Display omitted
•The formation of the Xianghualing tin deposit can be achieved by (1) fluid-rock interaction, and (2) late-stage magmatic volatile exsolution and cooling.•High oxygen fugacity or ...acid-consuming reactions are not necessary for cassiterite precipitation.•The evolution of sn-related magmatic-hydrothermal process based on tourmaline has been proposed.
The Xianghualing skarn Sn polymetallic deposit (Nanling Range), with ca. 0.25 Mt Sn metal, 0.85 Mt Pb + Zn metal, and 22 Kt (Ta, Nb)2O5, is a Late Jurassic biotite granite-related Sn-Pb-Zn-Nb-Ta deposit. However, our understanding of how magmatic-hydrothermal processes contributed to its mineralization remains poor. Tourmaline has the capacity to retain primary elemental and isotopic information throughout the tin-related ore-formation process, allowing us to use the in-situ major, trace elemental, and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline to research the origin of tin-bearing fluids and to trace the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution associated with tin mineralization. Five types of tourmaline are recognized based on petrography: i) late-magmatic tourmaline (Tur-I) disseminated in the biotite granites; ii) hydrothermal tourmaline (Tur-II) in massive schorl-fluorite association from the endoskarn zone; iii) hydrothermal tourmaline (Tur-III) with long columnar crystals in massive schorl-epidote association from the exoskarn zone, is related to Sn-Pb-Zn mineralization; iv) hydrothermal tourmaline (Tur-IV) from tourmaline-fluorite veins in exoskarn within the marble; and v) hydrothermal tourmaline (Tur-V) from cassiterite-sulfide-tourmaline-fluorite-topaz veins hosted by quartz sandstone, and is directly related to Sn-Pb-Zn mineralization.
Tourmaline from the Xianghualing tin-polymetallic deposit dominates the alkali group and the schorl-dravite solid-solution series. Distinct Fe/(Fe + Mg) and Na/(Na + Ca) ratios of Tur-II to Tur-IV reveal different degrees of B-rich fluid-rock (granite or carbonate) interaction. Trace element variations in tourmaline are principally governed by local fluid-rock interactions and melt/fluid compositions in a low fO2 environment. Late-magmatic tourmaline (Tur-I) and hydrothermal tourmaline (Tur-V) related to vein-type Sn-Pb-Zn mineralization have similar Ca, Na, Al, Mg, Fe, and REE + Y contents, indicating that magmatic-hydrothermal exsolution controls Sn-Pb-Zn enrichment. This process occurs in a reducing environment without significant water–rock reactions, demonstrating that high fO2 or acid-consuming reactions are unnecessary for cassiterite precipitation. Variations in water–rock reactions between magmatic fluids and the carbonates cause differences in tourmaline elemental concentrations (e.g., Ca, Al, and Pb) between the magmatic and skarn phases. There are two main paths of tin mineralization in the Xianghualing deposit: (1) fluorine- and boron-rich fluid exsolution at the magmatic-hydrothermal transition stage is crucial for releasing tin and forming cassiterite during the direct cooling process; (2) fluid-rock interaction between tin-bearing magmatic fluids and carbonates facilitates the precipitation of cassiterite. The small variation in δ11B values for all types of tourmaline (-14.8 to −11.6 ‰) suggests that B-rich fluids are mainly derived from magmatic differentiation and fluid exsolution, with insignificant B isotopic fractionation. Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution at the Xianghualing Sn-polymetallic deposit can be unraveled by using the element and B-isotope fingerprints of tourmaline, which might be used as a prospecting aid for Sn-polymetallic deposits.
•Mebendazole was first used as template to synthesize a MIP for benzimidazoles.•Its recognition mechanism for 8 drugs was studied by computation simulation.•The MIP was used to prepare a ...chemiluminescence sensor on 96-well microplate.•The sensor can simultaneously determine 8 benzimidazoles in meat sample.•The sensor achieves ultrahigh sensitivity (pg/mL) and can be reused for 4 times.
