Halide perovskites exhibit diverse properties depending on their compositions. However, integrating desired properties into one material is still challenging. Here, a facile solution‐processed ...epitaxial growth method to grow 2D perovskite single crystal on top of 3D perovskite single crystal, which can passivate the surface defects for improved device performance is reported. Short formamidine (FA+) ions are replaced by long organic cations, which can fully align and cover the single crystal surface to prevent the ions migration or short FA+ ions volatilization. The thickness of epitaxial layer can be finely adjusted by controlling the growth time. The defect density of single crystals heterojunction is only 3.18 × 109 cm−3, and the carrier mobility is 80.43 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is greater than that of the control 3D perovskite single crystal. This study for the first time realized large area 3D/2D perovskite single crystals heterojunction, which suppressed ions migration and exhibited advanced performance in hard X‐rays detection applications. This strategy also provides a way to grow large area 2D perovskite single crystal from solution processes.
The 2D epitaxial layer of the 3D/2D perovskite single crystals heterojunction can passivate the surface defects and suppress ion migration or short formamidine FA+ ion volatilization, which boost its optoelectric properties. The 3D/2D heterojunction X‐ray detector exhibits stable response to 120 kVp hard X‐rays, with the lowest detectable dose rate of 55 nGyairs−1.
It is highly challenging to detect the pathophysiology of the diseased kidneys and achieve precise diagnosis because there are few in vivo noninvasive imaging techniques to quantitatively assess ...kidney dysfunction. This longstanding challenge is normally attributed to the limited molecular contrast agents which can be addressed with renal clearable nanoprobes. In this report, we demonstrate the use of magnetic resonance imaging along with renal clearable ferric coordination polymer nanodots (Fe-CPNDs) for in vivo monitoring the kidney dysfunction effects following drug (daunomycin)-induced kidney injury. After intravenous injection of Fe-CPNDs, the change of the MR signal in the kidney can be precisely correlated with local pathological lesion which is demonstrated by renal anatomic details and biochemical examinations of urine and blood. This finding opens the door to the possibility of noninvasively assessing kidney dysfunction and local injuries.
The virtual anatomy laboratory was jointly established by the Jilin Province Department of Public Security, Public Security Bureau of Changchun, Jilin University and Neusoft Medical Systems Co., Ltd. ...on December 30, 2019. Details of the laboratory construction, virtual autopsy process, case analysis, research and development, establishment of standards, application in teaching, and other aspects of the center are summarized in this paper. In addition, we expound the prospective and practical significance of the virtual anatomy laboratory. Based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance detection methods, the prospective applications of virtual anatomy in forensic identification are explored through the analyses of two real-life cases. Using information from traditional anatomy as the gold standard, this study expanded on and explored the application technology and scenarios of virtual anatomy in imaging, clinical diagnosis, and equipment manufacturing, among other fields. The four cooperating units have their strengths and will yield valuable scientific research results and social benefits.
Methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite single crystals have been demonstrated to be good candidates as sensitive X-ray detectors in direct detection mode in recent years. However, its X-ray ...detection performance based on the orientation of different facets is still not clear. Here, we developed a facile strategy to chemically expose the 110 facet of single crystals from low-cost solution processes by tailoring the nonstoichiometry of feeding ions to selectively suppress the growth of the 100 facet. In contrast to physically cutting and sawing single-crystal ingots, this avoids damage to the fragile single crystals as well as orientation errors, more suitable for the naturally soft lattice. Compared to the 100 facet, the exposed 110 facet of perovskite single crystals exhibits a smaller trap density and excellent charge carrier transportation properties, leading to an improved sensitivity of 3928.3 μC/Gyair/cm2 to 120 keV hard X-rays, which potentially outperforms the currently dominating CsI scintillator of a commercial digital radiography (DR) medical imager for a routine health check.
