Background Although clinical treatment for heart failure and sudden death has been improved over the last few decades, the morbidity and mortality of dilated cardiomyopathy （DCM） have increased. So a ...better understanding of the underlying molecular events leading to DCM is urgent. Persistent viral infection （especially coxsackievirus group B3） of the myocardium in viral myocarditis and DCM has never been neglected by experts. Recent data indicate that the up-regulation of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor （CAR） in viral cardiomyopathy contributes to viral infection as a key factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study aimed to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of CAR in DCM by the bioinformatic method. Methods We identified the clusters of genes co-expressed with CAR by clustering algorithm based on the public available microarray dataset of DCM （Kittleson, et al. 2005）, and mapped these genes into the protein-protein interaction networks to investigate the interaction relationship to each other at the protein level after confirming that the samples are characterized by the cluster of genes in correctly partitioning. Results The gene cluster GENESET 11 containing 33 genes including CAR with similar expression pattern was identified by cluster algorithm, of which 19 genes were found to have interaction information of the protein encoded by them in the current human protein interaction database. Especially, 12 genes present as critical nodes （called HUB node） at the protein level are involved in energy metabolism, signal transduction, viral infection, immuno-response, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, tissue repair, etc. Conclusions The genes in GENESET 11 together with CAR may play a pathogenic role in the development of DCM, mainly involved in the mechanism of energy metabolism, signal transduction, viral infection, immuno-response, cell apoptosis and tissue repair.
Early embryonic arrest and fragmentation (EEAF) is a common phenomenon leading to female infertility, but the genetic determinants remain largely unknown. The Moloney sarcoma oncogene (MOS) encodes a ...serine/threonine kinase that activates the ERK signaling cascade during oocyte maturation in vertebrates. Here, we identified four rare variants of MOS in three infertile female individuals with EEAF that followed a recessive inheritance pattern. These MOS variants encoded proteins that resulted in decreased phosphorylated ERK1/2 level in cells and oocytes, and displayed attenuated rescuing effects on cortical F‐actin assembly. Using oocyte‐specific Erk1/2 knockout mice, we verified that MOS‐ERK signal pathway inactivation in oocytes caused EEAF as human. The RNA sequencing data revealed that maternal mRNA clearance was disrupted in human mature oocytes either with MOS homozygous variant or with U0126 treatment, especially genes relative to mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in oocytes with ERK1/2 deficiency or inactivation. In conclusion, this study not only uncovers biallelic MOS variants causes EEAF but also demonstrates that MOS‐ERK signaling pathway drives human oocyte cytoplasmic maturation to prevent EEAF.
SYNOPSIS
Biallelic variants in MOS gene cause recurrent early embryonic arrest and fragmentation (EEAF) and female infertility. MOS variants impair activation of MOS‐ERK signal cascade, prevent substantial maternal mRNAs decay and hamper embryonic development both in human and mice.
Four rare variants in MOS gene were identified in three Chinese infertile females displaying EEAF followed recessive inheritance pattern.
Mutant MOS proteins failed to activate ERK1/2 cascade, and Erk1/2‐deficient mice also exhibited EEAF, confirming the human diagnostic.
MOS‐ERK1/2 signal cascade is required for maternal mRNA clearance during human oocyte maturation, especially of transcripts relative to mitochondrial function.
Inactivation of human or mouse MOS‐ERK1/2 signal cascade caused mitochondrial dysfunction in mature oocytes.
Biallelic variants in MOS gene cause recurrent early embryonic arrest and fragmentation (EEAF) and female infertility. MOS variants impair activation of MOS‐ERK signal cascade, prevent substantial maternal mRNAs decay and hamper embryonic development both in human and mice.
