Wooden breast (WB) has emerged as a dramatically increasing myopathy in the poultry industry over the past few years. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of WB in a Chinese ...commercial broiler processing plant, and the consequences on quality attributes, textural properties, and sensory traits. A total of 1,135 breast fillets were collected at the deboning line and assigned to normal, mild, moderate, and severe WB categories by tactile evaluation. The proportion affected by WB was approximately 61.9%. WB fillets appeared heavier and thicker than normal fillets. The degree of WB myopathy was highly correlated with fillet weight and thickness. The meat quality characteristics of cooking loss and purge loss increased along with increasing severity of WB myopathy. Compression tests of raw meat revealed higher cutting strength and shear values for WB. In cooked meat, only severe WB fillets exhibited elevated hardness and chewiness. Finally, moderate and severe WB fillets affected the sensory evaluation by consumers owing to their impaired general appearance, texture, and drip loss. The results suggested that a high proportion of WB broiler fillets would cause detrimental losses to the poultry meat retailing and processing industry.
The 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention categorizes moderate and severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) as high and very-high CVD risk status ...regardless of other factors like age and does not include estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria in its algorithms, systemic coronary risk estimation 2 (SCORE2) and systemic coronary risk estimation 2 in older persons (SCORE2-OP), to predict CVD risk. We developed and validated an 'Add-on' to incorporate CKD measures into these algorithms, using a validated approach.
In 3,054 840 participants from 34 datasets, we developed three Add-ons eGFR only, eGFR + urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (the primary Add-on), and eGFR + dipstick proteinuria for SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP. We validated C-statistics and net reclassification improvement (NRI), accounting for competing risk of non-CVD death, in 5,997 719 participants from 34 different datasets.
In the target population of SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP without diabetes, the CKD Add-on (eGFR only) and CKD Add-on (eGFR + ACR) improved C-statistic by 0.006 (95%CI 0.004-0.008) and 0.016 (0.010-0.023), respectively, for SCORE2 and 0.012 (0.009-0.015) and 0.024 (0.014-0.035), respectively, for SCORE2-OP. Similar results were seen when we included individuals with diabetes and tested the CKD Add-on (eGFR + dipstick). In 57 485 European participants with CKD, SCORE2 or SCORE2-OP with a CKD Add-on showed a significant NRI e.g. 0.100 (0.062-0.138) for SCORE2 compared to the qualitative approach in the ESC guideline.
Our Add-ons with CKD measures improved CVD risk prediction beyond SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP. This approach will help clinicians and patients with CKD refine risk prediction and further personalize preventive therapies for CVD.
Young leaves of tropical trees frequently appear red in color, with the redness disappearing as the leaves mature. During leaf expansion, plants may employ photoprotective mechanisms to cope with ...high light intensities; however, the variations in anthocyanin contents, nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), and photorespiration during leaf expansion are poorly understood. Here, we investigated pigment contents, gas exchange, and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence in
Woodfordia fruticosa
leaves during their expansion. Young red leaves had significantly lower Chl content than that of expanding or mature leaves, but they accumulated significantly higher anthocyanins and dissipated more excited light energy through NPQ. As the leaves matured, net photosynthetic rate, total electron flow through PSII, and electron flow for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenation gradually increased. Our results provided evidence that photorespiration is of fundamental importance in regulating the photosynthetic electron flow and CO
2
assimilation during leaf expansion.
Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) can reflect the intensity of spontaneous neuronal activity. Feature selection on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data combined ...with fALFF can be well used to study the pathology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and assist in its diagnosis. However, the unsatisfactory effect of feature selection limits the study of ADHD. In this study, a novel method is proposed to classify ADHD individuals and neurotypicals. This work introduces multiple linear regressions for reduction of confounding effects. After that, fALFF combined with principal component analysis (PCA), Shannon entropy (ShEn), and sample entropy (SampEn) are used to construct features, and a reliable RELIEF (R-RELIEF) algorithm is proposed to find the most prominent features. Public ADHD-200 dataset is used in this study to evaluate our method. The results in this study suggest that fALFF is a reliable fMRI marker for investigation of ADHD, and R-RELIEF shows good performance compared with RELIEF algorithm. Moreover, fALFF of many brain regions are found to differ between ADHD and neurotypicals, thus coinciding with the results of previous studies.
WarpX is a general purpose electromagnetic particle-in-cell code that was originally designed to run on many-core CPU architectures. We describe the strategy, based on the AMReX library, followed to ...allow WarpX to use the GPU-accelerated nodes on OLCF’s Summit supercomputer, a strategy we believe will extend to the upcoming machines Frontier and Aurora. We summarize the challenges encountered, lessons learned, and give current performance results on a series of relevant benchmark problems.
•Optimization of memory usage can be as important as optimization of run time.•Memory Arenas aid in getting performance on GPU hardware with common programming patterns.•Fusing kernels in communication routines is key to work around kernel launch latency.•Exploiting the cache hierarchy on V100 GPUs leads to large performance increases.
