Polymeric micelle systems for drug delivery, monitor and chemotherapy have gained significant attention, and reductive polymeric micelle systems have become particularly attractive due to their ...controlled release behavior without additional assistance. However, there are challenges in accurately controlling drug and probe release from the nanoparticles and determining the loading content of drug and probe. To address these issues, we have developed a reduction-responsive Pt(IV) prodrug-based polymeric delivery system that can be dynamically monitored using aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIE) based bioprobes. These polymeric micelle can self-assemble into nanoparticles and release both bio-active Pt(II) drug and bio-probe upon reduction activation. TPE molecules released in the inner endo/lysosomal microenvironment aggregate and fluoresce upon irradiation, thus allowing real-time tracking of drug biodistribution without additional contrast agents. Advantages of this system include position-specific chemical bond cleavage, control of platinum content, and monitoring of drug reduction and biodistribution.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study used the two-step floating catchment area method and potential model to calculate facility accessibility and potential service scope of public health infrastructure distribution, and to ...evaluate its spatial equity. We applied the Gini coefficient to measure the spatial equilibrium at each level of public health infrastructure in Doumen District, Guangdong, China, from different perspectives. The following results were obtained: (1) Significant spatial differences were observed in the accessibility of public health facilities among different levels; the higher the health facility level, the greater the difference in spatial accessibility. Spatial differences in the accessibility of public health infrastructure at the primary level and higher were distributed in a block-like pattern, while spatial differences in the accessibility of rural health stations were distributed in a circular pattern. Administrative villages tended to have the highest and lowest accessibility of tertiary and secondary hospitals, but not of primary hospitals and rural health stations. The frequencies for administrative villages with the highest and lowest accessibility were 32.8% and 49.6% of the total number of villages in the district, respectively, for tertiary hospitals; 39.2% and 48.8% for secondary hospitals; 19.2% and 24.8% for primary hospitals; 16.8% and 21.6% for rural health stations. (2) The potential service scope was spatially dissociative for tertiary hospitals, and differed more significantly in terms of space for secondary hospitals; the potential service scope of the two overlapped. The potential service scope of primary hospitals was relatively balanced, with strong spatial continuity, while that of rural health service centers was spatially fragmented. The service scope of rural health service centers was mostly consistent with their respective village-level administrative divisions. (3) The higher the level of public health infrastructure, the less balanced its spatial layout. Conversely, the lower the level of public health infrastructure, the more balanced its spatial layout.
•Design of MEMS heart sound sensor based on bionics.•An acoustic packaging method of bionic MEMS heart sound sensor based on acoustic impedance matching.•A bionic MEMS heart sound sensor with high ...sensitivity, wide working bandwidth and linearity.
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Based on the sound pickup mechanism of the three-dimensional ciliary bundle structure of human ear hair cells, this paper proposed a bionic MEMS heart sound sensor. First, the acoustic sensing principle of the bionic microstructure is analyzed and optimized by theoretical analysis and finite element simulation methods. Then the prepared sensor was acoustically encapsulated and experimentally tested. Finally, the dynamic periodic characteristics of the measured heart sound signal were obtained through data analysis, and the validity of the measured heart sound signal was verified. The results show that the optimized bionic MEMS heart sound sensor features high sensitivity, wide working bandwidth, good low frequency characteristics and small size, and can effectively suppress the interference of environmental noise on the sensor. The sensitivity of the sensor reaches − 189.5 dB@500 Hz, the working bandwidth is 10–800 Hz, and the signal-to-noise ratio is 29.08 dB. The sensor can be applied to the field of heart sound auscultation, and is of great significance for the effective acquisition of heart sound signals and the non-destructive diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
Aroma, berry firmness and berry shape are three main quality traits in table grape production, and also the important target traits in grapevine breeding. However, the information about their genetic ...mechanisms is limited, which results in low accuracy and efficiency of quality breeding in grapevine. Mapping and isolation of quantitative trait locus (QTLs) based on the construction of genetic linkage map is a powerful approach to decipher the genetic determinants of complex quantitative traits.
