This research aims to examine how consumer benefits stated in the project title and the number of rewards in the crowdfunding context interactively impact the number of backers and funding success ...for technological innovations. The authors collected data of 674 technological projects from kickstarter.com. Data collection was completed at two points of time, Time 1 (projects were still active) and Time 2 (funding periods were over). Findings between them were highly consistent. Two coding assignments were used. First, two independent raters assessed consumer benefits claimed in the project title; second, the research team coded the number of reward levels in each crowdfunding project and the number of rewards included in each reward level. In total, 134,492 rewards across 4509 reward levels were recorded. The authors find that the number of backers increases the likelihood of funding success. Additionally, consumer benefits increase the number of backers. The average number of rewards affects the number of backers in an inverted-U shape, and it also moderates the relationship between consumer benefits and the number of backers in an inverted-U shape.
•The number of backers increases the likelihood of crowdfunding success.•Consumer benefits stated in the project title increase the number of backers.•The average number of rewards affects the number of backers in an inverted-U shape.•The effect of consumer benefits is moderated by rewards in an inverted-U shape.
On‐chip light amplification with integrated optical waveguide fabricated on erbium‐doped thin‐film lithium niobate on insulator (TFLNOI) is demonstrated using the photolithography‐assisted ...chemomechanical etching (PLACE) technique. A maximum internal net gain of 18 dB in the small‐signal‐gain regime is measured at the peak emission wavelength of 1530 nm for a waveguide length of 3.6 cm, indicating a differential gain per unit length of 5 dB cm−1. This work paves the way to the monolithic integration of diverse active and passive photonic components on the TFLNOI platform.
On‐chip light amplification with integrated optical waveguide fabricated on erbium‐doped thin‐film lithium niobate on insulator (TFLNOI) is demonstrated using the photolithography‐assisted chemomechanical etching (PLACE) technique. A maximum internal net gain of 18 dB is measured on a waveguide length of 3.6 cm, indicating a differential gain per unit length of 5 dB cm−1.
In general, remote sensing images depict intricate scenes. In cross-modal retrieval tasks involving remote sensing images, the accompanying text includes numerus information with an emphasis on ...mainly large objects due to higher attention, and the features from small targets are often omitted naturally. While the conventional vision transformer (ViT) method adeptly captures information regarding large global targets, its capability to extract features of small targets is limited. This limitation stems from the constrained receptive field in ViT’s self-attention layer, which hinders the extraction of information pertaining to small targets due to interference from large targets. To address this concern, this study introduces a patch classification framework based on feature similarity, which establishes distinct receptive fields in the feature space to mitigate interference from large targets on small ones, thereby enhancing the ability of traditional ViT to extract features from small targets. We conducted evaluation experiments on two popular datasets—the Remote Sensing Image–Text Match Dataset (RSITMD) and the Remote Sensing Image Captioning Dataset (RSICD)—resulting in mR indices of 35.6% and 19.47%, respectively. The proposed approach contributes to improving the detection accuracy of small targets and can be applied to more complex image–text retrieval tasks involving multi-scale ground objects.
Negative online product reviews generated by current users can influence potential adopters' new product evaluation and set up diffusion barriers. Integrating the social functions of emotion theory ...with the innovation diffusion context, this research proposes that the emotional intensity expressed in angry online reviews influences potential adopters' new product evaluation through two competitive routes (i.e., in an opposite direction): perceived problem seriousness in the review and perceived rationality of the reviewer, thus establishing two simultaneous mediations in the conceptual framework. Furthermore, this research suggests that the two mediations are moderated by product innovativeness. This investigation was completed in three experiments with consumers recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Study 1 manipulated anger intensity in two levels expressed in a single negative review, using a smartphone as the reviewed new product. Study 2 employed a multi‐review setting, including negative, neutral, and positive reviews, using an E‐reader as the reviewed new product. The multi‐review setting was also adopted in Study 3, where three levels of anger were manipulated. Three studies adopted an incrementally versus really new product version to manipulate innovativeness. Combined findings of the three studies support the proposed dual mediation processes. In addition, results show that the mediation effect of problem seriousness in the review is stronger for a really new product than an incrementally new product. This research extends the underpinning of innovation diffusion literature and provides managerial implications for new product launch management. First, it identifies that anger intensity expressed in a new product review socially influences a potential adopter's concurrent appraisals of the reviewed product and the reviewer. The two appraisal routes mediate the impact of anger intensity on new product evaluation in opposite directions. Second, the research explores and identifies which mediation route is more influential on new product evaluation when product innovativeness varies.
Due to the swift growth in the scale of remote sensing imagery, scholars have progressively directed their attention towards achieving efficient and adaptable cross-modal retrieval for remote sensing ...images. They have also steadily tackled the distinctive challenge posed by the multi-scale attributes of these images. However, existing studies primarily concentrate on the characterization of these features, neglecting the comprehensive investigation of the complex relationship between multi-scale targets and the semantic alignment of these targets with text. To address this issue, this study introduces a fine-grained semantic alignment method that adequately aggregates multi-scale information (referred to as FAAMI). The proposed approach comprises multiple stages. Initially, we employ a computing-friendly cross-layer feature connection method to construct a multi-scale feature representation of an image. Subsequently, we devise an efficient feature consistency enhancement module to rectify the incongruous semantic discrimination observed in cross-layer features. Finally, a shallow cross-attention network is employed to capture the fine-grained semantic relationship between multiple-scale image regions and the corresponding words in the text. Extensive experiments were conducted using two datasets: RSICD and RSITMD. The results demonstrate that the performance of FAAMI surpasses that of recently proposed advanced models in the same domain, with significant improvements observed in R@K and other evaluation metrics. Specifically, the mR values achieved by FAAMI are 23.18% and 35.99% for the two datasets, respectively.
