Abstract
The ocean temperature response to tropical cyclones (TCs) is important for TC development, local air–sea interactions, and the global air–sea heat budget and transport. The modulation of the ...upper ocean vertical temperature structure after a fast-moving TC was studied at the observation stations in the northern South China Sea, including TCs Kalmaegi (2014), Rammasun (2014), Sarika (2016), and Haima (2016). The upper ocean temperature and heat response to the TCs mainly depended on the combined effect of mixing and vertical advection. Mixing cooled the sea surface and warmed the subsurface, while upwelling (downwelling) reduced (increased) the subsurface warm anomaly and cooled (warmed) the deeper ocean. An ideal parameterization that depends on only the nondimensional mixing depth (
H
E
), nondimensional transition layer thickness (
H
T
), and nondimensional upwelling depth (
H
U
) was able to roughly reproduce sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean heat change. After TCs, the subsurface heat anomalies moved into the deeper ocean. The air–sea surface heat flux contributed little to the upper ocean temperature anomaly during the TC forcing stage and did not recover the surface ocean back to pre-TC conditions more than one and a half months after the TC. This work shows how upper ocean temperature and heat content varies by a TC, indicating that TC-induced mixing modulates the warm surface water into the subsurface, and TC-induced advection further modulates the warm water into the deeper ocean and influences the ocean heat budget.
Significance Statement
Tropical cyclones can cause a strong ocean response that modulates the upper ocean temperature structure and contributes to the local heat budget and transport. This manuscript shows how mixing and vertical advection modulate upper ocean temperature after four fast-moving tropical cyclones, and then gives a parameterization of how sea surface temperature and upper ocean heat change depend on the two mechanisms. The temperature anomalies can propagate into deeper ocean after the tropical cyclones, and sea surface heat flux is not important for upper ocean temperature response during a tropical cyclone. These results show how the upper ocean temperature responses to a tropical cyclone, and influences the local heat budget.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Inkjet-printing was used to prepare a flexible and transparent humidity sensor with a Ti3C2/Ag hybrid as the humidity-sensitive film and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as the adhesive ...layer. The sensor demonstrates an ultrahigh sensitivity (106 800%), a rapid response (80 ms), and excellent bending resistance. We demonstrate that an array of sensors can track moving fingers in a non-contact way and map the distance of the fingers away from the sensor surface. Therefore, our humidity sensors have great potential for novel human–machine interfacing such as touchless control of electronics and collision control between robots and humans in a cobot setting.
We report on the generation of large energy, widely wavelength tunable pulses in an erbium-doped fiber laser passively Q-switched by a topological insulator saturable absorber (TI-SA). The TI-SA is ...prepared through an optical deposition method. Its saturating intensity and modulation depth are measured to be about 57 MW/cm 2 and 22%, respectively. We show that the high modulation depth of TI-SA allows the generation of stable Q-switched pulses with per-pulse energy up to 1.5 μJ and its broadband saturable absorption favors the tunable Q-switching operation from 1510.9 nm to 1589.1 nm. Our study suggests that TI: Bi 2 Te 3 could be a promising saturable absorber for both the high energy and broadband optical applications.
3D ABX3 organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) semiconductors like CH3NH3PbI3 have received great attention because of their various properties for wide applications. However, although a number ...of low‐dimensional lead‐based OIHP ferroelectric semiconductors have been documented, obtaining 3D ABX3 OIHP ferroelectric semiconductors is challenging. Herein, an A‐site cation CH3PH3+ (methylphosphonium, MP) is employed to successfully obtain a lead‐free 3D ABX3 OIHP ferroelectric semiconductor MPSnBr3, which shows clear above‐room‐temperature ferroelectricity and a direct bandgap of 2.62 eV. It is emphasized that MPSnBr3 is a multiaxial molecular ferroelectric with the number of ferroelectric polar axes being as many as 12, which is far more than those of the other OIHP ferroelectric semiconductors and even the classical inorganic perovskite ferroelectric semiconductors BiFeO3 (4 polar axes) and BaTiO3 (3 polar axes). MPSnBr3 is the first MP‐based 3D ABX3 OIHP ferroelectric semiconductor. This finding throws light on the exploration of other excellent 3D ABX3 OIHP ferroelectric semiconductors with great application prospects.
