Inflammatory markers have a wide range of predictive values in the prognosis of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). Poor nutritional status usually means a poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC, which is ...widely recognized by oncologists and nutritionists. Serum albumin has a certain value in evaluating the prognosis of patients. Several inflammatory albumin-related markers have been proposed, but they have not been widely used in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC in clinical practice. We aim to systematically review the published clinical evidence of albumin-related inflammatory markers in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC and to describe their progress and value. The results showed that the markers included in the review could be prognostic indicators in patients with NSCLC. However, we found that the cut-off value of albumin-related inflammatory markers with quantitative nature was very chaotic and needed to be defined by recognized standards. We summarized and compared the advantages and disadvantages of these markers, but a prospective cohort study with long-term follow-up after adjustment for important confounders is still necessary. Whether the results and conclusions could be directly applied in clinical practice needs to be identified and evaluated. There is an urgent need to classify and standardize the albumin-related inflammatory markers that play an important role in the prognosis of NSCLC, which is the key to ensuring the transformation from clinical study to clinical application.
Albumin-related inflammatory markers could be prognostic indicators in non-small cell lung cancer.
The classification and standardization of albumin-related inflammatory markers guarantee the transformation from clinical study to clinical application.
Future prospective studies of albumin-related inflammatory markers excluding confounding factors are very necessary.
Summary
Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) exhibit degenerative changes, including imbalanced differentiation and reduced proliferation during aging, that contribute to age‐related ...bone loss. We demonstrate here that autophagy is significantly reduced in aged BMMSCs compared with young BMMSCs. The autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) could turn young BMMSCs into a relatively aged state by reducing their osteogenic differentiation and proliferation capacity and enhancing their adipogenic differentiation capacity. Accordingly, the autophagy activator rapamycin could restore the biological properties of aged BMMSCs by increasing osteogenic differentiation and proliferation capacity and decreasing adipogenic differentiation capacity. Possible underlying mechanisms were explored, and the analysis revealed that autophagy could affect reactive oxygen species and p53 levels, thus regulating biological properties of BMMSCs. In an in vivo study, we found that activation of autophagy restored bone loss in aged mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the aging of BMMSCs, and activation of autophagy could partially reverse this aging and may represent a potential therapeutic avenue to clinically treat age‐related bone loss.
Green finance is closely related to sustainable energy development. Using the NVivo12plus software, a governance model of China's green finance policy was constructed using 22 green finance policy ...texts at the central level as research objects. Furthermore, based on the csQCA method, Tosmana software was used to develop and verify a theoretical model of 19 policy text cases. The research results demonstrate that policy belief, policy objectives, policy tools, policy feedback, and policy cycle are the main components of China's green finance policy governance. Furthermore, policy instruments are the fundamental factors affecting the governance effectiveness of China's green finance policy. Policy goals and policy feedback dominate the influence pattern of green finance policy in China. There are three modes driving the influence of green finance policies: regulation-oriented, collaborative-driven, and tool-guided. Finally, for the optimization and improvement of green finance policies, three forces must be improved: stimulus force, driving force, and promotion force.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Exosomes are expected to be used as cancer biomarkers because they carry a variety of cancer-related proteins inherited from parental cells. However, it is still challenging to develop a sensitive, ...robust, and high-throughput technique for simultaneous detection of exosomal proteins. Herein, three aptamers specific to cancer-associated proteins (CD63, EpCAM, and HER2) are selected to connect gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as core with three different elements (Y, Eu, and Tb) doped up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as satellites, thereby forming three nanosatellite assemblies. The presence of exosomes causes specific aptamers to recognize surface proteins and release the corresponding UCNPs, which can be simultaneously detected by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). It is worth noting that rare earth elements are scarcely present in living systems, which minimize the background for ICP–MS detection and exclude potential interferences from the coexisting species. Using this method, we are able to simultaneously detect three exosomal proteins within 40 min, and the limit of detection for exosome is 4.7 × 103 particles/mL. The exosomes from seven different cell lines (L-02, HepG2, GES-1, MGC803, AGS, HeLa, and MCF-7) can be distinguished with 100% accuracy by linear discriminant analysis. In addition, this analytical strategy is successfully used to detect exosomes in clinical samples to distinguish stomach cancer patients from healthy individuals. These results suggest that this sensitive and high-throughput analytical strategy based on ICP–MS has the potential to play an important role in the detection of multiple exosomal proteins and the identification of early cancer.
Organometal lead halides perovskites are promising solar cells material due to their outstanding properties such as tuneable bandgap, impressive tolerance to defects, long exciton diffusion length, ...high carrier mobility and absorption coefficient. Up to now, the organometal lead halides based solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated impressive power conversion efficiency reaching 25.2% (not stabilised). However, their operating life-times are limited due to degradation of the organic components under some environmental conditions. Therefore, researchers have focused their interest on the all inorganic perovskite; especially on the caesium lead triiodide perovskite (CsPbI3) which exhibits a better compositional and chemical stability. Nevertheless, the phase instability of the black phase of this material constitutes its main limitation for its use in the solar cell devices production. This review aims to present the most impactful research giving insights on the factors that may cause the instability of all-inorganic lead halide perovskite materials, as well as the instability of the whole device. In addition to deposition methods, the composition, structure and optical properties of inorganic perovskite materials have also been presented. Furthermore, this review highlights the different strategies used in order to improve the phase stability of caesium lead halide perovskite material through either engineering on the material structure or the fabrication method.
Display omitted
•The most relevant studies on the stability of all-inorganic PSCs materials and preparation methods are reviewed.•The effects of different engineering/modifications methods on the phase stability of CsPbI3 are reviewed.•The influence of the different layers on the device efficiency and stability are pointed out.