Self-charging power systems integrating energy harvesting technologies and batteries are attracting extensive attention in energy technologies. However, the conventional integrated systems are highly ...dependent on the availability of the energy sources and generally possess complicated configuration. Herein, we develop chemically self-charging aqueous zinc-ion batteries with a simplified two-electrode configuration based on CaV
O
·3H
O electrode. Such system possesses the capability of energy harvesting, conversion and storage simultaneously. It can be chemically self-recharged by the spontaneous redox reaction between the discharged cathode and oxygen from the ambient environment. Chemically self-recharged zinc-ion batteries display an initial open-circuit voltage of about 1.05 V and a considerable discharge capacity of about 239 mAh g
, indicating the excellent self-rechargeability. Impressively, such chemically self-charging zinc-ion batteries can also work well at chemical or/and galvanostatic charging hybrid modes. This work not only provides a route to design chemically self-charging energy storage, but also broadens the horizons of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
Metasurfaces have enabled a plethora of emerging functions within an ultrathin dimension, paving way towards flat and highly integrated photonic devices. Despite the rapid progress in this area, ...simultaneous realization of reconfigurability, high efficiency, and full control over the phase and amplitude of scattered light is posing a great challenge. Here, we try to tackle this challenge by introducing the concept of a reprogrammable hologram based on 1-bit coding metasurfaces. The state of each unit cell of the coding metasurface can be switched between '1' and '0' by electrically controlling the loaded diodes. Our proof-of-concept experiments show that multiple desired holographic images can be realized in real time with only a single coding metasurface. The proposed reprogrammable hologram may be a key in enabling future intelligent devices with reconfigurable and programmable functionalities that may lead to advances in a variety of applications such as microscopy, display, security, data storage, and information processing.Realizing metasurfaces with reconfigurability, high efficiency, and control over phase and amplitude is a challenge. Here, Li et al. introduce a reprogrammable hologram based on a 1-bit coding metasurface, where the state of each unit cell of the coding metasurface can be switched electrically.
Electrochemical conversion of nitrate to ammonia offers an efficient approach to reducing nitrate pollutants and a potential technology for low-temperature and low-pressure ammonia synthesis. ...However, the process is limited by multiple competing reactions and NO
adsorption on cathode surfaces. Here, we report a Fe/Cu diatomic catalyst on holey nitrogen-doped graphene which exhibits high catalytic activities and selectivity for ammonia production. The catalyst enables a maximum ammonia Faradaic efficiency of 92.51% (-0.3 V(RHE)) and a high NH
yield rate of 1.08 mmol h
mg
(at - 0.5 V(RHE)). Computational and theoretical analysis reveals that a relatively strong interaction between NO
and Fe/Cu promotes the adsorption and discharge of NO
anions. Nitrogen-oxygen bonds are also shown to be weakened due to the existence of hetero-atomic dual sites which lowers the overall reaction barriers. The dual-site and hetero-atom strategy in this work provides a flexible design for further catalyst development and expands the electrocatalytic techniques for nitrate reduction and ammonia synthesis.
Bulk nanobubbles (BNBs) are submicron gaseous domains dispersed in solutions, which are supposed to survive for several hours or even days. In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the ...research and extraordinary applications of BNBs. Conventional theories based on gas diffusion and Laplace pressure, however, predicted that nanoscale gas bubbles in water should dissolve within microseconds, presenting a modern-day paradox in current nanobubbles researches. Also, it is still challenging to efficiently produce BNBs and determine their gaseous nature with the available techniques. In this review, we start from a general introduction and brief history of nanobubbles researches and revisit the current progress on the generation methods and detection techniques. Two possible formation mechanisms are suggested, and the plausibility of the proposed theories on BNBs stability is discussed with some suggestions for future studies on bulk nanobubbles.
Unravelling the intrinsic mechanism of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by use of heterogeneous catalysts is highly desirable to develop related energy conversion technologies. Albeit ...dynamic self‐reconstruction of the catalysts during OER is extensively observed, it is still highly challenging to operando probe the reconstruction and precisely identify the true catalytically active components. Here, a new class of OER precatalyst, cobalt oxychloride (Co2(OH)3Cl) with unique features that allow a gradual phase reconstruction during OER due to the etching of lattice anion is demonstrated. The reconstruction continuously boosts OER activities. The reconstruction‐derived component delivers remarkable performance in both alkaline and neutral electrolytes. Operando synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray spectroscopic characterization together with density functional theory calculations discloses that the etching of lattice Cl− serves as the key to trigger the reconstruction and the boosted catalytic performance roots in the atomic‐level coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS). This work establishes fundamental understanding on the OER mechanism associated with self‐reconstruction of heterogeneous catalysts.
