Good sleep quality is essential for maintaining the body's attention during wakefulness, which is easily affected by external factors such as an ambient temperature. However, the mechanism by which ...an ambient temperature influences sleep-wake behaviors remains unclear. The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) has been reported to be involved in thermoregulation. It also receives projection from the preoptic area, which is an important region for sleep and energy homeostasis and the suprachiasmatic nucleus-a main control area of the clock rhythm. Therefore, we hypothesized that the DMH plays an important role in the regulation of sleep related to ambient temperatures. In this study, we found that cold exposure (24/20/16/12 °C) increased wakefulness and decreased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, while warm exposure (32/36/40/44 °C) increased NREM sleep and decreased wakefulness compared to 28 °C conditions in wild-type mice. Then, using non-specific and specific apoptosis, we found that lesions of whole DMH neurons and DMH γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons induced by caspase-3 virus aggravated the fluctuation of core body temperature after warm exposure and attenuated the change in sleep-wake behaviors during cold and warm exposure. However, chemogenetic activation or inhibition of DMH GABAergic neurons did not affect the sleep-wake cycle. Collectively, our findings reveal an essential role of DMH GABAergic neurons in the regulation of sleep-wake behaviors elicited by a change in ambient temperature.
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors affecting women worldwide. The predictive value of some blood inflammatory composite markers in OC has been extensively reported. They can ...be used for early detection and differential diagnosis of OC and can be used for predicting survival, treatment response, and recurrence in the affected patients. Here, we reviewed the predictive values of composite inflammatory markers based on complete blood count, namely neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic inflammation index and markers based on blood protein, namely C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and prognostic nutritional index in OC, with a focus on NLR and PLR. We referred to the clinical studies on these six markers, reviewed the patient population, and summarized the marker cut-off values, significance, and limitations of these studies. All these studies were retrospective and most of them were single-center clinical studies with small sample sizes. We found that the cut-off values of these markers have not been unified, and methods used to determine these values varied among studies. The predictive value of these markers on survival was mainly reflected in the postoperative patients of multiple subtypes of ovarian cancer including epithelial OC, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, and ovarian clear cell carcinoma. We focused on NLR and PLR and calculated their pooled hazard ratios. NLR and PLR were reliable in predicting overall and progression-free survivals in patients with OC. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust important confounding factors and conduct a long-term follow-up prospective cohort study to further clarify the cut-off values of NLR and PLR and their clinical applications.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained tremendous research interest because of their tolerance of defects, low cost, and facile processing. In PSC devices, PbI2 has been utilized to passivate ...defects at perovskite film surfaces and GBs; however, a systematic mechanism of PbI2 in situ passivation for enhancing the solar cells efficiency has not been fully explored. Here, this work, we systematically studies the effect of the precise PbI2 ratio and the PbI2 in situ passivation mechanism based on trap density, carrier lifetime, Fermi level, and so forth. This study finds the appropriate ratio of I/Pb to be around 2.57:1 using energy-dispersive spectroscopy. After the moderate excess PbI2 in situ passivation, the trap density is reduced from 6.12 × 1016 to 3.38 × 1016 cm–3, and the carrier lifetime is extended from 168.35 to 368.77 ps by using fs-TA spectroscopy. This result indicates that the moderate excess PbI2 in situ passivation can reduce the trap density and suppress the nonradiative recombination. The efficiency of solar cell has shown a nearly 11.3% improvement of 19.55% for an I/Pb ratio of 2.57:1 compared with 2.69:1. It also demonstrates that the efficiency of PSCs can be enhanced effectively by PbI2 in situ passivation.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with remodeling of gut microbiota. Many studies have found H. pylori infection and eradication therapy can alter the gut microbiota. However, ...few studies explored the impact of eradication therapy containing minocycline and metronidazole on gut microbiota.
The objective of the present study was to explore the changes of gut microbiota after H. pylori infection. Besides, learn more about the dynamic changes of gut microbiota during different stages of eradication treatment containing minocycline, metronidazole, bismuth agents and proton pump inhibitors.
Sixty stool samples from the patients with H. pylori infection before eradication, 14 and 42 days after eradication, and ten stool samples from non-infected individuals were collected. Subsequently, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to analyze these samples, and the results were evaluated by using alpha diversity, beta diversity and microbial composition analyses. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States was also used to predict the metabolic pathways according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.
The alpha and beta diversity of the microbiota changed significantly in H. pylori infected individuals, but returned to baseline 42 days after eradication therapy. At the genus level, the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, Ruminococcaceae_Incertae_Sedis, Tuzzrealla, Butyricicoccus were significantly lower in the H. pylori infected group. Bacterial abundance was also dynamically changing during eradication treatment. In addition, PICRUST analysis found the levels of uronic acid metabolism, uncharacterized transport system, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were higher in H. pylori infected individuals than in the non-infected group.
Intestinal microbiota diversity, composition, functional predictions altered significantly after H. pylori infection, and gradually returned to healthy control levels after the application of eradication therapy containing minocycline and metronidazole in one month and a half.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Plants have the remarkable ability to generate callus, a pluripotent cell mass that acquires competence for subsequent tissue regeneration. Global chromatin remodeling is required for this cell fate ...transition, but how the process is regulated is not fully understood. Chromatin-enriched noncoding RNAs (cheRNAs) are thought to play important roles in maintaining chromatin state. However, whether cheRNAs participate in somatic cell regeneration in plants has not yet been clarified.