In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer capable of recognizing 8 benzimidazoles was first synthesized. The computation simulation showed that the shape and size of used template were the main factors influencing its recognition ability. Then the polymer was used as recognition reagent to prepare a chemiluminescence sensor on conventional 96-well microplate. The sample solution and a HRP-labeled hapten were added into the microplate wells to perform competitive binding, and the light signal was initiated with 4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenol enhanced luminol-H2O2 system. The optimized sensor was used to determine the residues of 8 benzimidazoles in mutton and beef. Result showed that the sensor achieved ultrahigh sensitivity (limits of detection of 1.5–21 pg/mL), rapid assay process (18 min) and satisfactory recovery (65.8%–91.2%). Furthermore, this sensor could be reused for 4 times. Therefore, this sensor could be used as a rapid, simple, sensitive and durable tool for screening the residual benzimidazoles in meat.
Full-length cDNA clones of Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) RNA1 and RNA2 were produced from single reverse transcription PCR reactions and transcripts were shown to be infectious in both wheat and ...Nicotiana benthamiana. An efficient and reliable agro-infiltration method was then developed for reverse genetic assays in N. benthamiana. Inoculation of infectious cDNA clones resulted in obvious chlorotic symptoms, and CWMV viral genomic RNAs, capsid protein (CP)-related proteins, and typical rod-shaped particles were detectable on the inoculated and upper leaves, similar to those of WT virus. The optimal temperature for virus multiplication was 12 °C, but the optimum for systematic infection in plants was 17 °C. Mutant clones that abolished the N- or C-terminal extensions of the major CP did not inhibit systemic infection or the formation of rod-shaped particles but sometimes modified the symptoms in inoculated plants. These results suggest that the two minor CP-related proteins of CWMV are dispensable for viral infection, replication, systemic movement and virion assembly in plants.
Impact of pandemic on the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in non-COVID-19 patients is undetermined. Thus, a nationwide multicenter retrospective survey was conducted to evaluate the disease ...burden in non-COVID-19 population. This multi-center survey involved 94 hospitals from 24 provinces in the mainland of China, and collected data on non-COVID-19 patients admitted to the radiology departments due to VTE between January 24 and April 16, 2020. Baseline characteristics, VTE risk factors, clinical manifestations and the treatments were compared with those in the same period of 2019. 3,358 patients with VTE from 74 hospitals were included in this study (1,458 in 2020, 1,900 in 2019). Most aged ≥ 50 years (80.6% in the pandemic, 81.2% in 2019). The number of patients aged 30–39 years increased from 3.9% in 2019 period to 5.8% in the pandemic (
p
= 0.009). Among the VTE risk factors, the rate of decreased activity increased significantly in the pandemic, and was much higher than that in 2019 (30.7% vs 22.6%,
p
< 0.0001). Under the risk of decreased activity, patients with comorbidities chronic diseases, especially diabetes, showed significantly a higher incidence of VTE (30.4% vs 22.0%,
p
< 0.0001). In the pandemic period, fewer patients were treated with anticoagulation alone (33.5% vs 36.7%, p = 0.05), and more underwent inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) implantation, compared with those in 2019 (66.5% vs 63.2%, p = 0.046). The pandemic increased the VTE risk of decreased activity among the non-COVID-19 population. Patients with comorbidities, especially diabetes, have a significant higher risk of VTE during the pandemic.