A new class of precatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), cobalt oxychloride (Co2(OH)3Cl), displays unique features that allow a gradual phase reconstruction due to electrochemistry‐induced etching. The reconstruction continuously boosts the OER activity. Operando synchrotronradiation‐based X‐ray spectroscopic characterizations together with density functional theory calculations provide atomic‐level insight that the boosted catalytic performance results from coordinatively unsaturated sites of the cobalt.
Abstract
The brightest gamma-ray burst, GRB 221009A, has spurred numerous theoretical investigations, with particular attention paid to the origins of ultrahigh-energy TeV photons during the prompt ...phase. However, analyzing the mechanism of radiation of photons in the ∼MeV range has been difficult because the high flux causes pileup and saturation effects in most GRB detectors. In this Letter, we present systematic modeling of the time-resolved spectra of the GRB using unsaturated data obtained from the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (precursor) and SATech-01/GECAM-C (main emission and flare). Our approach incorporates the synchrotron radiation model, which assumes an expanding emission region with relativistic speed and a global magnetic field that decays with radius, and successfully fits such a model to the observational data. Our results indicate that the spectra of the burst are fully in accordance with a synchrotron origin from relativistic electrons accelerated at a large emission radius. The lack of thermal emission in the prompt emission spectra supports a Poynting flux–dominated jet composition.
The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a matter of international concern as the disease is spreading fast 1, 2. Considering that the contagious disease has led to an ...enormous impact globally, there is an urgent need to identify the risk populations with poor prognosis. Ageing is associated with certain changes in pulmonary physiology, pathology and function, during the period of lung infection. Therefore, age-related differences in responsiveness and tolerance become obvious and lead to worse clinical outcomes in elderly individuals 3. Previous studies have mentioned that older COVID-19 patients are at an increased risk of death 4–7. However, the age-related clinical characteristics, disease courses and outcomes other than death in COVID-19 patients remain unclear.
Age significantly determined the clinical features and prognosis of COVID-19. The prognosis was worse in patients older than 60 years, calling for clinicians to pay more attention to patients of this age.
https://bit.ly/34DTI05
Information metamaterials and metasurfaces Cui, Tie Jun; Liu, Shuo; Zhang, Lei
Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices,
2017, Letnik:
5, Številka:
15
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Traditionally, "metamaterials" have been described by effective medium parameters due to the subwavelength nature of unit particles. The continuous nature of medium parameters makes traditional ...metamaterials behave as analog metamaterials. Recently, the concept of coding metamaterials or "metasurfaces" has been proposed, in which metamaterials are characterized by digital coding particles of "0" and "1" with opposite phase responses. It has been demonstrated that electromagnetic waves can be manipulated by changing the coding sequences of "0" and "1". The coding particles provide a link between the physical world and digital world, leading to digital metamaterials and even field programmable metamaterials, which can be used to control electromagnetic waves in real time. The digital coding representation of metamaterials or metasurfaces can also allow the concepts and signal processing methods in information science to be introduced to physical metamaterials, thereby realizing extreme control of electromagnetic waves. Such studies have set the foundation of information metamaterials and metasurfaces. In this review article, the coding, digital, and field programmable metamaterials and metasurfaces are systematically summarized and analyzed with particular emphases on the information and digital convolution aspects. The future trend of information metamaterial/metasurface is predicted, including software-defined metamaterials/metasurfaces and cognitive metamaterials/metasurfaces.
Digital coding representation of metamaterials and metasurfaces allows information and signal processing operations to be performed directly on physical spaces.
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