A sudden cooling in the early spring or late autumn negatively impacts the plant growth and development. Although a number of studies have characterized the role of the transcription factors (TFs) of ...plant R2R3-myeloblastosis (R2R3-MYB) in response to biotic and abiotic stress, plant growth, and primary and specific metabolisms, much less is known about their role in
Rosa multiflora
under chilling stress. In the present study,
RmMYB108
, which encodes a nuclear-localized R2R3-MYB TF with a self-activation activity, was identified based on the earlier published RNA-seq data of
R. multiflora
plants exposed to short-term low-temperature stress and also on the results of prediction of the gene function referring
Arabidopsis
. The
RmMYB108
gene was induced by stress due to chilling, salt, and drought and was expressed in higher levels in the roots than in the leaves. The heterologous expression of
RmMYB108
in
Arabidopsis thaliana
significantly enhanced the tolerance of transgenic plants to freezing, water deficit, and high salinity, enabling higher survival and growth rates, earlier flowering and silique formation, and better seed quantity and quality compared with the wild-type (WT) plants. When exposed to a continuous low-temperature stress at 4°C, transgenic
Arabidopsis
lines–overexpressing
RmMYB108
showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, lower relative conductivity, and lower malondialdehyde content than the WT. Moreover, the initial fluorescence (
F
o
) and maximum photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II (
F
v
/
F
m
) changed more dramatically in the WT than in transgenic plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of cold-related genes involved in the
ICE1 (Inducer of CBF expression 1)-CBFs (C-repeat binding factors)-CORs (Cold regulated genes)
cascade were higher in the overexpression lines than in the WT. These results suggest that
RmMYB108
was positively involved in the tolerance responses when
R. multiflora
was exposed to challenges against cold, freeze, salt, or drought and improved the cold tolerance of transgenic
Arabidopsis
by reducing plant damage and promoting plant growth.
The environmental tax has been extensively examined as a well-accepted environmental policy. However, few studies have examined the regulatory effects of informal environmental regulation measures, ...such as environmental information disclosure (EID) under environmental taxes. This study uses an environmental computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to test this effect in China empirically. Our results show that improvements in EID have a “double dividend” regulatory effect of strengthening pollutant emissions reduction and stimulating economic growth under environmental taxes, but this effect displays significant temporal and industrial heterogeneities. The enhancing effect of EID on exhaust gas emissions reduction is more significant in the short run (−0.08% for SO2; −0.08% for NOX), whereas its economic stimulus effect is more prominent in the long run (0.09% for GDP). Nevertheless, improved EID has a weakening effect on wastewater discharge reduction. Improved EID quality can improve output for 64% and 93% of industries in the short and long term, respectively. However, significant non-uniformity is observed. In addition, improved EID quality can cause the energy consumption structure to shift from high-emissions coal toward other relatively cleaner alternatives in the long run. The study highlights that EID would be a beneficial supplement to formal environmental regulation measures.
•Improvements in EID have a “double dividend” effect under environmental taxes.•The regulatory effect of EID displays significant temporal and industrial heterogeneities.•The enhancing effect of EID on pollutants reduction is more significant in the short run.•The economic stimulus effect of EID is more prominent in the long run.•EID would be a beneficial supplement to formal environmental regulations.
In this paper, the heterostructure of MoS2/WS2 was prepared by a hydrothermal method; the n-n heterostructure was demonstrated using TEM combined with Mott-Schottky analysis. The valence and ...conduction band positions were further identified by the XPS valence band spectra. The NH3-sensing properties were assessed at room temperature by changing the mass ratio of the MoS2 and WS2 components. The 50 wt%-MoS2/WS2 sample exhibited the best performance, with a peak response of 23643% to NH3 at a concentration of 500 ppm, a minimum detection limit of 20 ppm, and a fast recovery time of 2.6 s. Furthermore, the composites-based sensors demonstrated an excellent humidity immune property with less than one order of magnitude in the humidity range of 11–95% RH, revealing the practical application value of these sensors. These results suggest that the MoS2/WS2 heterojunction is an intriguing candidate for fabricating NH3 sensors.