Omega-3 treatment studies for multi-episode schizophrenia or clinical high risk for conversion to psychosis states have had variable, and often negative, results. To examine adjunctive omega-3 ...treatment for recent onset psychosis, participants aged 15–40 years with recent onset schizophrenia-spectrum (n = 46) or bipolar (n = 4) disorders and current psychotic symptoms were treated for 16 weeks with risperidone and randomly-assigned omega-3 (EPA 740 mg and DHA 400 mg daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome measure was the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total score. Mean lifetime antipsychotic exposure was 18.1 days. Length of time in treatment, risperidone dose and number of omega-3/placebo capsules taken did not differ between conditions. Longitudinal analysis of the total BPRS score revealed a trend level (p = 0.0826) treatment effect favoring omega-3 treatment. Lorazepam was an allowed concomitant medication. Among the subgroup (N = 23) who did not receive lorazepam, the treatment effect on BPRS total scores favoring omega-3 was significant (p = 0.0406) and factor scores analyses revealed a substantial decrease in depression-anxiety with omega-3 but no change with placebo (treatment-by-time interaction, p = 0.0184). Motor side effects did not differ between conditions. Analysis of Systematic Assessment for Treatment Emergent Events assessments revealed fewer adverse events overall with omega-3 compared with placebo with the largest differences between conditions (all favoring omega-3) on confusion, anxiety, depression, irritability, and tiredness/fatigue. These results suggest that omega-3 adjuvant treatment is a potential option for depression and anxiety symptoms of people with recent onset psychosis. Further research is needed to confirm this potential.
Clinical trial registration: NCT01786239
The fruits of Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (TB) are used as a multi-use therapeutic herbal product in the Tibetan medicinal system and are prescribed as a general health tonic in the ...traditional Ayurvedic medicinal system. It has been demonstrated that these fruits have a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and immunoregulatory effects, etc. However, the therapeutic effects of tannins in TB on HCC and the underlying mechanisms remain uncharacterized. In the current study, we aimed to identify the anti-tumor effect of tannins in TB by employing a H22 xenograft mouse model and by performing cell-based in vitro studies with the assistance of the network pharmacology analysis. The crude extract of TB was purified to yield total tannin fraction (TB-TF), and our results found that TB-TF significantly inhibited the tumor growth of H22 xenografts in mice by inducing apoptosis and reducing angiogenesis. A total of 90 compounds were then identified in TB-TF by UPLC-MS/MS, and 27 were found in serum after oral administration of TB-TF in mice. The network pharmacology analysis based on these absorbed components was performed and, along with experimental evidence, it revealed that the ERBB, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways may be involved in the anti-tumor effect of TB-TF on HCC. Furthermore, we suggested that TB-TF effectively modulated the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in H22 xenograft mice. In summary, our study demonstrated that TB-TF could be developed as a functional food, which is not only a promising anti-cancer reagent but also a potential candidate with bright prospects for the emerging trends of immunotherapy for HCC.
In this review, the syntheses, structures and potential applications of the transition metal and main group metal complexes of a specific ziwitterionic thiolate ligand, ...4-(trimethylammonio)benzenethiolate (Tab) are summarized. More than 130 metal/Tab complexes are collected and categorized and their specific syntheses and structures are briefly illustrated. The trends in the structures of the metal/Tab complexes over the various nuclearities and coordination numbers are discussed. The physicochemical properties and potential applications of some metal/Tab complexes are highlighted.
Display omitted
•More than 130 metal/Tab complexes were synthesized.•Metal/Tab complexes were classified according to the metal elements.•The pertinent structural aspects of the metal/Tab complexes were illustrated.•Reactivity of the specific metal/Tab complexes towards donor ligands were described.•The potential applications of some metal/Tab complexes were highlighted.
This review summarizes the syntheses, crystal structures and applications of metal complexes with a specific zwitterionic thiolate ligand, 4-(trimethylammonio)benzenethiolate (Tab). The chemistry of Tab with transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg), main group metals (In, Pb, Bi) and in heterometallic systems is described. The most significant structural features of the metal/Tab complexes are summarized and trends are discussed as a function of nuclearity and coordination numbers. The reactivity of specific metal/Tab complexes towards N- and P- donor ligands, organic acids, inorganic anions and metal ions is discussed. The luminescence and dielectric properties of the metal/Tab complexes and their applications as fluorescent biosensors and precursors to metal nanoparticles and catalysts for organic transformations are also illustrated.
Objective
To compare the effectiveness and safety of single-port versus multi-port laparoscopic surgery for treating liver diseases.
