•Chronic stress as an independent risk for the development of atherosclerosis.•Chronic stress, autophagy and atherosclerosis are closely related.•Chronic stress lead to autophagy dysregulation maybe ...play a key role in atherosclerosis.•Delve into the new idea may provide new strategies for atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis, a complex multifactorial disease, is the leading cause of acute cardiovascular events. Substantial evidence confirms that chronic stress plays a pivot role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Autophagy serves as a safeguard mechanism for sustaining cellular homeostasis via eliminating unnecessary or/and harmful components, and damaged organelles in response to various stress. An increasing number of studies indicate that autophagy plays vital roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, understanding the role of chronic stress in the regulation of autophagy may provide new insight into prevention and treatment atherosclerotic disease, especially with respect to emerging targeted therapy. In present review, we focus on changes in autophagic function under chronic stress and its relationship to atherosclerosis.
A series of mononuclear lanthanide Zn-Dy-Zn type single-molecule magnets (SMMs) were synthesized and magnetically characterized. The four molecules (Zn
(L
)
DyCl
·2H
O (
), Zn
(L
)
Dy(MeOH)Br
·3H
O (
...), Zn
(L
)
Dy(H
O)Br
·ZnBr
(
) and Zn
(L
)
DyCl
·2H
O (
)) all display remarkable magnetic relaxation behavior with a relatively high energy barrier and hysteresis temperature, despite possessing a low local geometry symmetry of the center Dy(iii) ions.
studies revealed that the symmetry of the charge distribution around the Dy(iii) ion is the key factor to determine the relaxation of the SMMs. The four complexes orient their magnetic easy axes along the negative charge-dense direction of the first coordination sphere. The entire molecular magnetic anisotropy was therefore controlled by a single substituent atom in the hard plane which consists of five coordination atoms (perpendicular to the easy axis), and the lower charge distribution on this hard plane in combination with the nearly coplanarity of the five coordination atoms ultimately lead to the prominent magnetic slow relaxation. This offers an efficient and rational method to improve the dynamic magnetic relaxation of the mononuclear lanthanide SMMs that usually possess a low local geometry symmetry around the lanthanide(iii) center.
For supported graphene, reliable differentiation and clear visualization of distinct graphene layers and fine features such as wrinkles are essential for revealing the structure–property ...relationships for graphene and graphene‐based devices. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been frequently used for this purpose where high‐quality image contrast is critical. However, it is surprising that the effect of key imaging parameters on the image contrast has been seriously undermined by the graphene community. Here, superior image contrast of secondary electron (SE) images for few‐layer graphene supported on SiC and SiO2/Si is realized through simultaneously tuning two key parameters—acceleration voltage (Vacc) and working distance (WD). The overlooked role of WD in characterizing graphene is highlighted and clearly demonstrated. A unified model of Vacc and WD dependence of three types of SE collected by the standard side‐attached Everhart‐Thornley (E‐T) SE detector is conceptually developed for mechanistically understanding the improved mass thickness contrast for supported few‐layer graphene. The findings reported here will have important implications for effective characterizations of atomically thick 2D materials and devices.
The feasibility of realization of markedly improved scanning electron microscopy image contrast (four times) is demonstrated for epitaxial graphene grown on SiC substrates, and graphene transferred onto SiO2/Si substrates, by simply tuning acceleration voltage and particularly working distance with a standard side‐attached Everhart‐Thornley secondary electron detector. This work fulfills the goal of accurate and fast characterization of graphene and other 2D materials.
Angiopteris nodosipetiolata Ting Wang tris, H.F.Chen & Y.H.Yan, a new fern of Marattiaceae, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, A. nodosipetiolata is similar to A. chingii with more than ...one naked pulvinus on the stipe and numerous jointed hairs on the undersides of the mature pinnae. However, the pinnae of A. nodosipetiolata are lanceolate and can reach up to 4–6 pairs, whereas they are elliptic and occur in 2–3 pairs in A. chingii . Phylogenetic and genetic distance analysis, based on the plastid genomes, also indicates that A. nodosipetiolata is not closely related to A. chingii . Currently, there are ca. 500 mature individuals in Gulinqing Nature Reserve and we suggest A. nodosipetiolata should be categorised as an Endangered (EN) species according to the criteria of IUCN.
