A dissymmetric backbone and selenophene substitution on the central core was used for the synthesis of symmetric or dissymmetric A‐DA′D‐A type non‐fullerene small molecular acceptors (NF‐SMAs) with ...different numbers of selenophene. From S‐YSS‐Cl to A‐WSSe‐Cl and to S‐WSeSe‐Cl, a gradually red‐shifted absorption and a gradually larger electron mobility and crystallinity in neat thin film was observed. A‐WSSe‐Cl and S‐WSeSe‐Cl exhibit stronger and tighter intermolecular π–π stacking interactions, extra S⋅⋅⋅N non‐covalent intermolecular interactions from central benzothiadiazole, better ordered 3D interpenetrating charge‐transfer networks in comparison with thiophene‐based S‐YSS‐Cl. The dissymmetric A‐WSSe‐Cl‐based device has a PCE of 17.51 %, which is the highest value for selenophene‐based NF‐SMAs in binary polymer solar cells. The combination of dissymmetric core and precise replacement of selenophene on the central core is effective to improve Jsc and FF without sacrificing Voc.
A dissymmetric backbone and selenophene substitution on the central core was employed to synthesize dissymmetric A‐DA′D‐A NF‐SMAs. Their detailed single‐crystal packing were revealed successfully. The dissymmetric A‐WSSe‐Cl:PM6 device presented an impressive PCE of 17.51 %, which is the highest values for selenophene‐based and the dissymmetric NF‐SMAs in binary PSCs.
Herein, we synthesized new hetero‐halogenated end groups with well‐determined fluorinated and chlorinated substitutions (o‐FCl‐IC and FClF‐IC), and synthesized regioisomer‐free small molecular ...acceptors (SMAs) Y‐Cl, Y‐FCl, and Y‐FClF with distinct hetero‐halogenated terminals, respectively. The single‐crystal structures and theoretical calculations indicate that Y‐FClF exhibits more compact three‐dimensional network packing and more significant π‐π electronic coupling compared to Y‐FCl. From Y‐Cl to Y‐FCl to Y‐FClF, the neat films exhibit a narrower optical band gap and gradually enhanced electron mobility and crystallinity. The PM6 : Y‐FClF blend film exhibits the strongest crystallinity with preferential face‐on molecular packing, desirable fibrous morphology with suitable phase segregation, and the highest and balanced charge mobilities among three blend films. Overall, the PM6 : Y‐FClF organic solar cells (OSCs) deliver a remarkable efficiency of 17.65 %, outperforming the PM6 : Y‐FCl and PM6 : Y‐Cl, which is the best PCE for reported hetero‐halogens‐based SMAs in binary OSCs. Our results demonstrate that difluoro‐monochloro hetero‐terminal is a superior regio‐regular unit for enhancing the intermolecular crystal packing and photovoltaic performance of hetero‐halogenated SMAs.
New fluorine/chlorine regio‐regular hetero‐trihalogenated terminal was firstly synthesized and systematically employed to enhance single‐crystal packing, improve film morphology, and boost device performance of the hetero‐halogenated SMAs. The PM6 : Y‐FClF achieved a remarkable PCE of 17.65 %, which is far better than that of Y‐Cl and Y‐FCl and is the highest efficiency for the hetero‐halogenated SMAs‐based binary OSCs.
