Subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate caused widespread Mesozoic magmatism, lithospheric deformation and thinning, and mineralization along the continental margin of East Asia. However, the details ...of this subduction process remain unclear. To investigate the regional geodynamic evolution and subduction processes of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate, we carried out a geochronological, geochemical, and Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic study of Middle‐Late Jurassic adakitic lavas in the Hailar Basin, northeast (NE) China. These rocks have relatively high Sr contents (434–877 ppm), low heavy rare earth element and Y (6.81–14.37 ppm) contents, and high Sr/Y ratios (56–83), which are characteristic of adakites. The rocks are classified into Middle Jurassic high‐K and Late Jurassic low‐K adakitic lavas. The high‐K adakitic lavas were derived by dehydration melting of thickened garnet‐bearing amphibolite‐facies lower crust. In contrast, the low‐K adakitic lavas could be considered as pristine slab‐melts that were likely generated by hydrous melting of subducted eclogitic oceanic crust, followed by limited interaction between the slab melt and peridotite as a consequence of flat‐slab subduction. Combined with previous data, our results demonstrate that the late Mesozoic magmatism in NE China records the entire temporal‐spatial evolution of subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific slab from initial shallowing of the subduction angle to flat‐slab subduction, followed by basalt‐eclogite phase transformation and finally slab rollback.
Key Points
We identified two distinct groups of Jurassic adakitic rocks in the Hailar Basin, NE China: high‐K and low‐K adakitic lavas
High‐K adakitic lavas were derived by melting of thickened lower crust, whereas the low‐K adakitic lavas were pristine slab melts
Late Mesozoic magmatism in NE China records the evolution of the Paleo‐Pacific flat slab from initial shallowing to final rollback
Janus MXene-decorated CNFs/luffa (JMCL) aerogel integrated the multifunction of fast water transport, good thermal management, fast vapor escape, and efficient photothermal conversion in a ...single-module. The hydrophobic lower part and hydrophilic upper part perform complementary functions, endowing the JMCL aerogel with high sunlight-to-heat-to-vapor conversion efficiency and self-floating performance. The JMCL aerogels delivered a water evaporation rate of 1.40 kg m-2h−1 and an efficiency of 91.20% under 1 sun illumination. In addition, the mechanical strength of JMCL aerogels is 437 times that of MXene/CNFs aerogels. The excellent salt resistance during 24h working and long-term solar vapor generation of up to 28 days were achieved.
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Interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) is considered to be an attractive technique to address the water shortage. However, developing a sustainable thermal management, salt rejection, and excellent mechanical strength ISSG device for long-term stability desalination is still a challenge. Herein, a biomass ISSG device with superb mechanical properties was prepared by introducing a luffa sponge as the skeleton and constructing the MXene/cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) aerogels via freeze-drying. The Janus MXene-decorated CNFs/luffa (JMCL) aerogels integrated the multifunction of fast water transport, good thermal management, and efficient photothermal conversion in a single module, to achieve high-efficiency desalination. 3D Janus structure endowed the JMCL aerogel with opposite wettability, which is feasible to construct the localized photothermal generation and self-floating. The mechanical strength of JMCL aerogels is 437 times that of MXene/CNFs aerogels. The JMCL aerogels delivered a water evaporation rate of 1.40 kg m-2h−1 and an efficiency of 91.20% under 1 sun illumination. The excellent salt resistance during 24 h working and long-term solar vapor generation of up to 28 days were achieved. The multifunctional JMCL aerogels with 3D Janus structure offer new insights for developing good durability and eco-friendly biopolymer-based steam generators.