To uncover the characteristics and functions of cheRNAs during somatic cell reprogramming in plants, we systematically investigate cheRNAs during callus induction, proliferation and regeneration in rice. We identify 2284 cheRNAs, most of which are novel long non-coding RNAs or small nucleolar RNAs. These cheRNAs, which are highly conserved across plant species, shuttle between chromatin and the nucleoplasm during somatic cell regeneration. They positively regulate the expression of neighboring genes via specific RNA motifs, which may interact with DNA motifs around cheRNA loci. Large-scale mutant analysis shows that cheRNAs are associated with plant size and seed morphology. Further detailed functional investigation of two che-lncRNAs demonstrates that their loss of function impairs cell dedifferentiation and plant regeneration, highlighting the functions of cheRNAs in regulating the expression of neighboring genes via specific motifs. These findings support cis- regulatory roles of cheRNAs in influencing a variety of rice traits.
cheRNAs are a distinct subclass of regulatory non-coding RNAs that are required for somatic cell regeneration and regulate rice traits. Targeting cheRNAs has great potential for crop trait improvement and breeding in future.
Zwitterionic polymers are continually suggested as promising alternatives to tune the surface/interface properties of materials in many fields because of their unique molecular structures. Tremendous ...efforts have been devoted to immobilizing zwitterionic polymers (polyzwitterions, PZIs) on the material surfaces. However, these efforts usually suffer from cumbersome and time-consuming procedures. Herein we report a one-step strategy to facilely achieve the bioinspired polydopamine/polyzwitterion (PDA/PZI) coatings on various substrates. It requires only 30 min to form PDA/PZI coatings by mixing oxidant, dopamine, and zwitterionic monomers, including carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA), sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), and 2-methacryloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). These bioinspired coatings display multifunctional properties such as underwater antioil-adhesion and antifreezing thanks to their high hydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity. The coatings even show the antiadhesion property for crude oil with high viscosity. Therefore, the PDA/PZI-coated meshes are efficient for separating both light oil and crude oil from oil/water mixtures. All these results demonstrate that the one-step strategy is a facile approach to design and exploit the bioinspired PDA/PZI coatings for diverse applications.
Accumulating evidences reveal that cellular cholesterol deficiency could trigger the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a key regulator, 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) controls cellular ...cholesterol homeostasis, which was found to be downregulated in AD vulnerable regions and involved in AD-related pathological activities. However, DHCR24 as a potential therapeutic target for AD remains to be identified. In present study, we demonstrated the role of DHCR24 in AD by employing delivery of adeno-associated virus carrying DHCR24 gene into the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice. Here, we found that 5xFAD mice had lower levels of cholesterol and DHCR24 expression, and the cholesterol loss was alleviated by DHCR24 overexpression. Surprisingly, the cognitive impairment of 5xFAD mice was significantly reversed after DHCR24-based gene therapy. Moreover, we revealed that DHCR24 knock-in successfully prevented or reversed AD-related pathology in 5xFAD mice, including amyloid-β deposition, synaptic injuries, autophagy, reactive astrocytosis, microglial phagocytosis and apoptosis. In conclusion, our results firstly demonstrated that the potential value of DHCR24-mediated regulation of cellular cholesterol level as a promising treatment for AD.
Currently, the digital transformation of the power grid is underway, and the intelligent health management technology for power transformers is rapidly advancing. However, there are issues in the ...operation and maintenance process, such as weak information correlation and low decision‐making efficiency. Knowledge graphs have been applied in other industrial fields, such as spacecraft maintenance, to significantly improve knowledge query efficiency. However, there is a lack of literature on knowledge graph construction in the field of power transformer operation and maintenance. Additionally, there is limited publicly available data and difficulties in effectively mining operation and maintenance knowledge in this field. A method for constructing a knowledge graph for power transformer operation and maintenance based on ALBERT is proposed. Firstly, publicly available literature in the field of power transformers is collected, and a sample enhancement method using regular matching is used to enrich the semi‐structured corpora, such as power system accident investigation reports, to construct a training dataset for power transformer operation and maintenance. Then, the ALBERT‐BiLSTM‐CRF deep learning algorithm is applied to extract power transformer operation and maintenance entities from the relevant literature and accident investigation reports, and this method is compared with traditional deep learning algorithms to demonstrate its superiority. Subsequently, the ALBERT‐BiLSTM‐Attention deep learning algorithm, which incorporates ALBERT and attention mechanism, is utilised to extract relationships between power transformer operation and maintenance entities. Compared to other deep learning algorithms, this algorithm demonstrates better performance in the domain‐specific texts of power transformer operation and maintenance. Finally, the Neo4j graph database is used to visualise and present the knowledge graph, enabling decision support based on the power transformer operation and maintenance knowledge graph.
Cadmium (Cd) is a serious heavy metal (HM) soil pollutant. To alleviate or even eliminate HM pollution in soil, environmental-friendly methods are applied. One is that special plants are cultivated ...to absorb the HM in the contaminated soil. As an excellent economical plant with ornamental value and sound adaptability, V. bonariensis could be adapted to this very situation. In our study, the Cd tolerance in V. bonariensis was analyzed as well as an overall analysis of transcriptome.
In this study, the tolerance of V. bonariensis to Cd stress was investigated in four aspects: germination, development, physiological changes, and molecular alterations. The results showed that as a non-hyperaccumulator, V. bonariensis did possess the Cd tolerance and the capability to concentration Cd. Under Cd stress, all 237, 866 transcripts and 191, 370 unigenes were constructed in the transcriptome data of V. bonariensis roots. The enrichment analysis of gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under Cd stress were predominately related to cell structure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system, chelating reaction and secondary metabolites, transpiration and photosynthesis. DEGs encoding lignin synthesis, chalcone synthase (CHS) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) were prominent in V. bonariensis under Cd stress. The expression patterns of 10 DEGs, validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), were in highly accordance with the RNA-Sequence (RNA-Seq) results. The novel strategies brought by our study was not only benefit for further studies on the tolerance of Cd and functional genomics in V. bonariensis, but also for the improvement molecular breeding and phytoremediation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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