2D perovskite single crystals have emerged as excellent optoelectronic materials owing to their unique anisotropic properties. However, growing large 2D perovskite single crystals remains challenging ...and time‐consuming. Here, a new composition of lead‐free 2D perovskite—4‐fluorophenethylammonium bismuth iodide (F‐PEA)3BiI6 is reported. An oriented bulk 2D wafer with a large area of 1.33 cm2 is obtained by tableting disordered 2D perovskite powders, resulting in anisotropic resistivities of 5 × 1010 and 2 × 1011 Ω cm in the lateral and vertical directions, respectively. Trivalent Bi3+ ions are employed to achieve a stronger ionic bonding energy with I‐ ions, which intrinsically suppress the ion‐migration effect. Thus, the oriented wafer presents good capabilities in both charge collection and ion‐migration suppression under a large applied bias along the out‐of‐plane direction, making it suitable for low‐dosage X‐ray detection. The large‐area wafer shows a sensitive response to hard X‐rays operated at a tube voltage of 120 kVp with the lowest detectable dose rate of 30 nGy s‐1. Thus, the fast tableting process is a facile and effective strategy to synthesize large‐area, oriented 2D wafers, showing excellent X‐ray detection performance and operational stability that are comparable to those of 2D perovskite single crystals.
A new composition of 2D perovskite—4‐fluorophenethylammonium bismuth iodide (F‐PEA)3BiI6 is reported, and large and oriented perovskite wafers over 1 cm2 are obtained through a facile and time‐saving strategy by tableting disordered 2D perovskite powders. Consequently, the unique anisotropy of four‐times conductivity difference between the vertical and lateral directions enables great potential application in hard X‐ray detection.
Crystal growth rate was greatly controlled through volatilization control valve, which avoid producing a large number of defects because of high growth rate. Constant growth rate leads to ...high-quality single crystal for high sensitive X-ray detector.
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Halide perovskite single crystals (HPSCs) provide a unique platform to study the optoelectronic properties of such emerging semiconductor materials, while the temperature induced crystal growth method often has an increased solute integration speed and/or unavoidable solute consumption, resulting in a soaring or slumping crystal growth rate of HPSCs. Here, we developed a universal and facile solvent-volatilization-limited-growth (SVG) strategy to finely control the crystal growth rate by the fine-control-valve for high quality crystal grown through solution processes. The grown HPSCs by SVG method exhibited a record low trap density of 2.8 × 108 cm−3 and a high charge carrier mobility-lifetime product (μτ product) of 0.021 cm2/V, indicating the excellent crystal quality. The crystal surface defects were further passivated by oxygen suppliers as Lewis base, which led to a reduction of surface leakage current by two times when using for low dose rate X-ray detection. Such HPSC X-ray detector displayed a high sensitivity of 1274 µC/(Gyair cm2) with a lowest detectable dose rate of 0.56 μGyair/s under 120 keV hard X-ray. Further applications including alloy composition analysis and metal flaw detection by HPSC detectors were also demonstrated, which not only shows the bright future for product quality inspection and non-destructive materials analysis, but also paves the way for growing high quality single crystals and fabricating polycrystalline films.
Both semiconductors and scintillators have their own advantages in direct and indirect X‐ray detection, respectively. However, they are also limited by their intrinsic properties and detection ...mechanisms. Here, a low‐cost and large‐area flat X‐ray detector is reported by combining a cesium silver bismuth bromide (Cs2AgBiBr6) perovskite semiconductor with a ethylenebis‐triphenylphosphonium manganese (II) bromide ((C38H34P2)MnBr4) scintillator through fast tableting processes. Cs2AgBiBr6 and (C38H34P2)MnBr4 can attenuate the X‐ray photons to induce charge carriers that are collected through the continuous Cs2AgBiBr6 grains. (C38H34P2)MnBr4 blocks the Cs2AgBiBr6 ions migration paths at the grain boundaries to reduce the device dark current/noise and improves the working stability. Most charges generated by (C38H34P2)MnBr4 are transferred to the adjacent Cs2AgBiBr6, and recombined charges radiate light through scintillation, which will be further absorbed by the surrounding Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite, and further induce collectable charges for indirect X‐ray detection, avoiding the unwanted light scattering, self‐absorption, or afterglow effects of scintillators. The hybrid X‐ray detector displays a high sensitivity of 114 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 to 120 keVp hard X‐rays with a lowest detectable dose rate of 0.2 μGyair s−1, showing 75 times lower detection limit compared to (C38H34P2)MnBr4 scintillator, which provides a new path for X‐ray flat‐panel design.
Direct semiconductor Cs2AgBiBr6 and indirect scintillator (C38H34P2)MnBr4 are combined to create a hybrid detector. Both the charges generated by Cs2AgBiBr6 and (C38H34P2)MnBr4 are collected. (C38H34P2)MnBr4 significantly suppresses the ion migration in Cs2AgBiBr6 detector, and hybrid detector provides a possibility for the application of scintillators with high efficiency but long afterglow lifetime.