ABSTRACT
We report the orbital X-ray variability of the high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) GX 301−2. GX 301−2 underwent a spin-up process in 2018–2020 with the period evolving from ∼685–670 s. The ...energy-resolved pulse profiles of the pulsar at 1–60 keV varied from single-peaked and sinusoidal shapes to multipeaked ones across different orbital phases. Pulse fractions evolving over the orbit had negative correlations with the X-ray flux. The broad-band X-ray energy spectrum of the pulsar can be described with a partially covered negative–positive cut-off power-law continuum model. Near the periastron passage of the pulsar we found strong variation in the additional column density ($N_{\mathrm{H}_{2}}$), which correlated with variation of the flux. Curves of growth for both Fe Kα and Fe Kβ lines were plotted to investigate the distribution of matter around the neutron star. We also found evidence for two cyclotron absorption lines in the phase-averaged spectra in GX 301−2, with one line of 30–42 keV and the other line varying over 48–56 keV. The centroid energies of both lines show a similar relationship with X-ray luminosity: positive correlation in the lower luminosity range, and a negative relation above a critical luminosity of $10^{37}\, \rm erg\, s^{-1}$. We estimate the surface magnetic field of the neutron star in GX 301−2 to be ∼(0.5–2) × 1013 G. The two cyclotron line energies have a nearly fixed ratio of ∼1.63 while having a low strength ratio (∼0.05), suggesting that these two features may actually be one line.
Abstract
The largest uncertainty in the historical radiative forcing of climate is caused by changes in aerosol particles due to anthropogenic activity. Sophisticated aerosol microphysics processes ...have been included in many climate models in an effort to reduce the uncertainty. However, the models are very challenging to evaluate and constrain because they require extensive in situ measurements of the particle size distribution, number concentration, and chemical composition that are not available from global satellite observations. The Global Aerosol Synthesis and Science Project (GASSP) aims to improve the robustness of global aerosol models by combining new methodologies for quantifying model uncertainty, to create an extensive global dataset of aerosol in situ microphysical and chemical measurements, and to develop new ways to assess the uncertainty associated with comparing sparse point measurements with low-resolution models. GASSP has assembled over 45,000 hours of measurements from ships and aircraft as well as data from over 350 ground stations. The measurements have been harmonized into a standardized format that is easily used by modelers and nonspecialist users. Available measurements are extensive, but they are biased to polluted regions of the Northern Hemisphere, leaving large pristine regions and many continental areas poorly sampled. The aerosol radiative forcing uncertainty can be reduced using a rigorous model–data synthesis approach. Nevertheless, our research highlights significant remaining challenges because of the difficulty of constraining many interwoven model uncertainties simultaneously. Although the physical realism of global aerosol models still needs to be improved, the uncertainty in aerosol radiative forcing will be reduced most effectively by systematically and rigorously constraining the models using extensive syntheses of measurements.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study we have deposited silver-containing hydrogenated and hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) nanocomposite thin films by plasma immersion ion implantation-deposition methods. The ...surface and nano-tribological characteristics were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nano-scratching experiments. The silver doping was found to have no measurable effect on sp
2–sp
3 hybridization of the hydrogenated DLC matrix and only a slight effect on the hydrogen-free DLC matrix. The surface topography was analyzed by surface imaging. High- and low-order roughness determined by AFM characterization was correlated to the DLC growth mechanism and revealed the smoothing effect of silver. The nano-tribological characteristics were explained in terms of friction mechanisms and mechanical properties in correlation to the surface characteristics. It was discovered that the adhesion friction was the dominant friction mechanism; the adhesion force between the scratching tip and DLC surface was decreased by hydrogenation and increased by silver doping.
The target formation of Jianghan salt district, Qianjiang city, Hubei province, China, for underground gas storage (UGS) construction has a depth of more than 1800m. The cavern will be the deepest ...salt cavern UGS in Asia. A 3D geomechanical model of the proposed salt cavern UGS is built based on the geologic characteristics and mechanical parameters of the target formation. A new indexes system composed of displacement, volume shrinkage, plastic zone, dilatancy safety factor, and equivalent strain is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the safety of Jianghan salt cavern UGS. The thresholds of each indicator are proposed based on the characteristics of rock salt in China. By using the proposed indexes system, the cavern shape, dimensions, operating parameters and pillar width are optimized. Calculating results show that the optimized cavern has a slender cylindrical shape with a domed roof and an inverted cone bottom; its diameter ranges from 80 to 90m, its height is about 210m, and its free volume (accessible to gas) is about 50–65×104 m3. The maximum operating gas pressure is about 34MPa, and the minimum gas pressure is no less than 17MPa. The width of the pillar between adjacent caverns is about 2.5–3 times the cavern diameter. The gas storage capacity of a single cavern is about 1.1×109 m3, and the working gas is about 0.7×109 m3, which is about three times that of a single cavern in Jintan salt cavern UGS, Jiangsu province, China. The results indicate that Jianghan salt cavern UGS has a good feasibility for large-scale gas storage.
PDF