MPSnBr3 (MP = methylphosphonium) is the first MP‐based 3D ABX3 hybrid perovskite ferroelectric semiconductor. MPSnBr3 is lead‐free and shows clear ferroelectricity with the number of ferroelectric polar axes up to 12, much more than that of other hybrid perovskite ferroelectric semiconductors. MPSnBr3 also exhibits a direct bandgap of 2.62 eV.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically aggressive and heterogenous disease. Although most patients can be cured by immunochemotherapy, 30% to 40% patient will ultimately develop ...relapsed or refractory disease. Here, we investigated the molecular landscapes of patients with diverse responses to R‐CHOP. We performed capture‐based targeted sequencing on baseline samples of 105 DLBCL patients using a panel consisting of 112 lymphoma‐related genes. Subsequently, 81 treatment‐naïve patients with measurable disease and followed for over 1 year were included for survival analysis. Collectively, the most commonly seen mutations included IGH fusion (69%), PIM1(33%), MYD88 (29%), BCL2 (29%), TP53 (29%), CD79B (25%) and KMT2D (24%). Patients with TP53 mutations were more likely to have primary refractory disease (87.0% vs 50.0%, P = .009). For those with TP53 disruptive mutations, 91.7% patients were in the primary refractory group. Interestingly, BCL‐2 somatic hypermutation was only seen in patients without primary refractory disease (P = .014). In multivariate analysis, BCL‐2 amplification (hazard ratio HR = 2.94, P = .022), B2M mutation (HR = 2.99, P = .017) and TP53 mutation (HR = 3.19, P < .001) were independently associated with shorter time to progression (TTP). Furthermore, TP53 mutations was correlated with worse overall survival (P = .049). Next, we investigated mutation landscape in patients with wild‐type (WT) TP53 (n = 58) and found that patients harboring MYD88 L265P had significantly inferior TTP than those with WT or non‐265P (P = .046). Our study reveals the mutation spectrum of treatment‐naive Chinese DLBCL patients. It also confirms the clinical significance of TP53 mutations and indicates the prognostic value of MYD88 L265P in TP53 WT patients.
What's new?
A significant percentage of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients will develop relapse or refractory disease from immunochemotherapy. In this study, the authors surveyed the molecular landscape of patients with diverse responses to the standard immunochemotherapy regimen, R‐CHOP. The findings demonstrated the clinical significance of TP53 mutation, BCL‐2 amplification, and B2M mutation. This study also revealed the prognostic potential of MYD88 L265P in wt TP53 patients, suggesting that the mutation could be used as a biomarker to stratify DLBCL patients. The new genomic framework contributes to elucidating the molecular attributes that may affect response to R‐CHOP treatment in DLBCL patients.
In order to solve the simple assembly line balancing problem of type 1, an improved immune algorithm is proposed. Compared with the basic immune algorithm: (1) The similarity formula between any two ...antibodies is simplified in the improved immune algorithm. (2) Introducing immune adjustment, vaccine extraction, vaccination, and immune selection, the improved immune algorithm prevents population degradation. The validity of the proposed improved immune algorithm is tested by means of two computational examples with reference instances, and the results show that the proposed improved immune algorithm is an efficient approach to solve the simple assembly line balancing problem of type 1.
2D phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene, as a fast‐growing family of 2D monoelemental materials, have attracted enormous interest in the scientific community owing to their intriguing ...structures and extraordinary electronic properties. Tuning the monoelemental crystals into bielemental ones between group‐VA elements is able to preserve their advantages of unique structures, modulate their properties, and further expand their multifunctional applications. Herein, a review of the historical work is provided for both theoretical predictions and experimental advances of 2D V‐V binary materials. Their various intriguing electronic properties are discussed, including band structure, carrier mobility, Rashba effect, and topological state. An emphasis is also given to their progress in fabricated approaches and potential applications. Finally, a detailed presentation on the opportunities and challenges in the future development of 2D V‐V binary materials is given.
2D V‐V binary materials, as the internal combination of group‐VA elements (N, P, As, Sb, Bi), have become a popular research topic. Through the interaction among charge, orbital, lattice, and spin degrees of freedom, the favorable and superior properties in 2D V‐V binary materials can be further modulated, extending their application in novel electronic, optoelectronic, and energy devices.
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