•For the first time, an artificial saliva system was used for astringency evaluation.•Artificial saliva close to real saliva was stable, reproducible, and universal.•The Pearson correlation ...coefficient of ASPI and tasting score was higher than SPI.
Astringency is one of the most important organoleptic characteristics of red wines, and its intensity evaluation method has been the focus of research in recent years. An artificial saliva system was developed to establish an accurate and reliable evaluation method for the astringency intensity of dry red wines based on saliva precipitation index (SPI). To achieve this, five key protein families, which presented high reactivities and sensitivities in protein-tannin binding reactions, were selected from human whole saliva. The concentrations of the five proteins (proline-rich protein, α-amylase, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and albumin) and pH were optimized using response surface methodology based on the human salivary conditions to simulate the real salivary environment. The artificial saliva precipitation index method was applied to 60 commercial dry red wines and it exhibited a high correlation (CoefASPI = 0.94) with the sensory scores, indicating better performance than the traditional SPI method and other analytical approaches.
Abstract Metal single‐atoms implanted on nitrogen‐doped carbon matrices (M‐N x Cs) can effectively adjust local surface electrons and polarization relaxation through coordination structures to ...significantly enhance the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties of the materials. However, the precise construction of the geometric and electronic structures of metal single atoms and the discovery of the structure‐absorption relationship at the atomic level confront a huge challenge. Herein, this work summarizes the latest progress in metal single‐atom engineering of EMW absorbing materials via a comprehensive analysis of M‐N x Cs in terms of design principles, modulation strategies, and structure‐performance correlations. Subsequently, it highlights the recent progress of several typical M‐N x Cs as the EMW absorbing materials, aiming to achieve a complete understanding of the physical effects and atomic‐level absorption mechanisms. Finally, current key challenge and future directions of M‐N x Cs are presented by focusing on the electromagnetic functional materials. This work provides new insights for the development of atomically dispersed absorbing materials for efficient electromagnetic response functionalities.
Activation of the NF-κB pathway is strictly regulated to prevent excessive inflammatory and immune responses. In a well-known negative feedback model, IκBα-dependent NF-κB termination is a delayed ...response pattern in the later stage of activation, and the mechanisms mediating the rapid termination of active NF-κB remain unclear. Here, we showed IκBα-independent rapid termination of nuclear NF-κB mediated by CLK2, which negatively regulated active NF-κB by phosphorylating the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB at Ser180 in the nucleus to limit its transcriptional activation through degradation and nuclear export. Depletion of CLK2 increased the production of inflammatory cytokines, reduced viral replication and increased the survival of the mice. Mechanistically, CLK2 phosphorylated RelA/p65 at Ser180 in the nucleus, leading to ubiquitin‒proteasome-mediated degradation and cytoplasmic redistribution. Importantly, a CLK2 inhibitor promoted cytokine production, reduced viral replication, and accelerated murine psoriasis. This study revealed an IκBα-independent mechanism of early-stage termination of NF-κB in which phosphorylated Ser180 RelA/p65 turned off posttranslational modifications associated with transcriptional activation, ultimately resulting in the degradation and nuclear export of RelA/p65 to inhibit excessive inflammatory activation. Our findings showed that the phosphorylation of RelA/p65 at Ser180 in the nucleus inhibits early-stage NF-κB activation, thereby mediating the negative regulation of NF-κB.
Objective
Attractin (ATRN) is a widely expressed member of the cell adhesion and guidance protein family in humans that is closely related to cellular immunity and neurodevelopment. However, while ...previous studies in our laboratory have confirmed the effect of ATRN mutations on long‐term memory, its specific role and the molecular mechanism by which it influences spatial cognition are poorly understood.
Methods
This study aimed to examine the effect of ATRN mutations on working memory in water maze with a novel ATRN‐mutant rat generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system; the mutation involved the substitution of the 505th amino acid, glycine (G), with cysteine (C), namely, a mutation from GGC to TGC. The changes in myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in rats were also analyzed with the western blot.
Results
The ATRN‐G505C(KI/KI) rats exhibited significant increases in the required latency and distance traveled to locate the escape platform in a Morris water maze test of working memory. In addition, the expression of MBP was reduced in ATRN‐mutant rats, as shown in the western blot analysis.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that ATRN gene mutations may directly lead to the impairment of working memory in the water maze; this impairment may be due to the inhibition of MBP expression, which in turn affects the spatial cognition.
ATRN gene mutations may directly lead to the impairment of working memory in the water maze; this impairment may be due to the inhibition of MBP expression, which in turn affects the spatial cognition.
The role of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in angiogenesis has been widely demonstrated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in H2S‐induced angiogenesis. H2S promotes ...angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF via pro‐angiogenic signal transduction. The involved signalling pathways include the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway, phosphoinositide‐3 kinase pathway, nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. H2S has been shown to contribute to tumour angiogenesis, diabetic wound healing, angiogenesis in cardiac and cerebral ischaemic tissues, and physiological angiogenesis during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Furthermore, H2S can exert an anti‐angiogenic effect by inactivating Wnt/β‐catenin signalling or blocking the STAT3 pathway in tumours. Therefore, H2S plays a double‐edged sword role in the process of angiogenesis. The regulation of H2S production is a promising therapeutic approach for angiogenesis‐associated diseases. Novel H2S donors and/or inhibitors can be developed in the treatment of angiogenesis‐dependent diseases.
Hydrogen sulphide and nitric oxide interact and depend on each other to jointly regulate angiogenesis.
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