In the agricultural zones of the arid Xinjiang region of China, reducing irrigation is mandatory. However, irrigation affects the composition and diversity of the soil bacterial community which is ...vital to crop yield. To the best of our knowledge, very little research has been conducted on the relationships among the soil bacterial community, irrigation method, and yield as well as their underlying in jujube agroecosystems. Here, we investigated the soil physicochemistry and bacterial communities in jujube fields subjected to drip irrigation (DI) and traditional flood irrigation (FI), and their associations with yield at the flowering and fruit set (FFS) and end-of-growth (EG) stages. Under DI, the jujube yield was 8712.00 ± 24.54 kg/hm2, which was 7.64% higher than that obtained under FI (8094.33 ± 43.67 kg/hm2). DI increased the relative soil bacteria community diversity by decreasing the moisture content and increasing the nutrient levels in the soil. DI also transformed the soil bacterial community so that Bacteroidota predominated at the FFS stage and the probiotics Chloroflexi and Firmicutes predominated at the EG stage. A co-occurrence network analysis showed that DI created stable complex Soil bacteria communities in jujube fields, Though Dependentiae and Deferriberota had low relative abundance, they were nonetheless key nodes in the soil bacterial community network. A neutral community model (NCM) revealed that stochastic processes drove the soil bacterial community assembly whereas DI promoted deterministic processes by regulating the soil moisture content and nutrient levels. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) disclosed that DI affected the soil bacterial community structure by decreasing the moisture content (−0.342 **) and increasing the nutrient levels (0.557 **) in the soil. The PLS-PM also demonstrated that the observed change in the soil bacterial community structure was the main reason for the increase in jujube yield (1.098 **). The present work provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the correlations between the soil bacterial community and crop yield in response to changes in the irrigation method.
Diets high in sugar are recognized as a serious health problem, and there is a drive to reduce their consumption. Steviol glycosides are natural zero-calorie sweeteners, but the most desirable ones ...are biosynthesized with low yields. UGT76G1 catalyzes the β (1-3) addition of glucose to steviol glycosides, which gives them the preferred taste. UGT76G1 is able to transfer glucose to multiple steviol substrates yet remains highly specific in the glycosidic linkage it creates. Here, we report multiple complex structures of the enzyme combined with biochemical data, which reveal that the enzyme utilizes hydrophobic interactions for substrate recognition. The lack of a strict three-dimensional recognition arrangement, typical of hydrogen bonds, permits two different orientations for β (1-3) sugar addition. The use of hydrophobic recognition is unusual in a regio- and stereo-specific catalysis. Harnessing such non-specific hydrophobic interactions could have wide applications in the synthesis of complex glycoconjugates.
Background In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors in patients with rectal anastomotic re-leakage and develop a prediction model to predict the probability of rectal anastomotic ...re-leakage after stoma closure. Methods This study was a single-center retrospective analysis of patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery between January 2010 and December 2020. Among 3225 patients who underwent Total or Partial Mesorectal Excision (TME/PME) surgery for rectal cancer, 129 who experienced anastomotic leakage following stoma closure were enrolled. Risk factors for rectal anastomotic re-leakage were analyzed, and a prediction model was established for rectal anastomotic re-leakage. Results Anastomotic re-leakage after stoma closure developed in 13.2% (17/129) of patients. Multivariable analysis revealed that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (odds ratio, 4.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-14.21; p = 0.03), blood loss > 50 ml (odds ratio, 4.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-15.63; p = 0.02), and intersphincteric resection (intersphincteric resection vs. low anterior resection: odds ratio, 6.85; 95% confidence interval, 2.01-23.36; p = 0.002) were independent risk factors for anastomotic re-leakage. A nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of anastomotic re-leakage, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.828 in the cohort. Predictive results correlated with the actual results according to the calibration curve. Conclusions Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, blood loss > 50 ml, and intersphincteric resection are independent risk factors for anastomotic re-leakage following stoma closure. The nomogram can help surgeons identify patients at a higher risk of rectal anastomotic re-leakage. Keywords: Rectal cancer surgery, Anastomotic re-leakage, Stoma closure, Nomogram
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we ...explored how irrigation and drainage modes (flood irrigation, drip irrigation, and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation) improve the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China. We aimed to study the transport characteristics of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage modes, and analyze the effects of the combination of irrigation and drainage on soil salt leaching, as well as its impacts on the growth of oil sunflower. Our results show that sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil salt content and soil water content at the 0–200 cm soil depth. Under sub-surface pipe drainage combined with drip irrigation, the mean soil salt content was reduced to below 10 g/kg after the second irrigation, and the soil salt content decreased as sub-surface pipe distance decreased. The mean soil salt content of flood irrigation exceeded 25 g/kg, and the mean soil desalination efficiency was 3.28%, which was lower than that of drip irrigation. The mean soil desalination rate under drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation was 19.30% and 58.12%, respectively. After sub-surface drainage regulation under drip irrigation, the germination percentage of oil sunflower seedlings was increased to more than 50%, which further confirmed that combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage is very effective in improving the quality of saline-alkali soil and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops.
