
07/2023, Letnik:
15, Številka:
2
Book Review, Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Review(s) of: Neuroscience and translation, by Tymoczko, M. (2021), University of Tartu Press. ISBN 9949035546.
A new fluorescent polyimide covalent organic framework (PI-COF) has been successfully synthesized through solvothermal route using tetra(4-aminophenyl) porphyrin and perylenetracarboxylic ...dianhydride, which possesses porous crystalline and excellent thermal stability (>500 °C). Furthermore, few-layered PI covalent organic nanosheets (PI-CONs) can be easily obtained from the fluorescent PI-COF through a facile liquid phase exfoliation approach, which were confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis. It is interesting that the fluorescent intensity of PI-CONs is obviously enhanced relative to that of PI-COF. The PI-CONs have been successfully utilized as an efficient fluorescent probe for the highly sensitive and selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The mechanism might be attributed to the combination of electron transfer and inner filter effect based on DFT calculations and spectral overlap data. The system exhibits a good linear response toward TNP over the range from 0.5 to 10 μM with a detection limit of 0.25 μM.
A glucose sensor based on FRET between concanavalin A (ConA)‐labeled upconverting phosphor (UCP) nanocrystals and chitosan (CS)‐labeled graphene oxide (GO) is presented. Binding of ConA to CS ...quenches the fluorescence of UCP, which is restored in the presence of glucose, owing to competition between glucose and CS for ConA (see picture).
Acute infections are associated with a set of stereotypic behavioral responses, including anorexia, lethargy, and social withdrawal. Although these so-called sickness behaviors are the most common ...and familiar symptoms of infections, their roles in host defense are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of anorexia in models of bacterial and viral infections. We found that anorexia was protective while nutritional supplementation was detrimental in bacterial sepsis. Furthermore, glucose was necessary and sufficient for these effects. In contrast, nutritional supplementation protected against mortality from influenza infection and viral sepsis, whereas blocking glucose utilization was lethal. In both bacterial and viral models, these effects were largely independent of pathogen load and magnitude of inflammation. Instead, we identify opposing metabolic requirements tied to cellular stress adaptations critical for tolerance of differential inflammatory states.
Display omitted
Display omitted
•Fasting metabolism is protective in bacterial, but not viral, inflammation•Ketone bodies limit ROS-induced neuronal damage during bacterial inflammation•Glucose utilization prevents UPR-mediated neuronal damage during viral inflammation
Starve a fever, stuff a cold: why anorexia helps the organism to tolerate bacterial infections but makes viral infections hard to endure.
Although all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) demonstrate high thermal stability, cesium‐lead halide perovskites with high iodine content suffer from poor stability of the black phase ...(α‐phase). In this study, it is demonstrated that incorporating InCl3 into the host perovskite lattice helps to inhibit the formation of yellow phase (δ‐phase) perovskite and thereby enhances the long‐term ambient stability. The enhanced stability is achieved by a strategy for the structural reconstruction of CsPbI2Br perovskite by means of In3+ and Cl− codoping, which gives rise to a significant improvement in the overall spatial symmetry with a closely packed atom arrangement due to the crystal structure transformation from orthorhombic (Pnma) to cubic (Pm‐3m). In addition, a novel thermal radiation heating method that further improves the uniformity of the perovskite thin films is presented. This approach enables the construction of all‐inorganic InCl3:CsPbI2Br PSCs with a champion power conversion efficiency of 13.74% for a small‐area device (0.09 cm2) and 11.4% for a large‐area device (1.00 cm2).
Incorporation of indium(III) chloride is directly shown to induce the structural reconstruction of CsPbI2Br perovskite at the microscopic level, which allows the stabilization of the α‐phase perovskite by means of increasing the structure tolerance factor and decreasing the grain size. Consequently, the square‐centimeter all‐inorganic InCl3:CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells yield a power conversion efficiency of 11.4% with high stability.
Acute psychological stress has long been known to decrease host fitness to inflammation in a wide variety of diseases, but how this occurs is incompletely understood. Using mouse models, we show that ...interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the dominant cytokine inducible upon acute stress alone. Stress-inducible IL-6 is produced from brown adipocytes in a beta-3-adrenergic-receptor-dependent fashion. During stress, endocrine IL-6 is the required instructive signal for mediating hyperglycemia through hepatic gluconeogenesis, which is necessary for anticipating and fueling “fight or flight” responses. This adaptation comes at the cost of enhancing mortality to a subsequent inflammatory challenge. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the ontogeny and adaptive purpose of IL-6 as a bona fide stress hormone coordinating systemic immunometabolic reprogramming. This brain-brown fat-liver axis might provide new insights into brown adipose tissue as a stress-responsive endocrine organ and mechanistic insight into targeting this axis in the treatment of inflammatory and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Display omitted
•IL-6 is the dominant endocrine cytokine induced by acute stress in mice•Stress-inducible IL-6 is produced in brown adipocytes via ADRB3 signaling•IL-6 is required for stress hyperglycemia and adaptive “fight or flight” responses•Stress-induced IL-6 decreases tolerance to a subsequent inflammatory challenge
During acute psychological stress, brown adipocytes initiate a chain of events mediated by adrenergic signaling and IL-6 release that metabolically fuels “fight or flight” adaptive responses but at the same time comes at an inflammatory cost.
BackgroundChina’s sex ratio at birth (SRB) has declined in the past decade but still exceeds the normal level. This study seeks to depict the SRB trend in the past two decades.MethodsWe depicted the ...SRB trend, including SRB by birth order, children composition, residence and hukou type, education, race and province using latest data available from multiple data sources and standardisation and decomposition methods.ResultsThe SRB remained around 120 in the first decade from 2000 to 2010, and recently declined and approached the normal level during 2010–2020. The SRB for second births and first births converged to the normal level, whereas the SRB for third and above births exceeded the normal level. The rising proportion of second births increased, whereas the decreasing proportion of first births reduced the overall SRB. Parents with only daughters are more likely to abort a female fetus in pursuit of a son, while parents with only sons are more likely to abort a male fetus in pursuit of a daughter. It also shows difference in SRB by residence, hukou type, educational attainment and race. Urban SRB was lower than rural SRB, by the residence and hukou type, but higher than rural SRB after being standardised. Provinces still exhibit differences by original categorised policy even after the implementation of the universal two-child policy.ConclusionsChina’s SRB has declined substantially during the past two decades, but the negative effects need to be tackled.
PDF
