A highly fluorescent coordination cage Zn8L4I8 has been constructed by treating enantiopure pyridyl‐functionalized metallosalalen units (L) with zinc(II) iodide and characterized by a variety of ...techniques including microanalysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. Strong intermolecular π–π, CH⋅⋅⋅π, and CH⋅⋅⋅I interactions direct packing of the cage molecules to generate a 3D polycage network interconnected by pentahedral cages formed by adjacent pentamers. The cage has an amphiphilic helical cavity decorated with chiral NH functionalities capable of interactions with guest species such as saccharides. The fluorescence of the cage was greatly enhanced by five enantiomeric saccharides in solution, with enantioselectivity factors of 2.480–4.943, and by five enantiomeric amines in the solid state, with enantioselective fluorescence enhancement ratios of 1.30–3.60. This remarkable chiral sensing of both saccharides and amines with impressive enantioselectivity may result from the steric confinement of the cavity as well as its conformational rigidity. It holds great promise for the development of novel chiral cage materials for sensing applications.
Cage‐based chiral sensor: A highly fluorescent coordination cage Zn8L4I8 can be prepared from enantiopure pyridyl‐functionalized metallosalalen units (L). The cage has an amphiphilic helical cavity decorated with chiral NH functionalities and supramolecular interactions generate a 3D polycage network interconnected by pentahedral cages formed by adjacent pentamers (see graphic). The fluorescence of the cage is greatly enhanced either in solution or in the solid state in the presence of enantiomeric saccharides or amines, respectively, with significant enantioselectivity factors.
The sixth generation (6G) mobile networks will reshape the world by offering instant, efficient, and intelligent hyper-connectivity, as envisioned by the previously proposed Ubiquitous-X 6G networks. ...Such hyper-massive and global connectivity will introduce tremendous challenges into the operation and management of 6G networks, calling for revolutionary theories and technological innovations. To this end, we propose a new route to boost network capabilities toward a wisdom-evolutionary and primitive-concise network (WePCN) vision for the Ubiquitous-X 6G network. In particular, we aim to concretize the evolution path toward the WePCN by first conceiving a new semantic representation framework, namely semantic base, and then establishing an intelligent and efficient semantic communication (IE-SC) network architecture. In the IE-SC architecture, a semantic intelligence plane is employed to interconnect the semantic-empowered physical-bearing layer, network protocol layer, and application-intent layer via semantic information flows. The proposed architecture integrates artificial intelligence and network technologies to enable intelligent interactions among various communication objects in 6G. It features a lower bandwidth requirement, less redundancy, and more accurate intent identification. We also present a brief review of recent advances in semantic communications and highlight potential use cases, complemented by a range of open challenges for 6G.
In this paper, a kind of multiple attribute group decision making problem is studied, where there is no original information about the weights of importance of the attributes and the decision makers ...(DMs), and the attribute values are given in the form of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IVIFNs). To solve this problem, a new method is proposed based on utility theory. In the proposed method, the weights of importance of the DMs and the attributes are all determined by using the intuitionistic indexes of related IVIFNs. And then, the alternatives are compared by using their composite interval indexes which are generated based on utility theory. Finally, two numerical examples are proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
As the generalization of the classical fuzzy number, the concept of Z-number introduced by Zadeh indicates more ability to depict the human knowledge and judgments of both restraint and reliability ...as an order pair of fuzzy numbers. In indeterminacy and inconsistent environment, a neutrosophic set is described by the truth, falsity, and indeterminacy degrees, but they lack measures related to reliability. To describe the hybrid information of combining the truth, falsity and indeterminacy degrees with their corresponding reliability degrees, this paper first proposes the concept of a neutrosophic Z-number (NZN) set, which is a new framework of neutrosophic values combined with the neutrosophic measures of reliability, as the generalization of the Z-number and the neutrosophic set. Then, we define the operations of neutrosophic Z-numbers (NZNs) and a score function for ranking NZNs. Next, we present NZN weighted arithmetic averaging (NZNWAA) and NZN weighted geometric averaging (NZNWGA) operators to aggregate NZN information and investigate their properties. Regarding the NZNWAA and NZNWGA operators and the score function, a multicriteria decision making (MDM) approach is developed in the NZN environment. Finally, an illustrative example about the selection problem of business partners is given to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the developed MDM approach in NZN setting.
Based on deep neural network, elliptic partial differential equations in complex regions are solved. Accurate and effective strategies and numerical methods for elliptic partial differential ...equations are proposed by implementing deep feedforward artificial neural network, appropriate loss function solving strategy are constructed. The solution of an elliptic partial differential equation is obtained by iteratively learning the parameters of a neural network. Constructing a composite multi-layer radial basis function neural network can improve the real function approximation performance and operational accuracy of the constructed multi-layer radial basis function neural network. Use this high-precision composite multi-layer radial basis function neural network to solve partial differential equations. By providing specific examples of solving partial differential equations, the effectiveness of this method is tested. An improved partial differential equation solving method based on deep neural networks (Taylor PINN) has been proposed. This method utilizes the universal approximation theorem of deep neural networks and the function fitting ability of Taylor's formula to achieve a meshless numerical solution process. The numerical experimental results on Helmholtz, Klein Gordon, and Navier Stokes equations show that Taylor PINN can well fit the mapping relationship between the coordinates of spatiotemporal points in the computational domain and the value of the desired function, which can provide accurate numerical prediction results. Compared with commonly used physical information based neural network methods, Taylor PINN improves prediction accuracy by 3-20 times for different numerical problems.