Granulites and eclogites are useful for revealing the thermal and tectonic evolution of orogens. Early Palaeozoic granulites and associated eclogites in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB) display ...contrasting metamorphic age. Such asynchronous granulite–eclogite associations have rarely been reported, and the geological significance of their existence remains to be further explored. In this study, petrological and geochronological techniques were used to investigate two felsic and two mafic granulites collected from the Qingshuiquan area in the eastern section of the EKOB. These rocks record similar P–T paths, which are characterized by a peak stage within suprasolidus and high‐pressure (HP) granulite facies conditions (750–832°C and 10.1–12.0 kbar), followed by an initial decompression and cooling stage to subsolidus conditions (600–748°C and 6.5–8.6 kbar), and then a stage of further retrogression under greenschist facies conditions. The protoliths to these granulites are of volcanic and sedimentary origin and suggested to be a component of the continental basement unit. Metamorphic P–T paths indicate that these rocks experienced peak metamorphism at a depth of ~40 km, then cooling and uplift to a depth of ~25 km, and eventually experienced low‐grade retrogression at shallow crustal levels. Cathodoluminescence images and compositional data demonstrate that the zircons in these rocks are of metamorphic origin and they crystallized at or near peak conditions. SIMS U–Pb dating of representative zircon grains yield concordant metamorphic ages of c. 490–520 Ma, with a peak value of 505 Ma on the probability density curve. These ages are similar to other 480–530 Ma ages typically retrieved from EKOB granulites and associated rocks, and are markedly older than the 400–450 Ma ages retrieved from eclogites and their host rocks. The HP granulites and eclogites of the EKOB do not show overprinting relationships. Such asynchronous characteristics imply that the two rock types formed in distinct tectonic settings and at different stages of a protracted subduction–collision process. The studied granulites are suggested to have formed in the root of a continental arc during a stage of Proto‐Tethys Ocean subduction. The formation of the eclogites could be attributed to subsequent deep continental subduction.
Two metal–organic frameworks Zn2(Tipa)2(OH)·3NO3·12H2O (FIR-53, FIR denotes Fujian Institute of Research, Tipa = tris(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)amine)) and Zn(Tipa)·2NO3·DMF·4H2O) (FIR-54) ...with large nanotubular channels were synthesized via Zn(II) ions coordinate the neutral Tipa ligand. The framework of FIR-53 contains 1D channels along the c axis with a cross section of 18 × 13 Å2. FIR-54 also consists of large channels with the 10.5 × 10.5 Å2 open windows. These porous materials efficiently trap Cr2O7 2– inorganic pollutant ions via the single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC-SC) approach. The Cr2O7 2– uptake capacities of FIR-53 and FIR-54 are high to 74.2 and 103 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the Cr2O7 2– trapping–releasing process of FIR-53 displays good regeneration. Meaningfully, the structure of FIR-53 after ion exchange can be accurately obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which further elaborates the SC-SC transformation.
Abstract
We propose a scheme to engineer phonon laser in a non-Hermitian cavity magnomechanical (CMM) system with dissipative magnon-photon coupling. The exceptional point (EP) (the analog of the
...-symmetric regime), emerging in the system and changing the properties of photons, magnons, and phonons, can be observed with a tunable dissipative magnon-photon coupling caused by the cavity Lenz’s law. At the EP, we find that a strong nonlinear relation appears between the mechanical amplification factor and the detuning parameter, which results in a dramatic enhancement of magnetostrictive force and mechanical gain, and leading to the highly efficient phonon laser and the ultralow threshold power. Furthermore, EP induced by dissipative coupling is flexible and tunable compared to the
-symmetric regime, and the ultralow threshold power phonon laser is immune to the loss rates of the photon and magnon modes. Our scheme provides a theoretical basis for phonon laser in non-Hermitian systems and presents potential applications ranging from preparing coherent phonon sources to operating on-chip functional acoustic devices.
A three‐dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF) was synthesized by combining 4‐pyrazolecarboxylic acid and adenine. This MOF exhibits reversible flexibility and breathing adsorption behaviors in ...response to light hydrocarbons, with high capacity. The flexibility of the structural transitions was studied on the molecular scale by obtaining the crystal structures at 303, 353 and 373 K. The bridging nitrogen atoms of the pyrazolate rings act as a “kneecap” around the M⋅⋅⋅M axis, which causes the rotation of ligands around the M⋅⋅⋅M axis in response to external stimulus, thus giving rise to the deformation of the framework structure.
Breathtaking: A flexible metal–organic framework based on the pyrazole–adenine module exhibits a breathing effect on the sorption of light hydrocarbons. The flexibility of the framework is demonstrated by single‐crystal structural studies at different temperatures.