In the present work, a final integrated map consisting of 3411 SLAF markers on 19 linkage groups (LGs) with an average distance of 0.98 cM between adjacent markers was generated using the specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technique. A total of 9 significant stable QTLs for Muscat flavor, berry firmness and berry shape were identified on two linkage groups among the hybrids analyzed over three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018. Notably, new stable QTLs for berry firmness and berry shape were found on LG 8 respectively for the first time. Based on biological function and expression profiles of candidate genes in the major QTL regions, 3 genes (VIT_08s0007g00440, VIT_08s0040g02740 and VIT_08s0040g02350) related to berry firmness and 3 genes (VIT_08s0032g01110, VIT_08s0032g01150 and VIT_08s0105g00200) linked to berry shape were highlighted. Overexpression of VIT_08s0032g01110 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants caused the change of pod shape.
A new high-density genetic map with total 3411 markers was constructed with SLAF-seq technique, and thus enabled the detection of narrow interval QTLs for relevant traits in grapevine. VIT_08s0007g00440, VIT_08s0040g02740 and VIT_08s0040g02350 were found to be related to berry firmness, while VIT_08s0032g01110, VIT_08s0032g01150 and VIT_08s0105g00200 were linked to berry shape.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•The sulcal cortex (BA2 and BA3) of human primary somatosensory cortex (S1) was studied by direct electrical stimulation.•The general medial-to-lateral sequence of body representations within the ...entire S1 was identical to the Penfield homunculus.•Several previously unreported somatosensory responses elicited from the sulcal cortex were delineated in this study.
The classical homunculus of the human primary somatosensory cortex (S1) established by Penfield has mainly portrayed the functional organization of convexial cortex, namely Brodmann area (BA) 1. However, little is known about the functions in fissural cortex including BA2 and BA3. We aim at drawing a refined and detailed somatosensory homunculus of the entire S1.
We recruited 20 patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who underwent stereo-electroencephalography for preoperative assessments. Direct electrical stimulation was performed for functional mapping. Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates of the stimulation sites lying in S1 were acquired.
Stimulation of 177 sites in S1 yielded 149 positive sites (84%), most of which were located in the sulcal cortex. The spatial distribution of different body-part representations across the S1 surface revealed that the gross medial-to-lateral sequence of body representations within the entire S1 was consistent with the classical “homunculus”. And we identified several unreported body-part representations from the sulcal cortex, such as forehead, deep elbow and wrist joints, and some dorsal body regions.
Our results reveal general somatotopical characteristics of the entire S1 cortex and differences with the previous works of Penfield.
The classical S1 homunculus was extended by providing further refinement and additional detail.
The vigorous development of information and communications technology has accelerated reshaping of the financial industry. The COVID-19 pandemic has further catalyzed the demand for digital financial ...services. Digital financial inclusion relies on information technology to overcome spatial limitations. In this case, the research question is whether it adheres to the spatial laws governing conventional financial activities. This study uses exploratory spatial data analysis and a geographical detector to elucidate the spatiotemporal characteristics and factors influencing digital financial inclusion at the county level in China (Data don’t include that of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan of China) from 2014 to 2020. The research findings indicate: first, China’s county-level digital financial inclusion is generally increasing and exhibits significant spatial autocorrelation. Second, population density, level of traditional financial development, government regulation, and education level are key determinants of China’s county-level digital financial inclusion. Third, policies should be differentiated by region to narrow the spatial gap in digital financial inclusion. The results provide a reference for other developing countries on using digital technology to develop financial inclusion.