There exists the indeterminate situations of truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees due to the
uncertainty and inconsistency of decision makers’ arguments in a complicated decision making (DM) ...problem. Then, existing
neutrosophic set cannot describe the indeterminate information of truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees. It is noted that
the simplified neutrosophic set (SNS) is depicted by truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees, while a neutrosophic number
(NN) can be flexibly depicted by its determinate part and its indeterminate part. Regarding the indeterminate situations
of truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees in indeterminate DM problems, this study first presents a simplified neutrosophic
indeterminate set (SNIS) to express the hybrid information of SNS and NN and defines the score, accuracy, and certainty
functions of simplified neutrosophic indeterminate elements (SNIEs) with indeterminate ranges to compare SNIEs. Then, we
introduce a SNIE weighted arithmetic averaging (SNIEWAA) operator and a SNIE weighted geometric averaging (SNIEWGA) operator
to aggregate simplified neutrosophic indeterminate information. Next, a multi-attribute DM approach with decision makers’
indeterminate ranges is established regarding the SNIEWAA and SNIEWGA operators in SNIS setting. Finally, the proposed DM
approach is applied in a DM example on choosing a suitable slope design scheme to indicate the applicability and suitability
of the proposed approach.
In this paper, we consider a time-delayed free boundary problem with time dependent Robin boundary conditions. The special case where n = 3 is a mathematical model for the growth of a solid ...nonnecrotic tumor with angiogenesis. In the problem, both the angiogenesis and the time delay are taken into consideration. Tumor cell division takes a certain length of time, thus we assume that the proliferation process leg behind as compared to the process of apoptosis. The angiogenesis is reflected as the time dependent Robin boundary condition in the model. Global existence and uniqueness of the nonnegative solution of the problem is proved. When c > 0 is sufficiently small, the stability of the steady state solution is studied, where c is the ratio of the time scale of diffusion to the tumor doubling time scale. Under some conditions, the results show that the magnitude of the delay does not affect the final dynamic behavior of the solutions. An application of our results to a mathematical model for tumor growth of angiogenesis is given and some numerical simulations are also given.
Port throughput, as an indicator reflecting port scale, is associated with the port–city’s population base. By establishing an allometric growth model between the two, we can well verify the delicate ...relationship between port throughput and urban population. This article takes the throughput of Shanghai port and the population of Shanghai city as an example and studies the relative growth rate ratio between the two, that is, the scaling exponent b. In this example, the exponent b = 0.58 which is smaller than the theoretical value of 0.85, suggesting the improper development relationship between the two for the current phase. Shanghai urban population tends to be saturated, with the growth rate slowing down, and the contribution of urban population to port throughput decreasing. If this development trend proceeds for long, Shanghai port growth scale will be severely restricted. Apart from quantitative research on the relationship between the development rates of Shanghai port throughput and Shanghai urban population, this article also uses the Logistic model to forecast Shanghai port throughput and Shanghai urban population in the future to develop a scientific plan for Shanghai port scale so that port and city can achieve coordinated development.
To investigate the effects of panic and age composition on the evacuation efficiency of passenger ships, this study proposes an evacuation simulation method in the case of crowd panic and an ...evacuation time correction method based on an improved social force model. The innovation of this study is to propose an evacuation time correction model considering passenger panic and congestion, and to verify its effectiveness through simulation examples. Firstly, this study analyzes the three factors that affect passenger evacuation, including passenger panic, panic contagion and ship heeling. Secondly, the generalized entropy function is introduced to quantify passengers’ panic and combined with the influence of ship heeling to improve the social force model. Thirdly, this study uses traffic flow theory to study the crowding of passengers entering stairs. After that, based on the emergency evacuation path of the passenger ship, a correction model for the evacuation time of the passenger ship was established. Finally, the validity of the introduced evacuation time correction model is verified through case analysis and simulation. The results show that: in this case, the theoretical evacuation time of passengers to the safe area is 1010 s, and the simulated evacuation time is 1087 s, both of which meet the evacuation time requirements of MSC.1/Circ.1533. The application value of the above research is further verified.
In this research, we have proposed and investigated a time-delayed free boundary problem concerning tumor growth in the presence of almost periodic nutrient supply with angiogenesis. This study ...primarily focused on examining the impact of almost periodic nutrient supply, angiogenesis, and time delay on tumor growth dynamics. We analyzed the existence, uniqueness, and exponential stability of almost periodic solutions. Furthermore, we established conditions for the disappearance of almost periodic oscillations in tumors. The existence and uniqueness of almost periodic solutions were proven, while sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of the unique solution were established. Finally, computer simulations were employed to illustrate our results.
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