Robust, ultrathin, and environmental‐friendliness papers that synergize high‐efficiency electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, personal thermal management, and wearable heaters are essential ...for next‐generation smart wearable devices. Herein, MXene nanocomposite paper with a nacre‐like structure for EMI shielding and electrothermal/photothermal conversion is fabricated by vacuum filtration of Ti3C2Tx MXene and modified sawdust. The hydrogen bonding and highly oriented structure enhance the mechanical properties of the modified sawdust/MXene composite paper (SM paper). The SM paper with 50 wt% MXene content shows a strength of 23 MPa and a toughness of 13 MJ·M−3. The conductivity of the SM paper is 10 195 S·m−1, resulting in an EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 67.9 dB and a specific SE value (SSE/t) of 8486 dB·cm2·g−1. In addition, the SM paper exhibits excellent thermal management performance including high light/electro‐to‐thermal conversion, rapid Joule heating and photothermal response, and sufficient heating stability. Notably, the SM paper exhibits low infrared emissivity and distinguished infrared stealth performance, camouflaging a high‐temperature heater surface of 147–81 °C. The SM‐based e‐skin achieves visualization of Joule heating and realizes human motions monitoring. This work presents a new strategy for designing MXene‐based wearable devices with great EMI shielding, artificial intelligence, and thermal management applications.
A TDS/MXene (SM) paper is prepared by Ti3C2Tx and modified sawdust as the smart wearable device, showing a strength of 23 MPa and an EMI SE of 67.9 dB. The SM paper achieves a high Joule heating and photothermal temperature and exhibits notable infrared stealth performance, camouflaging a high‐temperature. The paper‐based e‐skin visualizes Joule heating temperature and monitors human motions.
Hydrogen and carbon materials are two promising research topics in the field of environmentally benign energy and material science, respectively. Hydrogen production by methane decomposition can ...avoid the formation of COx during the fossil fuel life cycle, paving the route for the development of a low-carbon hydrogen economy. The development of state-of-the-art catalysts plays a crucial role in efficient methane conversion for co-production hydrogen and nanocarbons by catalytic methane decomposition (CMD), and considerable effort has been made to develop various carbon-based catalysts in this field. This work provided a critical review on the theoretical and technological background of CMD over carbon-based catalysts, and summarized the recent research progress on the diverse commercial (i.e., activated carbon, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, etc.) or non-commercial carbon materials (including mesoporous carbon, hierarchical porous carbons, heteroatom doped carbon, carbon supported catalysts, and so on.) as catalysts or catalyst supports and their applications in CMD. The process descriptions along with operating parameters of CMD (such as reaction temperature, pressure, space velocity, feedstock purity, reactor type and material) and the catalyst characteristics (such as preparation method and conditions, catalyst type and particle size, textural properties and surface chemistry) were discussed. Additionally, potential origin of the catalytic activity, microscopic understanding on the catalyst deactivation and regeneration, perspectives and challenges were also outlined.
•Carbons were used as catalysts or catalyst supports in methane decomposition.•Effects of the operating parameter and the catalyst characteristics were discussed.•Potential origin of the activity, deactivation and regeneration were outlined.•Perspectives and challenges in use of carbon catalysts for CMD were summarized.
•Storage of 1°C did not result in obvious symptoms of chilling injury in papaya fruit.•stored at 11 and 6°C showed the typical symptoms of chilling injury, and suppressed the energy levels and ...metabolism in papaya fruit.•Lower chilling injury in 1°C-stored papaya fruit related to the higher energy status.
Papaya (Carica papaya L.), a typical tropical fruit, is susceptible to chilling injury (CI). In the present study, CI index, energy level, and energy metabolism-related enzymes activity in papaya fruit stored at 16, 11, 6, and 1°C were investigated to evaluate the relationship between CI and energy metabolism of papaya fruit during cold storage. Results showed that there were no symptoms of CI in papaya fruit stored at 16°C, while some typical CI symptoms including skin pitting, scald and flesh water soaking were appeared in papaya fruit stored 11°C and 6°C. Furthermore, we observed that papaya fruit did not appear obvious symptoms of CI during most duration of storage at 1°C with the exception of slight CI at end of storage. ATP, ADP and the total content of AXP (=ATP+ADP+AMP) contents, EC and energy metabolism-related enzymes activity (H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO)) in papaya fruit stored at 1°C were higher than those in fruit stored at 11 and 6°C. The results suggest that higher energy status in papaya fruit during cold storage could contribute to the alleviation of CI.
Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets have attracted extensive attention and have been considered as compelling nanofillers of polyamide-based nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) with thin film nanocomposite ...(TFN) frame. However, there still remains a big challenge, the poor compatibility between these 2D nanofillers and the polyamide matrix, significantly restricting their practical applications. Herein, we present TFN NFMs by incorporating tannic acid (TA) functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets into the polyamide skin layers via typical interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). TA was employed to assist the aqueous exfoliation of bulk MoS2 into 2D nanosheets, and simultaneously served as the functional molecule to modify and stabilize the as-exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets in aqueous solutions. Thanks to the contribution of TA, the MoS2 nanosheets can be covalently linked into the skin layers through the reaction of TA and TMC, thus exhibiting excellent compatibility with polyamide matrix. Besides, the as-prepared TFN NFMs show promoted water permeation as high as 17.0 L/m2⋅h⋅bar without compromising the salt rejection of divalent ions (98.5%). Moreover, these high-performance TFN NFMs also possess outstanding long-term stability, with great implication for the practical applications.
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•Ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets are used as nanofillers to fabricate nanofiltration membranes.•The interfacial compatibility is enhanced between MoS2 nanofillers and polyamide matrices.•The membranes harvest 24% flux improvement without any sacrifice of salt rejection.
•Litter coverage accelerates biocrusts’ decomposition in sandy ecosystems.•Litter-covered biocrusts can further improve topsoil nutrients and microhabitats.•Sandy soil fractal dimension (D) ...significantly increased with litter cover.•Litter cover promotes the transformation of sandy to loamy textures.
Ecological restoration of sandy inland ecosystems is important for achieving global sustainability. In the world’s semi-arid regions, soil crusts play crucial roles in maintaining ecosystem functioning. However, the true extent of soil quality improvement during the development of crusts is an issue not solved. In this study, four development stages of natural soil crusts, i.e., physical crusts (PC), biocrusts (BC), litter covered biocrusts (LBC) and litter crusts (LC) were selected in a semi-arid sandy ecosystem, along with a bare sandy land (BSL) as control area, to evaluate soil physicochemical properties at different soil depths. The coverage of litter (mainly leaves of Populus simonii) increased soil moisture and reduced soil bulk density. Compared with BC, the content of total soil organic matter (SOM) decreased in LBC by 13.83% and increased in LC by 36.57%. In contrast with BC, LC promoted a significant increase in soil nutrients, such as total nitrogen (30.30%), total phosphorus (46.89%) and available potassium (34.40%) in the topsoil layer (0–2 cm). Besides, LC contained higher clay and silt contents (10.47% and 29.81%) and lower sand content (−1.02%) than BC. In the 0–10 cm soil layer, the D (fractal dimension of the soil particle size distribution) of LC was the largest, with a value 5.71%, 6.1%, 2.44% and 0.93% higher than D in BSL, PC, BC and LBC, respectively. These findings reveal that litter covering facilitate the disintegration of BC, which further forms LC, and these processes clearly promote the enhancement of soil quality under sandy semi-arid conditions. Our findings are particularly important for predicting the transformation processes of sandy soil crusts and are of interest in ecological restoration programs.
Aptamers for Ebola virus (EBOV) offer a powerful means for prevention and diagnostics. Unfortunately, few aptamers for EBOV have been discovered yet. Herein, assisted by magnetism-controlled ...selection chips to strictly manipulate selection conditions, a highly efficient aptamer selection platform for EBOV is proposed. With highly stringent selection conditions of rigorous washing, manipulation of minuscule amounts of magnetic beads, and real-time evaluation of the selection effectiveness, the selection performance of the platform was improved significantly. In only three rounds of selection, the high-performance aptamers for EBOV GP and NP proteins were obtained simultaneously, with dissociation constants (K d) in the nanomolar range. The aptamer was further applied to the detection of EBOV successfully, with a detection limit of 4.2 ng/mL. The whole detection process that consisted of sample mixing, separation, and signal acquisition was highly integrated and conducted in a magnetism-controlled detection chip, showing high biosafety and great potential for point-of-care detection. The method may open up new avenues for prevention and control of EBOV.