Methods
Several databases were systematically searched for ...randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case–control studies on the use of single-port versus multi-port laparoscopic surgery to treat liver diseases from their inception until March 24, 2016. The primary outcomes were the operative time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, rate of postoperative complications, median length of postoperative stay, recovery time of gastrointestinal function, volume of postoperative drainage, and postoperative drainage time. The study-specific effect sizes and their 95 % confidence interval were all combined to calculate the pooled value by using a random-effects model.
Results
A total of nine studies were included, which involved 277 patients. The total and subgroup data were combined by meta-analysis. This meta-analysis showed that single-port and multi-port laparoscopic liver surgery for treating liver diseases did not differ in terms of operative time (
P
= 0.48), rate of postoperative complications (
P
= 0.56), median length of postoperative stay (
P
= 0.80), and recovery time of gastrointestinal function (
P
= 0.54). For liver diseases, the single-port group exhibited a lower volume of intraoperative blood loss than that presented by the multi-port group (
P
= 0.0006). In the hepatic resection subgroup, a lower volume of intraoperative blood loss was noted in the single-port group (
P
< 0.0001). By contrast, in the hepatic cyst subgroup, the single-port group showed a higher volume of intraoperative blood loss (
P
= 0.02) but a shorter median length of postoperative stay (
P
= 0.02). The findings of the potential subgroup analysis in these outcomes were consistent with the total data.
Conclusion
Compared with multi-port laparoscopic surgery, the single-port method showed comparable effectiveness and safety for the treatment of liver diseases in terms of current evidence.
Secoisolariciresinol (SECO) is one of the major lignans occurring in various grains, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the biotransformation of dietary ...lignans into enterolignans, which might exhibit more potent bioactivities than the precursor lignans. This study aimed to identify, synthesize, and evaluate the microbial metabolites of SECO and to develop efficient lead compounds from the metabolites for the treatment of osteoporosis. SECO was fermented with human gut microbiota in anaerobic or micro-aerobic environments at different time points. Samples derived from microbial transformation were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomics approach for metabolite identification. Nine metabolites were identified and synthesized. Their effects on cell viability, osteoblastic differentiation, and gene expression were examined. The results showed that five of the microbial metabolites exerted potential osteogenic effects similar to those of SECO or better. The results suggested that the enterolignans might account for the osteoporotic effects of SECO in vivo. Thus, the presence of the gut microbiota could offer a good way to form diverse enterolignans with bone-protective effects. The current study improves our understanding of the microbial transformation products of SECO and provides new approaches for new candidate identification in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Gd and Yb elements have high chemical stability, which can stabilize the solid solution in ZrO2. Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 have high melting points, and good oxidation resistance in extreme environments, ...stable chemical properties. Therefore, Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 were added to ZrO2 to stabilize oxides, improve the high temperature stability, and effectively decrease the thermal conductivity at high temperature. In this work, 5 wt% Yb2O3 and 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt% Gd2O3 were doped into 8 wt% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ) powders as thermal barrier coating materials, and sintered at 1650 °C for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h. The effects of Gd2O3 addition on the microstructure, density, thermal conductivity, hardness, and fracture toughness of Gd2O3-Yb2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2 (GYYZO) bulk composite ceramics were investigated. It was found that the densification of the 8YSZ bulk and GYYZO bulk with 15 wt% Gd2O3 reached 96.89% and 96.22% sintered at 1650 °C for 24 h. With the increase of Gd2O3 addition, the hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of the GYYZO bulk increased and the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of the GYYZO bulk decreased. GYYZO bulk with 15 wt% Gd2O3 sintered at 1650 °C for 24h had the highest hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of 15.61 GPa, 306.88 GPa, 7.822 MPa·m0.5, and the lowest thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of 1.04 W/(m·k) and 7.89 × 10−6/°C at 1100 °C, respectively. The addition of Gd2O3 into YSZ could not only effectively reduce the thermal conductivity but also improve the mechanical properties, which would improve the thermal barrier coatings’ performances further.
PDF