Polymer blends comprising polypropylene, Nylon 6, and a compatibilizer were extruded and biaxially stretched. The as-extruded films with various compositions were characterized in terms of ...morphology, crystallization behavior, optical transparency, and oxygen barrier property. The blend films with all five compositions presented matrix-dispersed morphology with polypropylene as the continuous phase when the Nylon 6 composition is less than 55 w.t. %. The morphology was reversed when Nylon 6 composition increased to 65 w.t. %. As-extruded films exhibited high optical transparency and good oxygen barrier properties. The blend films were then biaxially, sequentially drawn at 155 °C to draw ratio of 2.5 by 2.5. Stretching of one of the blend films containing 30% polypropylene, 55% Nylon 6, and 15% compatibilizer produced a microporous membrane with through-pore structure. The pore size of such membrane was around 100 nm with a porosity of 52%. Formation of through-pore structure was sensitive to both the composition and the process where blends with less Nylon 6 concentration or lower draw ratio would not yield through-pore structure. The generation of through pores were attributed to cavitation of polypropylene on the polypropylene-Nylon 6 interface.
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Laser induced plasma micro-machining (LIPMM) has proved its superiority in micro-machining of hard and brittle materials due to less thermal defects, smaller heat affected zone and ...larger aspect ratio compared to conventional laser ablation.
In order to improve characteristics and stability of induced plasma, this paper proposed magnetically controlled LIPMM (MC-LIPMM) to achieve a good performance of processing single-crystal silicon which is widely used in solid state electronics and infrared optical applications.
A comprehensive study on surface integrity and geometrical shape was conducted based on the experimental method. Firstly, the mechanism of MC-LIPMM including laser-plasma, laser-materials interactions and transport effects was theoretically analyzed. Then a series of experiments was conducted to completely investigate the effect of magnetic field intensity, pulse repetition frequency, and bubble behavior on surface integrity and geometrical shape of micro channels.
It revealed that magnetic field contributed to maximum reduction of 12.64% for heat affected zone and 62.57% for width while maximum increase of 26.23% for depth and 90.26% for aspect ratio.
This research confirms that MC-LIPMM can improve the machining characteristics of silicon materials and cavitation bubbles shows an apparently negative impact on the surface morphology.
This paper develops an integrated model of statistical process control and maintenance decision. The proposal of delayed monitoring policy postpones the sampling process till a scheduled time and ...contributes to ten-scenarios of the production process, where equipment failure may occur besides quality shift. The equipment failure and the control chart alert trigger the corrective maintenance and the predictive maintenance, respectively. The occurrence probability, the cycle time and the cycle cost of each scenario are obtained by integral calculation; therefore, a mathematical model is established to minimize the expected cost by using the genetic algorithm. A Monte Carlo simulation experiment is conducted and compared with the integral calculation in order to ensure the analysis of the ten-scenario model. Another ordinary integrated model without delayed monitoring is also established as comparison. The results of a numerical example indicate satisfactory economic performance of the proposed model. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the effect of model parameters.
•We develop an integrated model of statistical process control and maintenance.•We propose delayed monitoring policy and derive an economic model with 10 scenarios.•We consider two deterioration mechanisms, quality shift and equipment failure.•The delayed monitoring policy will help reduce the expected cost.
With the development of aerospace, military, medical, and 3C industries, the design of aspherical optical component has attracted more and more attention. As a substitute for the traditional ...manufacturing process for glass materials, the glass molding process (GMP) has the advantages of high forming accuracy, short production cycle, low cost, and non-pollution. This paper presents an overview of recent progresses of theory and technology in the glass molding process. The existing theoretical models (stress relaxation and structural relaxation) of glass material in GMP are introduced, and the most recent applications of these theoretical models are discussed. In addition, the latest advancements in theory of applying both high-frequency microwave and ultrasound-assisted techniques in GMP are detailed. Moreover, the implementations of both apparatus (heating source, ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device, molds, and measurement and controller) and whole machine of GMP are compared in detail. Lastly, the reasonable ranges and change rules of molding conditions, such as molding temperature, molding pressure, and holding time, are reviewed, and effects of GMP on performances (temperature distribution, stress, curve deviation) are discussed.
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