Polypropylene (PP), a fossil-based polyolefin plastics widely used worldwide, is non-hydrolyzable and resistant to biodegradation as a major source of plastic pollutants in environment. This study ...focused on feasibility of PP biodegradation in the larvae of two species of darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) i.e., yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and superworms (Zophobas atratus) using PP foam with number-, weight-, and size-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw, and Mz) of 109.8, 356.2, and 765.0 kDa, respectively. The tests were conducted in duplicates with respective larvae (300 T. molitor and 200 Z. atratus each incubator) at 25 °C and 65% humidity for over a 35-day period. The larvae of T. molitor and Z. atratus fed with PP foam as sole diet consumed PP at 1.0 ± 0.4 and 3.1 ± 0.4 mg 100 larvae−1 days−1, respectively; when fed the PP foam plus wheat bran, the consumption rates were enhanced by 68.11% and 39.70%, respectively. Gel permeation chromatography analyses of the frass of T. molitor and Z. atratus larvae fed PP only indicated that Mw was decreased by 20.4 ± 0.8% and 9.0 ± 0.4%; Mn was increased by 12.1 ± 0.4% and 61.5 ± 2.5%; Mz was decreased by 33.8 ± 1.5% and 32.0 ± 1.1%, indicating limited extent depolymerization. Oxidation and biodegradation of PP was confirmed through analysis of the residual PP in frass. Depression of gut microbes with the antibiotic gentamicin inhibited PP depolymerization in both T. molitor and Z. atratus larvae. High throughput 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that Citrobacter sp. and Enterobacter sp. were associated with PP diets in the gut microbiome of Z. atratus larvae while Kluyvera was predominant in the T. molitor larvae. The results indicated that PP can be biodegraded in both T. molitor and Z. atratus larvae via gut microbe-dependent depolymerization with diversified microbiomes.
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•Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas atratus consumed PP foam.•PP was biodegraded via limited extent depolymerization with Mz reduction >32%.•Antibiotic tests indicated gut-microbe dependent biodegradation in both larvae.•Microbiome shifted with distinct dominant species during PP degradation.
Summary
Plant defence is multilayered and is essential for surviving in a changing environment. The discovery of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has dramatically extended our understanding of ...post‐transcriptional gene regulation in diverse biological processes. However, the expression profile and function of lncRNAs in disease resistance are still largely unknown, especially in monocots. Here, we performed strand‐specific RNA sequencing of rice leaves infected by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo) in different time courses and systematically identified 567 disease‐responsive rice lncRNAs. Target analyses of these lncRNAs showed that jasmonate (JA) pathway was significantly enriched. To reveal the interaction between lncRNAs and JA‐related genes, we studied the coexpression of them and found 39 JA‐related protein‐coding genes to be interplayed with 73 lncRNAs, highlighting the potential modulation of lncRNAs in JA pathway. We subsequently identified an lncRNA, ALEX1, whose expression is highly induced by Xoo infection. A T‐DNA insertion line constructed using enhancer trap system showed a higher expression of ALEX1 and exerted a significant resistance to rice bacterial blight. Functional study revealed that JA signalling is activated and the endogenous content of JA and JA‐Ile is increased. Overexpressing ALEX1 in rice further confirmed the activation of JA pathway and resistance to bacterial blight. Our findings reveal the expression of pathogen‐responsive lncRNAs in rice and provide novel insights into the connection between lncRNAs and JA pathway in the regulation of plant disease resistance.
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