China is currently vigorously implementing the “energy conservation and emission reduction” and “dual carbon” strategies. As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China, Magnesium (Mg) ...alloy is progressively expanding its application in automobile, rail transportation, aerospace, medical, and electronic products. Chongqing University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, and Australian National University have conducted extensive research on the preparation, properties, and processes of Mg alloys. In the past 20 years, the proportion of Mg alloy in the automotive industry has gradually expanded, whereas currently the design and development of Mg alloy parts for automobiles has rarely been reported. Thus, the application models and typical parts cases of Mg alloy are summarized mainly from the four systems of the whole vehicle (body system, chassis system, powertrain system, interior, and exterior system). Subsequently, two actual original equipment manufacturers (OEM) cases are used to introduce the development logic of reliable die-cast Mg alloy, including forward design, formability analysis, process design analysis, structural redesign, manufacturing, and testing, aiming to share the methods, processes, and focus of attention of automotive OEMs for developing Mg alloy parts to enhance the confidence and motivation of applying Mg alloy in automotive field. Eventually, the multiple challenges faced by Mg alloy materials are sorted out and how to face these challenges are discussed. National policies and regulations, environmental protection and energy saving, and consumer demand will continue to promote the application of Mg.
Purpose/Significance By jointly mining multiple diaries related to National South-west Associated University (NSAU), a social network graph of NSAU that integrates information from multiple sources ...is constructed. The aim is to discover more potential social relationships through joint mining of multiple diaries, and break through the limitations of single diary social network mining. Method/Process Using multiple diaries related to NSAU from 1938 to 1941 as corpus, Python program is used to count co-occurrence relationships of characters, and Gephi is used to construct multi-diary social network graph. Through social network analysis methods, the network topology features, character centrality features and character group features based on modularity and K-core are analyzed and discussed. Result/Conclusion Compared with independent diary mining, multi-diary social network joint mining showed more obvious network structure features, more decentralized and rich social relationship information, which can
The novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to a series of clinical symptoms and severe illnesses, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ...fatal organ failure. We report the fundamental pathological investigation in the lungs and other organs of fatal cases for the mechanistic understanding of severe COVID-19 and the development of specific therapy in these cases.
The autopsy and pathological investigations of specimens were performed on bodies of two deceased cases with COVID-19. Gross anatomy and histological investigation by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained were reviewed on each patient. Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining and Masson staining were performed for the examinations of mucus, fibrin and collagen fiber in lung tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the slides of lung tissues from two patients. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the infection of SARS-CoV-2. Flow cytometry analyses were performed to detect the direct binding of S protein and the expression of ACE2 on the cell surface of macrophages.
The main pathological features in lungs included extensive impairment of type I alveolar epithelial cells and atypical hyperplasia of type II alveolar cells, with formation of hyaline membrane, focal hemorrhage, exudation and pulmonary edema, and pulmonary consolidation. The mucous plug with fibrinous exudate in the alveoli and the dysfunction of alveolar macrophages were characteristic abnormalities. The type II alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages in alveoli and pulmonary hilum lymphoid tissue were infected by SARS-CoV-2. S protein of SARS-CoV-2 directly bound to the macrophage via the S-protein-ACE2 interaction.
Infection of alveolar macrophage by SARS-CoV-2 might be drivers of the “cytokine storm”, which might result in damages in pulmonary tissues, heart and lung, and lead to the failure of multiple organs .
Shanghai Guangci Translational Medical Research Development Foundation, Shanghai, China
Tinnitus has a complex etiology that involves auditory and non-auditory factors and may be accompanied by hyperacusis, anxiety and cognitive changes. Thus far, investigations of the interrelationship ...between tinnitus and auditory and non-auditory impairment have yielded conflicting results. To further address this issue, we noise exposed rats and assessed them for tinnitus using a gap detection behavioral paradigm combined with statistically-driven analysis to diagnose tinnitus in individual rats. We also tested rats for hearing detection, responsivity, and loss using prepulse inhibition and auditory brainstem response, and for spatial cognition and anxiety using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. We found that our tinnitus diagnosis method reliably separated noise-exposed rats into tinnitus((+)) and tinnitus((-)) groups and detected no evidence of tinnitus in tinnitus((-)) and control rats. In addition, the tinnitus((+)) group demonstrated enhanced startle amplitude, indicating hyperacusis-like behavior. Despite these results, neither tinnitus, hyperacusis nor hearing loss yielded any significant effects on spatial learning and memory or anxiety, though a majority of rats with the highest anxiety levels had tinnitus. These findings showed that we were able to develop a clinically relevant tinnitus((+)) group and that our diagnosis method is sound. At the same time, like clinical studies, we found that tinnitus does not always result in cognitive-emotional dysfunction, although tinnitus may predispose subjects to certain impairment like anxiety. Other behavioral assessments may be needed to further define the relationship between tinnitus and anxiety, cognitive deficits, and other impairments.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hearing loss is a major risk factor for tinnitus, hyperacusis, and central auditory processing disorder. Although recent studies indicate that hearing loss causes neuroinflammation in the auditory ...pathway, the mechanisms underlying hearing loss-related pathologies are still poorly understood. We examined neuroinflammation in the auditory cortex following noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and its role in tinnitus in rodent models. Our results indicate that NIHL is associated with elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines and microglial activation-two defining features of neuroinflammatory responses-in the primary auditory cortex (AI). Genetic knockout of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or pharmacologically blocking TNF-α expression prevented neuroinflammation and ameliorated the behavioral phenotype associated with tinnitus in mice with NIHL. Conversely, infusion of TNF-α into AI resulted in behavioral signs of tinnitus in both wild-type and TNF-α knockout mice with normal hearing. Pharmacological depletion of microglia also prevented tinnitus in mice with NIHL. At the synaptic level, the frequency of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs) increased and that of miniature inhibitory synaptic currents (mIPSCs) decreased in AI pyramidal neurons in animals with NIHL. This excitatory-to-inhibitory synaptic imbalance was completely prevented by pharmacological blockade of TNF-α expression. These results implicate neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target for treating tinnitus and other hearing loss-related disorders.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Foods contaminated by foodborne pathogens have always been a great threat to human life. Herein, we constructed an electrochemical immunosensor for Salmonella detection by using a Fe3O4@graphene ...modified electrode. Because of the excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical stability of graphene and the large specific surface area of Fe3O4, the Fe3O4@graphene nanocomposite exhibits an excellent electrical signal, which greatly increased the sensitivity of the immunosensor. Gold nanoparticles were deposited on Fe3O4@graphene nanocomposite by electrochemical technology for the immobilization of the antibody. Cyclic voltammetry was selected to electrochemically characterize the construction process of immunosensors. The microstructure and morphology of related nanocomposites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Under optimized experimental conditions, a good linear relationship was achieved in the Salmonella concentration range of 2.4 × 102 to 2.4 × 107 cfu/mL, and the limit of detection of the immunosensor was 2.4 × 102 cfu/mL. Additionally, the constructed immunosensor exhibited acceptable selectivity, reproducibility, and stability and provides a new reference for detecting pathogenic bacteria in milk.