The tribological characteristics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) under unsaturated lubrication of water and brine were studied. The friction coefficients and wear rates of UHMWPE ...at different applied loads and sliding speeds were recorded by field tests, and the effects of load and speed on the friction properties of UHMWPE were analyzed. The results showed that under certain liquid drop (about 150–170 mL/h) lubrication, the tribological behaviors of UHMWPE were better than those of dry sliding, and the friction coefficient and wear rate of UHMWPE were reduced by more than 39% and 10% respectively. The lubrication form of UHMWPE gradually transited from saturated lubrication to unsaturated lubrication with the increase in applied load or sliding speed. The evaporation of water caused by frictional heat affected the water content between the surface of UHMWPE and the counterface, which was the main reason for the change in the lubrication form. In the current work, the critical values for the change of lubrication mode were 70 N and 700 r/min for load and speed, respectively, beyond which UHMWPE was in unsaturated lubrication. Under brine-unsaturated lubrication, the anti-friction property of UHMWPE was better than that in water-unsaturated lubrication at high speed because the precipitated salt granules played a ball effect, which was opposite to that under saturated lubrication. The study of the wear resistance with surface profiler showed that the wear rate of UHMWPE under water-unsaturated lubrication was 9% lower than that under brine-unsaturated lubrication at 110 N load. While the wear resistance of UHMWPE under brine-unsaturated lubrication was better than that in water-unsaturated lubrication at high speed, the wear rate of UHMWPE under brine-unsaturated lubrication was 10% lower than that under water-unsaturated lubrication at 1100 r/min speed.
Excess copper (Cu) imparts negative effects on plant growth and productivity in soil. To develop the ability of O. biennis to govern pollution soil containing excessive Cu, we investigated seed ...germination, seedling growth, and seed yield. Furthermore, Cu content and the expression levels of Cu transport related genes in different tissues were measured under exogenous high concentration Cu. O. biennis seeds were sensitive to excess Cu, with an observed reduction in the germination rate, primary root length, fresh weight, and number of seeds germinated daily. Consecutive Cu stress did not cause fatal damage to evening primrose, yet it slowed down plant growth slightly by reducing the leaf water, chlorophyll, plant yield, and seed oil contents while increasing the soluble sugar, proline, malondialdehyde, and H2O2 contents. The Cu content in different organs of O. biennis was disrupted by excess Cu. In particular, the Cu content in O. biennis seeds and seed oil increased and subsequently decreased with the increase of exogenous Cu, reaching a peak under 600 mg·kg−1 consecutive Cu. Furthermore, the 4-month 900 mg·kg−1 Cu treatment did not induce the excessive accumulation of Cu in peels, seeds, and seed oil, maintaining the Cu content within the range required by the Chinese National Food Safety Standards. The treatment also resulted in an upregulation of Cu-uptake (ObCOPT5, ObZIP4, and ObYSL2) and vigorous efflux (ObHMA1) of transport genes, of which expression levels were significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the Cu content. Among all organs, the stem replaced the root as the organ exhibited the greatest ability to absorb and store Cu, and even the Cu transport genes could still function continuously in stem under excess Cu. This work identified a species that can tolerate high Cu content in soil while maintaining a high yield. Furthermore, the results revealed the enrichment of Cu to occur primarily in the O. biennis stem rather than the seeds and peel under excess Cu.
•Oenothera biennis had strong resistance of copper toxicity.•Excess Cu caused copper enrichment in O. biennis stems mainly.•Edible O. biennis seeds did not accumulate excessive copper.•Copper transporters activity was disrupted by excess Cu.
Phytophthora capsici causes a severe soil-borne disease in a wide variety of vegetables; to date, no effective strategies to control P. capsici have been developed. Liquiritin (LQ) is a natural ...flavonoid found in licorice (Glycyrrhiza spp.) root, and it is used in pharmaceuticals. However, the antifungal activity of LQ against P. capsici remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that LQ inhibits P. capsici mycelial growth and sporangial development. In addition, the EC50 of LQ was 658.4 mg/L and LQ caused P. capsici sporangia to shrink and collapse. Next, LQ severely damaged the cell membrane integrity, leading to a 2.0–2.5-fold increase in relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde concentration, and a 65–70% decrease in sugar content. Additionally, the H2O2 content was increased about 2.0–2.5 fold, but the total antioxidant activity, catalase activity and laccase activity were attenuated by 40–45%, 30–35% and 70–75%. LQ also induced autophagy, apoptosis, and reduction of intracellular Ca2+ content. Furthermore, LQ inhibited P. capsici pathogenicity by reducing the expression of virulence genes PcCRN4 and Pc76RTF, and stimulating the plant defense (including the activated transcriptional expression of defense-related genes CaPR1, CaDEF1, and CaSAR82, and the increased antioxidant enzyme activity). Our results not only elucidate the antifungal mechanism of LQ but also suggest a promising alternative to commercial fungicides or a key compound in the development of new fungicides for the control of the Phytophthora disease.
•Liquiritin inhibited mycelial growth, sporangial development, and pathogenicity.•Mycelial growth was inhibited through autophagy, apoptosis, and membrane damage.•Liquiritin lowered intracellular Ca2+ and sugar content in P. capsici.•Liquiritin inhibited P. capsici pathogenicity and induced the plant defense.
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