In this paper, a new stochastic plant disease model with continuous control strategy is proposed and analyzed. The dynamics of the system are explored under white noise disturbance. We prove that if ...R1>1, then the disease is persistent; moreover, if R2>1, then the solutions of the system have a stationary distribution. For the special case, we prove that if R1<1, then the disease will eventually disappear. Finally, some numerical simulations were implemented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Microresonators of ultrahigh quality (Q) factors represent a crucial type of photonic devices aiming at ultra-high spectral resolution, ultra-high sensitivity to the environmental perturbations, and ...efficient nonlinear wavelength conversions at low threshold pump powers. Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) microdisks of high Q factors are particularly attractive due to its large second-order nonlinear coefficient and strong electro-optic property. In this letter, we break through the long standing bottleneck in achieving the Q factors of LNOI microresonators beyond 108, which approaches the intrinsic material absorption limit of lithium niobate (LN). The ultra-high Q factors give rise to a rich family of nonlinear optical phenomena from optical parametric oscillation (OPO) to harmonics generation with unprecedented characteristics including ultra-low pump threshold, high wavelength conversion efficiency, and ultra-broad operation bandwidth. Specifically, the threshold of OPO is measured to be only 19.6 μW, and the absolute conversion efficiency observed in the second harmonic generation reaches 23%. The record-breaking performances of the on-chip ultra-high Q LNOI microresonators will have profound implication for both photonic research and industry.
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•A nationwide Medicare cohort study was conducted across the contiguous U.S.•Associations were examined using co-pollutant models and at low pollution levels.•Potential effect ...modifications by race/ethnicity and comorbidities were assessed.•Air pollution is found associated with incidence of CVD even at low concentration.•People who identify as Black or have diabetes are more susceptible to air pollution.
Numerous studies have linked air pollution with cardiovascular diseases. Fewer studies examined the associations at low concentration levels or assessed potential modifiers. Some investigations only examined hospitalizations, which can miss incident cases. This study aims to address these gaps through a nationwide cohort study of Medicare enrollees.
Our study cohort comprise all Medicare enrollees (≥65 years old) continuously enrolled in the fee-for-service program and both Medicare part A and B across the contiguous U.S. from 2000 to 2016. We examined the associations of population-weighted ZIP code-level annual average PM2.5, NO2, and warm-season O3 (May-October), with the first diagnoses of atrial fibrillation (AF), congestive heart failure (CHF), and stroke. We fit multi-pollutant Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for individual demographic characteristics and area-level covariates. We further examined these associations at low pollutant concentration levels and the potential effect modifications by race/ethnicity and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia).
Elevated PM2.5 and NO2 levels were associated with increased incidence of AF, CHF, and stroke. For each 1 μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5, hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.0059 (95%CI: 1.0054-1.0064), 1.0260 (95%CI: 1.0256-1.0264), and 1.0279 (95%CI: 1.0274-1.0284), respectively. For each1 ppb increase in annual NO2, HRs are 1.0057 (95%CI: 1.0056-1.0059), 1.0112 (95%CI: 1.0110-1.0113), and 1.0095 (95%CI: 1.0093-1.0096), respectively. For warm-season O3, each 1 ppb increase was associated with increased incidence of CHF (HR=1.0035, 95%CI: 1.0033–1.0037) and stroke (HR=1.0026, 95%CI: 1.0023–1.0028). Larger magnitudes of HRs were observed when restricted to pollutants levels lower than NAAQS standards. Generally higher risks were observed for Black people and diabetics.
Long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and warm-season O3 were associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, even at low pollutant concentration levels. Black people and people with diabetes were found to be vulnerable populations.
In this paper, a stochastic microbial flocculation model with regime switching is developed and analyzed. By proposing a suitable stochastic Lyapunov function, the existence and ergodicity of a ...stationary distribution for the system are proved. Then, the extinction of microorganisms is discussed under appropriate conditions and sufficient conditions for extinction are obtained. Finally, the results of the theoretical analysis are illustrated by numerical simulation.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in remote sensing image–text cross-modal retrieval due to the rapid development of space information technology and the significant increase in the ...volume of remote sensing image data. Remote sensing images have unique characteristics that make the cross-modal retrieval task challenging. Firstly, the semantics of remote sensing images are fine-grained, meaning they can be divided into multiple basic units of semantic expression. Different combinations of basic units of semantic expression can generate diverse text descriptions. Additionally, these images exhibit variations in resolution, color, and perspective. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-task guided fusion encoder (MTGFE) based on the multimodal fusion encoding method, the progressiveness of which has been proved in the cross-modal retrieval of natural images. By jointly training the model with three tasks: image–text matching (ITM), masked language modeling (MLM), and the newly introduced multi-view joint representations contrast (MVJRC), we enhance its capability to capture fine-grained correlations between remote sensing images and texts. Specifically, the MVJRC task is designed to improve the model’s consistency in joint representation expression and fine-grained correlation, particularly for remote sensing images with significant differences in resolution, color, and angle. Furthermore, to address the computational complexity associated with large-scale fusion models and improve retrieval efficiency, this paper proposes a retrieval filtering method, which achieves higher retrieval efficiency while minimizing accuracy loss. Extensive experiments were conducted on four public datasets to evaluate the proposed method, and the results validate its effectiveness.
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