Seeking online health information (OHI) has become a common practice globally. The information seekers could face health risks if they are not proficient in OHI literacy. The OHI-seeking behaviors ...and skills of Chinese college students, the largest proportion of college students in the world, are understudied. This study was aimed to describe OHI-seeking behaviors and skills of college students in Guangdong, China.
College students in the Guangdong province with OHI-seeking experience were invited via WeChat, QQ, and Sina Weibo using QR code posters and flyers for participation in this online anonymized questionnaire-based study. Data on demographics, OHI literacy, information resources, search approaches, and behaviors were collected. The relationship between perceived OHI literacy and high-risk behaviors was investigated by bivariate logistic regression analysis.
Respondents were 1203 college students with a mean age of 20.6 years, females (60.2%), and undergraduates (97.2%). They sought health information via websites (20.3%), WeChat (2.6%), or both (77.1%). Baidu was the main search engine, and baike.baidu.com (80.3%), Zhihu.com (48.4%), and Zhidao.baidu.com (35.8%) were top three among 20 searched websites for information about self-care (80.7%), general health (79.5%), disease prevention (77.7%), self-medication (61.2%), family treatment (40.9%), drugs (37.7%), western medications (26.6%), hospitals (22.7%), physicians (21.4%), and Traditional Chinese Medicine (15.6%). Despite most respondents (78%) lacked confidence in the evidence quality and satisfaction with the results, only 32.4% further consulted doctors. Many (> 50%) would recommend the retrieved information to others. About 20% experienced hacking/Internet fraud. Cronbach's alpha for the internal consistency of OHI literacy was 0.786. Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that students who believed they can judge the evidence level of OHI were more likely to self-diagnose (OR = 2.2, 95%CI, 1.6-3.1) and look for drug usage (OR = 3.1, 95%CI, 1.9-5.0).
This study reveals Chinese college students' heavy reliance on OHI to manage their own and others' health without sufficient knowledge/skills to identify misinformation and disinformation. The apparent risky information-seeking behaviors of Chinese college students warrant the provision of regulated, accurate, and actionable health information; assurance of cybersecurity; and health information literacy promotion in colleges by concerned authorities.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, a geomagnetic matching navigation method that utilizes the geomagnetic vector is developed, which can greatly improve the matching probability and positioning precision, even when the ...geomagnetic entropy information in the matching region is small or the geomagnetic contour line's variety is obscure. The vector iterative closest contour point (VICCP) algorithm that is proposed here has better adaptability with the positioning error characteristics of the inertial navigation system (INS), where the rigid transformation in ordinary ICCP is replaced with affine transformation. In a subsequent step, a geomagnetic vector information fusion algorithm based on Bayesian statistical analysis is introduced into VICCP to improve matching performance further. Simulations based on the actual geomagnetic reference map have been performed for the validation of the proposed algorithm.
Highlights • Blast induces delayed increases in spontaneous firing in the auditory cortex of rats with tinnitus. • Blast induces delayed increases in bursting in the auditory cortex of rats with ...tinnitus. • Blast-induced hyperactivity and increases in bursting in the auditory cortex may be related to chronic tinnitus. • The results suggest that blast-induced hyperactivity in the brainstem is responsible for acute tinnitus.
Salmonella, as a common foodborne pathogen in dairy products, poses a great threat to human health. We studied a new detection method based on quantum dots (QD). A fluorescent biosensor with multiple ...fluorescent signal amplification based on a streptavidin (SA) biotin system and the polyamino linear polymer poly-l-lysine (PLL) were established to detect Salmonella in milk. First, Salmonella was captured on a black 96-well plate with paired Salmonella mAb to form a double-antibody sandwich. Second, SA was immobilized on biotin-modified mAb by SA-biotin specific bond. Then, the biotin-modified polylysine (BT-PLL) was bound on SA and specifically bonded again through the SA-biotin system. Finally, water-soluble CdSe/ZnS QD-labeled SA was added to a black 96-well plate for covalent coupling with BT-PLL. The fluorescent signal was amplified in a dendritic manner by the layer-by-layer overlap of SA and biotin and the covalent coupling of biotinylated PLL. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit was 4.9 × 103 cfu/mL in PBS. The detection limit was 10 times better than that of the conventional sandwich ELISA. In addition, the proposed biosensor was well specific and could be used for detecting Salmonella in milk samples.
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