Silymarin (SIL) is an active extraction of the silybum marianum, milk thistle, which is an ancient medicinal plant for treatment of various liver diseases for centuries. This study is to assess the ...therapeutic effect of SIL in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through meta-analysis.
Published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included from electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and so forth). Cochrane handbook was applied to evaluate the methodological quality. All statistical analyses were directed by Revman 5.3 software, and statistical significance was defined as P < .05.
Eight RCTs involved 587 patients were included in this study. The results showed that SIL reduced the AST and ALT levels more significantly than the control group (AST UI/L: MD = -6.57; 95% CI, -10.03 to -3.12; P = .0002; ALT UI/L: MD = -9.16; 95% CI, -16.24 to -2.08; P = .01). Compared with other interventions, there were significant differences decreasing AST and ALT levels when SIL was used alone (AST UI/L: MD = -5.44; 95% CI, -8.80 to -2.08; P = .002; ALT UI/L: MD = -5.08; 95% CI, -7.85 to -2.32; P = .0003).
SIL has positive efficacy to reduce transaminases levels in NAFLD patients. SIL can be an encouraging and considerable phytotherapy for NAFLD patients.
The development of biosafe nanoplatforms with diagnostic and therapeutic multifunction is extremely demanded for designing cancer theranostic medicines. Here, a facile methodology is developed to ...construct a multifunctional nanotheranostic that gathers five functions, upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging, T
1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X‐ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), and chemotherapy, into one single nanoprobe (named as UCNP@PDA5‐PEG‐DOX). For generating the UCNP@PDA5‐PEG‐DOX, a near‐infrared light (NIR)‐absorbing polydopamine (PDA) shell is directly coated on oleic‐acid‐capped β‐NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@β‐NaGdF4 upconverting nanoparticle (UCNP) core for the first time to form monodisperse, ultrastable, and noncytotoxic core–shell‐structured nanosphere via water‐in‐oil microemulsion approach. When combined with 808 nm NIR laser irradiation, the UCNP@PDA5‐PEG‐DOX shows great synergistic interaction between PTT and the enhanced chemotherapy, resulting in completely eradicated mouse‐bearing SW620 tumor without regrowth. In addition, leakage study, hemolysis assay, histology analysis, and blood biochemistry assay unambiguously reveal that the UCNP@PDA5‐PEG has inappreciable cytotoxicity and negligible organ toxicity. The results provide explicit strategy for fabricating multifunctional nanoplatforms from the integration of UCNP with NIR‐absorbing polymers, important for developing multi‐mode nanoprobes for biomedical applications.
NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaGdF4 upconverting nanoparticle@polydopamine nanocomposites (UCNP@PDA) are synthesized by facile water‐in‐oil microemulsion method, which can be employed to construct multifunctional nanotheranostics. In vivo experimental results demonstrate that PEGylated upconverting nanoparticle (UCNP) with 5 nm polydopamine (PDA) shell (UCNP@PDA5‐PEG) presents strong contrast enhancement effects on subcutaneous colorectal tumor. After loading with doxorubicin (DOX), the UCNP@PDA5‐PEG‐DOX exhibits highly effective chemophotothermal synergistic therapy on colorectal tumor.
MRI‐Based Artificial Intelligence in Rectal Cancer Wong, Chinting; Fu, Yu; Li, Mingyang ...
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging,
January 2023, 2023-01-00, 20230101, Letnik:
57, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Rectal cancer (RC) accounts for approximately one‐third of colorectal cancer (CRC), with death rates increasing in patients younger than 50 years old. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely ...performed for tumor evaluation. However, the semantic features from images alone remain insufficient to guide treatment decisions. Functional MRIs are useful for revealing microstructural and functional abnormalities and nevertheless have low or modest repeatability and reproducibility. Therefore, during the preoperative evaluation and follow‐up treatment of patients with RC, novel noninvasive imaging markers are needed to describe tumor characteristics to guide treatment strategies and achieve individualized diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) has created new tools for RC evaluation based on MRI. In this review, we summarize the research progress of AI in the evaluation of staging, prediction of high‐risk factors, genotyping, response to therapy, recurrence, metastasis, prognosis, and segmentation with RC. We further discuss the challenges of clinical application, including improvement in imaging, model performance, and the biological meaning of features, which may also be major development directions in the future.
Evidence Level
5
Technical Efficacy
Stage 2
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