Pyroptosis is a form of cell death mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD); it is characterised by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase activation, cell membrane pore formation, and the release of ...interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a central role in pyroptosis. Recent research has suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be involved in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. This finding provided the impetus for us to clarify the significance of pyroptosis in diabetes. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in pyroptosis, as well as recent advances in the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the development of diabetes and diabetic complications.
The activation mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome. Display omitted
We propose a simple scheme to generate quantum entanglement and one-way steering between distinct mode pairs in a generic cavity magnomechanical system, which is composed of a microwave cavity and a ...yttrium iron garnet sphere supporting magnon and phonon modes. The microwave cavity is pumped by a weak squeezed vacuum field, which plays an important role for establishing quantum entanglement and steering. It is found that when the magnon mode is driven by the red-detuned laser, the maximum entanglement between cavity mode and phonon mode and the maximum phonon-to-photon one-way steering can be effectively generated via adjusting the ratio of two coupling rates. While under the much weaker magnomechanical coupling, the quantum entanglement and one-way steering between cavity mode and magnon mode can be achieved, where the steering direction is determined merely by the relative dissipation strength of the cavity to the magnon mode. More interestingly, we reveal that the robustness to the temperature for entanglement and steering between any mode pairs can be evidently enhanced by selecting the squeezing parameter appropriately.
Photon blockade is an effective way to generate single photon, which is of great significance in quantum state preparation and quantum information processing. Here we investigate the statistical ...properties of photons in a double-cavity optomechanical system with nonreciprocal coupling, and explore the photon blockade in the weak and strong coupling regions respectively. To achieve the strong photon blockade, we give the optimal parameter relations under different blockade mechanisms. Moreover, we find that the photon blockades under their respective mechanisms exhibit completely different behaviors with the change of nonreciprocal coupling, and the perfect photon blockade can be achieved without an excessively large optomechanical coupling, i.e., the optomechanical coupling is much smaller than the mechanical frequency, which breaks the traditional cognition. Our proposal provides a feasible and flexible platform for the realization of single-photon source.
Probiotic could be a promising alternative to antibiotics for the prevention of enteric infections; however, further information on the dose effects is required. In this study, weanling piglets were ...orally administered low- or high-dose Lactobacillus rhamnosus ACTT 7469 (10(10) CFU/d or 10(12) CFU/d) for 1 week before F4 (K88)-positive Escherichia coli challenge. The compositions of faecal and gastrointestinal microbiota were recorded; gene expression in the intestines was assessed by real-time PCR; serum tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations and intestinal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Unexpectedly, high-dose administration increased the incidence of diarrhoea before F4(+)ETEC challenge, despite the fact that both doses ameliorated F4(+)ETEC-induced diarrhoea with increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts accompanied by reduced coliform shedding in faeces. Interestingly, L. rhamnosus administration reduced Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts in the colonic contents, and the high-dose piglets also had lower Lactobacillius and Bacteroides counts in the ileal contents. An increase in the concentration of serum TNF-α induced by F4(+)ETEC was observed, but the increase was delayed by L. rhamnosus. In piglets exposed to F4(+)ETEC, jejunal TLR4 expression increased at the mRNA and protein levels, while jejunal interleukin (IL)-8 and ileal porcine β-defensins 2 (pBD2) mRNA expression increased; however, these increases were attenuated by administration of L. rhamnosus. Notably, expression of jejunal TLR2, ileal TLR9, Nod-like receptor NOD1 and TNF-α mRNA was upregulated in the low-dose piglets after F4(+)ETEC challenge, but not in the high-dose piglets. These findings indicate that pretreatment with a low dose of L. rhamnosus might be more effective than a high dose at ameliorating diarrhoea. There is a risk that high-dose L. rhamnosus pretreatment may negate the preventative effects, thus decreasing the prophylactic benefits against potential enteric pathogens. Our data suggest a safe threshold for preventative use of probiotics in clinical practice.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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