The next generation of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing systems will emphasize on high-resolution and wide-coverage imaging. For these design goals, digital beamforming (DBF) ...in elevation is a promising candidate. DBF-SAR can provide global monitoring capacity for the continuous observation of a highly dynamic and rapidly changing world with high spatial resolution and short repeat intervals. A spaceborne experiment regarding a real complex scene and real spaceborne wave propagation channel effects remains a necessary step to complete the experimental verification of this advanced technique. Fortunately, the spaceborne-stationary bistatic configuration offers a potential chance to validate the advanced technique. The aforementioned experiment can be considered as a test bed for the development and implementation of DBF radar techniques applicable to Earth observation science and planetary measurements. The DBF experiment based on spaceborne-stationary bistatic configuration with TerraSAR-X as an illuminator has been successfully conducted in June 2013 by the Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Background: Trihelix transcription factors play important roles in light-regulated responses and other developmental processes. However, their functions in abiotic stress response are largely ...unclear. In this study, we identified two trihelix transcription factor genes GmGT-2A and GmGT-2B from soybean and further characterized their roles in abiotic stress tolerance. Findings: Both genes can be induced by various abiotic stresses, and the encoded proteins were localized in nuclear region. In yeast assay, GmGT-2B but not GmGT-2A exhibits ability of transcriptional activation and dimerization. The N-terminal peptide of 153 residues in GmGT-2B was the minimal activation domain and the middle region between the two trihelices mediated the dimerization of the GmGT-2B. Transactivation activity of the GmGT-2B was also confirmed in plant cells. DNA binding analysis using yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that GmGT-2A could bind to GT-1bx, GT-2bx, mGT-2bx-2 and D1 whereas GmGT-2B could bind to the latter three elements. Overexpression of the GmGT-2A and GmGT-2B improved plant tolerance to salt, freezing and drought stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Moreover, GmGT-2B-transgenic plants had more green seedlings compared to Col-0 under ABA treatment. Many stress-responsive genes were altered in GmGT-2A- and GmGT-2B-transgenic plants. Conclusion:These results indicate that GmGT-2A and GmGT-2B confer stress tolerance through regulation of a common set of genes and specific sets of genes. GmGT-2B also affects ABA sensitivity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper addresses some important aspects for the spaceborne/stationary bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (SS-BiSAR) imaging with the transmitter, TerraSAR-X, operated in staring spotlight ...(ST) mode. With the large integration time reaching 7.5 s and the azimuth steering span reaching ± 2.2°, several significant effects occur, including troposphere delay, precision phase and time synchronization, the curved orbit effect, azimuth spectrum aliasing problem, and efficient frequency domain focusing algorithm. To circumvent the main effects, corresponding solutions are proposed, including a precise synchronization strategy with troposphere delay correction based on the direct signal from the transmitter and a modified and integrative bistatic polar format algorithm (PFA). This paper covers the theoretical development, implementation, and analysis of the SS-BiSAR PFA based on 2-D fast Gaussian gridding nonuniform fast Fourier transform with wavefront curvature correction. Furthermore, the high-resolution ST-mode SS-BiSAR image processed by the proposed algorithm is acquired, and the differences of scattering behaviors between monostatic and bistatic SAR images are analyzed in detail.
Adenomatoid tumors are rare benign tumors, mainly involving the reproductive tract, such as the epididymis in men and the uterus and fallopian tubes in women. However, a few cases can occur outside ...the reproductive tract. Herein, we report a rare case of a primary adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland.
A 50-year-old man underwent ultrasound examination and was found to have a right adrenal mass without elevated blood pressure, weakness after fatigue, frequent nocturnal urination urgency, pain, or a history of hematuria. The patient's general health was normal. Computed tomography revealed a polycystic mixed-density lesion in the right adrenal region, approximately 7.3 × 4.5 cm in size.
Based on the clinical information, morphological features, and immunohistochemistry results, a pathological diagnosis of primary adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland was made.
Excision of the right adrenal gland and tumor through the 11 ribs.
The patient's postoperative course was uneventful.
Preventing misdiagnosis adenomatoid tumors with other types of adrenal gland tumors or metastatic tumors is imperative. Morphological and immunohistochemical features can help diagnose primary adenomatoid tumors of the adrenal gland.
WRKY-type transcription factors have multiple roles in the plant defence response and developmental processes. Their roles in the abiotic stress response remain obscure. In this study, 64 GmWRKY ...genes from soybean were identified, and were found to be differentially expressed under abiotic stresses. Nine GmWRKY proteins were tested for their transcription activation in the yeast assay system, and five showed such ability. In a DNA-binding assay, three proteins (GmWRKY13, GmWRKY27 and GmWRKY54) with a conserved WRKYGQK sequence in their DNA-binding domain could bind to the W-box (TTGAC). However, GmWRKY6 and GmWRKY21, with an altered sequence WRKYGKK, lost the ability to bind to the W-box. The function of three stress-induced genes, GmWRKY13, GmWRKY21 and GmWRKY54, was further investigated using a transgenic approach. GmWRKY21-transgenic Arabidopsis plants were tolerant to cold stress, whereas GmWRKY54 conferred salt and drought tolerance, possibly through the regulation of DREB2A and STZ/Zat10. Transgenic plants over-expressing GmWRKY13 showed increased sensitivity to salt and mannitol stress, but decreased sensitivity to abscisic acid, when compared with wild-type plants. In addition, GmWRKY13-transgenic plants showed an increase in lateral roots. These results indicate that the three GmWRKY genes play differential roles in abiotic stress tolerance, and that GmWRKY13 may function in both lateral root development and the abiotic stress response.
Recently the driving force for economic growth in China's port cities is insufficient, and ports are suffering from the capacity surplus in the context of the global recession. To find out whether ...the problem could be relieved by adjusting port and city development strategy, the present study examined the relationship between economic indicators of the port city and the port throughput. Panel data regression models were estimated to examine the extent of impact between port throughput and city economy with the second-generation panel data analysis methods, with panel data for 16 port-city pairs in China over the period 2000–2016. Results suggest that port throughput imposes a non-negligible impact on GDP while it has an opposite effect on the amount of total retail sales of consumer goods (TRSCG). Regarding the economic structure indicators, the port throughput increases synchronously with the added value of the secondary industry (SI) but negatively with that of the primary industry (PI) and the tertiary industry (TI). The causality test confirms an interactive mechanism between the port city economy and the port throughput in the sampled city-port pairs. The underlying reasons were discussed, and several policy suggestions to respond to the research question were proposed.
•The interaction between port production and the port city development is investigated with panel data.•The second-generation panel method considering cross-sectional dependence is adopted.•In context of global recession, new investment into port capacity expansion should be proposed with caution.•The port could promote the development of the tertiary industry of the city.
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