ABSTRACT Probiotic Bacillales are effective in controlling pathogens. Live probiotic bacteria improve the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota, leading to a reduction in pathogen ...colonization. However, it remains largely unknown how probiotics regulate the host’s immunologic responses and protect the host from parasitic infection. In this study, we addressed whether Bacillales were effective against Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode that infects small ruminants worldwide. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we found that Bacillales were largely depleted in the abomasal microbiota of sheep infected with H. contortus. We constructed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis named rBSCotB-HcG that express the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of H. contortus (HcGAPDH) on its spore surface using the Bacillus subtilis spore coat protein B (CotB) as a carrier. Mice receiving rBSCotB-HcG orally showed strong Th1-dominated immune responses. More importantly, sheep administered BSCotB-HcG per os showed increasing proliferation of the peripheral blood mononucleates, elevated anti-HcGAPDH IgG in sera, and higher anti-HcGAPDH sIgA in the intestinal mucus than the control sheep. The average weight gain of H. contortus-infected sheep treated with rBSCotB-HcG (Hc+rBSCotB-HcG) was 48.73% greater than that of unvaccinated sheep. Furthermore, these Hc+rBSCotB-HcG sheep had fewer eggs per gram of feces by 84.1% and adult worms by 71.5%. They also demonstrated greatly lessened abomasal damage by H. contortus with an abundance of probiotic species in the abomasal microbiota. Collectively, our data unequivocally demonstrate the protective roles of CotB-HcGAPDH-expressing B. subtilis spores in against H. contortus infection and showed great potential of using probiotic-based strategy in controlling parasitic nematodes of socioeconomic importance in general. IMPORTANCE Initial analyses of the abomasal microbiota of sheep using 16S rRNA sequencing suggested that probiotic bacteria played a protective role in against H. contortus infection. A recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing a fusion protein CotB-HcGAPDH on its spore’s surface induced strong Th1 immune response in a murine model. The same probiotic recombinant, upon only one oral application, protected sheep against H. contortus infection by reducing egg shedding and decreasing adult worm loads of the parasite and increasing body weight gain of infected sheep. Both Th1 and Th2 immune responses were evident in these immunized sheep.
A bandwidth efficient communication model is propoded via a narrowband band-pass filter at the transmitting end of the system. In order to reduce the ISI caused by the filter, a joint detection ...algorithm based on low-density parity check matrix codes (LDPC) is presented.
A new approach based on artificial bee colony (ABC) with chaotic theory was proposed to solve the partitional clustering problem. We first investigate the optimization model including both the ...encoding strategy and the variance ratio criterion (VRC). Second, a chaotic ABC algorithm was developed based on the Rossler attractor. Experiments on three types of artificial data of different degrees of overlapping all demonstrate the CABC is superior to both genetic algorithm (GA) and combinatorial particle swarm optimization (CPSO) in terms of robustness and computation time.
A novel global optimization method is proposed to find global minimal points more effectively and quickly. The new algorithm is based on both genetic algorithms (GA) and pattern search (PS) ...algorithms, thus, we have named it genetic pattern search. The procedure involves two-phases: First, GA executes a coarse search, PS then executes a fine search. Experiments on four different test functions (consisting of Hump, Powell, Rosenbrock, and Woods) demonstrate that this proposed new algorithm is superior to improved GA and improved PS with respect to success rate and computation time. Therefore, genetic pattern search is an effective and viable global optimization method.
In order to realize multiple-access communication of direct sequence spread spectrum extended binary phase shift keying (DS-SS/EBPSK) modulation, a realization method based on code-division was ...researched. Firstly, based on the analysis of DS-SS/EBPSK modulation signal, the effective spread spectrum sequence which can be used for dispreading and code division multiple-access was obtained by formulizing the DS-SS/EBPSK modulation process. Then, the correlation receiver for DS-SS/EBPSK modulation signal detection was designed and the multiple-access transmission was realized by making use of the small-scale cross-correlation of different spread spectrum sequences. Finally, take m sequence for example, the relationship between bit error rate (BER) performance of the expected user and the number of users was simulated, so did the relationship between BER performance of the expected user and the cycle length of m sequence. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the code-division multiple-access real
An algebraic explanation for Maximum Decision Feixiang Cheng; Shulin Zhang; Lenan Wu
2017 International Conference on Communication, Control, Computing and Electronics Engineering (ICCCCEE),
2017-Jan.
Conference Proceeding
One of the aims of communication is to increase the data rate. However, frequency resources are scare and valuable for wireless communication systems. How to use frequency resources efficiently is a ...significant area which needs the attentions of researchers. Ultra Narrow Band (UNB) has attracted wide attentions since it was proposed. M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying (MPPSK) is one of the UNB modulation modes. The differences in phases of the MPPSK modulated waveform can be transformed into the peaks of the amplitudes through the Impacting Filter. Maximum Decision is selected as the decision module of the MPPSK demodulator which needs to search the position where the response of the Impacting Filter has a maximum value. As a novel viewing angle, this paper will provide a mathematic explanation for Maximum Decision and prove its validity.
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